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141.
Ecological Engineering Practices for the Reduction of Excess Nitrogen in Human-Influenced Landscapes: A Guide for Watershed Managers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Elodie Passeport Philippe Vidon Kenneth J. Forshay Lora Harris Sujay S. Kaushal Dorothy Q. Kellogg Julia Lazar Paul Mayer Emilie K. Stander 《Environmental management》2013,51(2):392-413
Excess nitrogen (N) in freshwater systems, estuaries, and coastal areas has well-documented deleterious effects on ecosystems. Ecological engineering practices (EEPs) may be effective at decreasing nonpoint source N leaching to surface and groundwater. However, few studies have synthesized current knowledge about the functioning principles, performance, and cost of common EEPs used to mitigate N pollution at the watershed scale. Our review describes seven EEPs known to decrease N to help watershed managers select the most effective techniques from among the following approaches: advanced-treatment septic systems, low-impact development (LID) structures, permeable reactive barriers, treatment wetlands, riparian buffers, artificial lakes and reservoirs, and stream restoration. Our results show a broad range of N-removal effectiveness but suggest that all techniques could be optimized for N removal by promoting and sustaining conditions conducive to biological transformations (e.g., denitrification). Generally, N-removal efficiency is particularly affected by hydraulic residence time, organic carbon availability, and establishment of anaerobic conditions. There remains a critical need for systematic empirical studies documenting N-removal efficiency among EEPs and potential environmental and economic tradeoffs associated with the widespread use of these techniques. Under current trajectories of N inputs, land use, and climate change, ecological engineering alone may be insufficient to manage N in many watersheds, suggesting that N-pollution source prevention remains a critical need. Improved understanding of N-removal effectiveness and modeling efforts will be critical in building decision support tools to help guide the selection and application of best EEPs for N management. 相似文献
142.
Estienney Marie Daval-Frerot Philippe Aho-Glélé Ludwig-Serge Piroth Lionel Stabile Pascal Gerbet Jean-Yves Rouleau Romain de Rougemont Alexis Belliot Gaël 《Food and environmental virology》2022,14(2):217-221
Food and Environmental Virology - Disinfection of hospital facilities and ambulances is an important issue for breaking the chain of transmission of viral pathogens. Hydrogen peroxide has provided... 相似文献
143.
Mathilde Lefebvre Fabienne Dufernez Ange-Line Bruel Marie Gonzales Bernard Aral Judith Saint-Onge Nadège Gigot Julie Desir Caroline Daelemans Frédérique Jossic Sébastien Schmitt Raphaele Mangione Fanny Pelluard Catherine Vincent-Delorme Jean-Marc Labaune Nicole Bigi Dominique D'Olne Anne-Lise Delezoide Annick Toutain Sophie Blesson Valérie Cormier-Daire Julien Thevenon Salima El Chehadeh Alice Masurel-Paulet Nicole Joyé Claude Vibert-Guigue Luc Rigonnot Thierry Rousseau Pierre Vabres Philippe Hervé Antonin Lamazière Jean-Baptiste Rivière Laurence Faivre Nicole Laurent Christel Thauvin-Robinet 《黑龙江环境通报》2015,35(7):675-684
144.
Nicolas Gruchy Eleonore Blondeel Nathalie Le Meur Géraldine Joly-Hélas Pascal Chambon Marianne Till Martine Herbaux Adeline Vigouroux-Castera Aurélie Coussement James Lespinasse Florence Amblard Mélanie Jimenez Pocquet Camille Lebel-Roy Frédérique Carré-Pigeon Elisabeth Flori Francine Mugneret Sylvie Jaillard Catherine Yardin Radu Harbuz Marie-Agnès Collonge-Rame Philippe Vago Mylène Valduga Nathalie Leporrier François Vialard 《黑龙江环境通报》2016,36(6):523-529
145.
Slobodan Djordjevi? David Butler Philippe Gourbesville Ole Mark Erik PascheAuthor vitae 《Environmental Science & Policy》2011,14(7):864-873
In the context of urban flood management, resilience is equal to resisting, recovering, reflecting and responding. The variety of causes of flooding and their consequences underpin the need for increased and internationally coordinated efforts to enhance technologies and policies for dealing with floods. This paper addresses this issue and presents some novel research ideas related to resilience to flooding in urban areas, which are under development within the EU FP7 project ‘Collaborative research on flood resilience in urban areas’ (CORFU). The approach adopted in this project aims to quantify the cost-effectiveness of resilience measures and integrative and adaptable flood management plans for different scenarios of relevant drivers: urban development, socio-economic trends and climate changes. It is believed that the way in which the different models are being put together, combined with the variability of conditions in case study areas in Asia and in Europe, will ultimately enable more scientifically sound policies for the management of the consequences of urban flooding. 相似文献
146.
Kamran Moradkhani Laurence Cuisset Pierre Boisseau Olivier Pichon Marine Lebrun Houda Hamdi-Rozé Marie-Laure Maurin Nicolas Gruchy Marie-Christine Manca-Pellissier Perrine Malzac Frédéric Bilan Marie-Pierre Audrezet Pascale Saugier-Veber Anne-Laure Fauret-Amsellem Chantal Missirian Paul Kuentz Gregory Egea Agnès Guichet Isabelle Creveaux Caroline Janel Ines Harzallah Renaud Touraine Carole Goumy Nicole Joyé Jacques Puechberty Emmanuelle Haquet Sandra Chantot-Bastaraud Sébastien Schmitt Philippe Gosset Bénédicte Duban-Bedu Bruno Delobel Philippe Vago François Vialard Denise Molina Gomes Jean-Pierre Siffroi Jean-Paul Bonnefont Jean-Michel Dupont Philippe Jonveaux Martine Doco-Fenzy Damien Sanlaville Cédric Le Caignec 《黑龙江环境通报》2019,39(11):986-992
147.
148.
Philippe Quevauviller Author vitae 《Environmental Science & Policy》2011,14(7):722-729
Climate change impacts on the hydrological cycle, e.g. leading to changes of precipitation patterns, have been observed over several decades. Higher water temperatures and changes in extremes hydrometeorological events (including floods and droughts) are likely to exacerbate different types of pressures on water resources with possible negative impacts on ecosystems and human health. In addition, sea-level rise is expected to extend areas of salinisation of groundwater and estuaries, resulting in a decrease of freshwater availability for humans and ecosystems in coastal areas. Furthermore, climate-related changes in water quantity and quality are expected to affect food availability, water access and utilisation, especially in arid and semi-arid areas, as well as the operation of water infrastructure (e.g. hydropower, flood defences, and irrigation systems). This paper serves as an introduction to the special issue of Environment Science & Policy dealing with climate change impacts on water-related disasters. It provides a brief background about relevant EU water policies and examples of EU-funded research trends which illustrate on-going efforts to improve understanding and modelling of climate changes related to the hydrological cycles at scales that are relevant to decision making (possibly linked to policy). 相似文献
149.
Philippe Jetzer 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1999,86(5):201-211
Gravitational lensing – i.e. light deflection by gravity – has become an important tool for exploring our Universe, in particular
to determine its matter content. There are cases in which the deflection angles are tiny, of the order of milliarcseconds
or smaller, such that the multiple images are not observable. However, lensing magnifies the affected source, and since the
lens and the source are moving relative to each other, this can be detected as a time-variable brightness. This behaviour
is referred to as gravitational microlensing, a very powerful method to search for dark matter in the halo of our own Galaxy,
if it consists of massive astrophysical compact halo objects (MACHOs), and to study the content of low-mass stars in the galactic
disk. Since the discovery of the first microlensing events in September 1993 by monitoring millions of stars in the Large
Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and in the direction of the galactic centre, more than 200 events have been found. Preliminary analysis
of the events towards the LMC indicate that the halo dark-matter fraction in the form of MACHOs is of the order of 50%, assuming
a standard spherical halo model. This article provides an overview of gravitational microlensing and of the main results achieved
so far. Indeed, gravitational microlensing research has expanded very rapidly in the last few years, and many new applications
have been suggested, including the detection of Earth-like planets around stars in our Galaxy. 相似文献
150.
Guy Meunier Jean-Pierre Ponssard Philippe Quirion 《Journal of Environmental Economics and Management》2014
Competitiveness and carbon leakage are major concerns for the design of CO2 emissions permits markets. In the absence of a global carbon tax and of border carbon adjustments, output-based allocation is a third-best solution and is actually implemented (Australia, California, New Zealand). The EU has followed a different route; free allowances are allocated to existing or new capacities in proportion to a benchmark, independent of actual production. This paper compares these two schemes in a formal setting and shows that the optimal one is in fact a combination of both schemes, or output-based allocation alone if uncertainty is limited. A key assumption of our analysis is that the short-term import pressure depends both on the existing capacities and the level of demand, which is typical in capital intensive and internationally traded sectors. A calibration of the model is used to discuss the EU scheme for the cement sector in the third phase of the EU-ETS (2013–2020). This allows for a quantification of various policies in terms of welfare, investment, production, company profits, public revenues and leakage. 相似文献