矿化垃圾基本理化性状剖面变化特征研究

矿化垃圾能否作为农业资源被重新利用,除应考虑有效植物营养物质的含量与是否存在有害物质外,还取决于其基本理化性状。对城市生活垃圾填埋场中经填埋6年、8年、10年后得到的矿化垃圾基本物化性状变化特征进行分析,结果表明:矿化垃圾的土粒密度显著小于对照土壤,交换性盐基总量、CEC显著大于对照土壤,pH值和对照土壤基本相当;表层(0~50 cm)矿化垃圾的土粒密度、CEC、交换性盐基总量、pH值的变化幅度依次大于中层(50~100 cm)和下层(100~150 cm);矿化垃圾的理化性状在填埋8~10年后总体趋于稳定。从植物生长的环境角度看,填埋8~10年后的矿化垃圾可以开采后作为植物生长基质、土壤改良剂等农业资源化利用。     

基于B／S与C／S混合模式的煤矿安全信息系统研究

通过对煤矿食业安全信息利用现状的调查研究,发现安全信息未得到充分利用.因此有必要建立一个充分利用安全信息的煤矿安全信息系统,对比B/S与C/S结构的特点,结合煤矿自身的复杂性,选定以B/S结构为主,C/S结构为辅的系统结构,并对系统的功能结构进行深入研究,完善了系统的功能.系统的应用可为煤矿安全信息的及时传递和利用提供平台支持,同时可通过系统内置的安伞评价等模块对系统安全状况进行分析,为矿山安全管理人员提供更深层次的煤矿安全信息,使安全管理更及时到位.     

初级基质对降解菌Pseudomonasputida共代谢苯扎贝特的影响

通过对3,5-二硝基水杨酸（DNS）法测定还原糖含量各影响因素的筛选,优化确定了显色时间8min,稳定时间10min,最佳波长490nm下进行吸光度测定的检测方法;分析分别以葡萄糖和麦芽糖作为外加碳源时,降解菌Pseudo—monasputidaB-31的生长情况和共代谢降解典型药物苯扎贝特（BZF）的过程。结果表明,降解菌只有在外加碳源的条件下才可正常生长,而且其在葡萄糖环境中生长得更好;拟合得到的葡萄糖、麦芽糖和BZF代谢动力学结果显示,葡萄糖对BZF去除的促进作用更为明显,同时从葡萄糖培养基中降解菌所提取的酶比活力要高于麦芽糖培养基,分析原因可能是葡萄糖所诱导的降解菌关键酶活力更强,而且还可能会产生不同的蛋白质点位。     

Increasing concentrations of aerosols offset the benefits of climate warming on rice yields during 1980–2008 in Jiangsu Province, China

The impacts of climate change on crop yield have increasingly been of concern. In this study, we investigated the impacts of trends in sunshine duration (S) and maximum temperature (T _max) on rice yields in Jiangsu Province at both the provincial and county level during the period from 1980 to 2008. The results showed that although S and T _max both were positively correlated with rice yields, the combined impacts of the decreasing trend of S (0.37 h/decade) and the increasing trend of T _max (0.34 °C/decade) in August caused a reduction of 0.16 t ha^?1 in rice yields (approximately 1.8 %) in Jiangsu Province, and the trend of S had played a dominant role in the yield losses. Further analyses suggest that the increasing concentration of aerosols from rapid economic development in Jiangsu Province has caused a significant solar dimming at least since 1960, making mitigations and adaptation measurements on regional haze impact imperative. Our study provides a prototype for detecting negative feedback on agricultural production caused by intensified anthropogenic activities that aim only to create rapid economic development.     

臭氧污染、氮沉降和干旱胁迫交互作用对杨树叶和细根非结构性碳水化合物的影响

快速城市化和工业化进程,导致植物生长季常暴露于高浓度地表臭氧(O3)、干旱和氮(N)沉降的环境中.为探究植物非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)及其组分(可溶性糖和淀粉)对多重环境因子胁迫的响应格局,本实验设置2个O3 处理(对照,以过滤空气计;增加O3,未过滤空气+40 nmol·mol-1 O3)、2个水分处理(充分灌溉;...     

零价铁对污泥厌氧消化过程中四环素抗性基因水平转移的作用影响

细菌抗药性问题已成为全球生态环境安全和人体健康领域的一个关注焦点.污水处理剩余污泥是抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的一个重要储存库和排放源,采用荧光定量PCR方法检测分析了四环素抗性基因（TC-ARGs,包括tetA、tetC、tetG、tetM、tetO、tetW和tetX）及第一类整合子 intI1基因丰度在污泥厌氧消化过程中的变化特征,考察了不同投加量零价铁（Fe⁰）对目标基因的消长影响,初步分析了质粒DNA接合作用对TC-ARGs水平转移的作用影响,并探讨了TC-ARGs与 intI1基因之间的相关关系.结果表明,污泥厌氧消化过程对TC-ARGs和intI1基因丰度具有不同程度的削减作用,其中tetX基因丰度降幅可达2.4个数量级.Fe⁰的加入对TC-ARGs和intI1基因丰度削减不显著,并且随着Fe⁰投加量的增加,TC-ARGs和intI1基因丰度相比对照组出现逐渐升高的趋势.通过对质粒组DNA所携带的TC-ARGs基因丰度进行检测分析发现,质粒DNA接合作用对TC-ARGs的水平转移具有促进作用.相关性分析结果显示,tetG与intI1基因之间具有显著正相关关系,表明intI1基因在污泥厌氧消化过程中可能对tetG基因的演变过程具有重要影响.     

蕨类植物中的Υ辐射体

报道了对七种蕨类植物作γ能谱分析的结果。铁芒萁及乌毛蕨对~(232)Th放射性系列的辐射子体吸收率很高。铁芒萁的~(223)Ac含量约为附近树叶的20倍,树枝的80倍,草的40倍。计算了芒萁对各γ辐射体的富集比率。铁芒萁和乌毛蕨可作为土壤中钍系含量的指标植物。人们应避免使用干蕨作为燃料。     

Adsorptive removal of antibiotics from water using magnetic ion exchange resin

The occurrence of antibiotics in the environment has recently raised serious concern regarding their potential threat to aquatic ecosystem and human health. In this study, the magnetic ion exchange(MIEX) resin was applied for removing three commonly-used antibiotics, sulfamethoxazole(SMX), tetracycline(TCN) and amoxicillin(AMX) from water.The results of batch experiments show that the maximum adsorption capacities on the MIEX resin for SMX, TCN and AMX were 789.32, 443.18 and 155.15 μg/m L at 25°C,respectively, which were 2–7 times that for the powdered activated carbon. The adsorption kinetics of antibiotics on the MIEX resin could be simulated by the pseudo-second-order model(R~2= 0.99), and the adsorption isotherm data were well described by the Langmuir model(R~2= 0.97). Solution p H exhibited a remarkable impact on the adsorption process and the absorbed concentrations of the tested antibiotics were obtained around the neutral p H.The MIEX resin could be easily regenerated by 2 mol/L Na Cl solution and maintained high adsorption removal for the tested antibiotics after regeneration. Anion exchange mechanism mainly controlled the adsorption of antibiotic and the formation of hydrogen binding between the antibiotic and resin can also result in the increase of adsorption capacity. The high adsorption capacity, fast adsorption rate and prominent reusability make the MIEX resin a potential adsorbent in the application for removing antibiotics from water.     

城市污水处理厂污水及污泥中典型药物及其代谢产物的定量检测

基于超声溶剂萃取、固相萃取和超高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术（UPLC-MS/MS）,建立了一种适用于城市污水处理厂污水和污泥中2种典型药物（磺胺甲恶唑和卡马西平）及其5种代谢产物的同步分析方法.污水样品添加硫酸酸化、Na₂EDTA络合金属离子后经固相萃取富集净化;污泥样品通过甲醇/0.2 mol·L^-1柠檬酸溶液（1：1,体积比）超声萃取后经固相萃取富集净化.采用UPLC-MS/MS电喷雾电离源在多反应监测模式下进行目标物的定量分析.结果表明,在优化条件下,7种目标物标准曲线的线性可决系数（R²）均大于0.99,方法回收率为74%~217%,日内与日间相对标准偏差稳定（RSD<20%）,污水定量限为0.17~2.42 ng·L^-1,污泥定量限为0.20~2.85 μg·kg^-1.将该方法成功应用于两家城市污水处理厂样品中,除N-AcSMX外其余6种目标物被检出,其在污水和污泥中的浓度分别为3.92（SMX-DG）~667（LCBZ）ng·L^-1和0.41（2OH-CBZ）~2.74（CBZ）μg·kg^-1.     

Distribution of antibiotic resistance genes and their association with bacteria and viruses in decentralized sewage treatment facilities

• Distribution of ARGs in decentralized sewage facilities were investigated. • Bacitracin-ARGs were most predominant ARGs in rural wastewater. • ARGs were identified in bacterial and viral community. • ARGs of rpoB, drfE, gyrA and parC were both correlated with bacteria and phages. • More attention should be paid to the risk of spreading ARG by phages. The distribution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) has been intensively studied in large-scale wastewater treatment plants and livestock sources. However, small-scale decentralized sewage treatment facilities must also be explored due to their possible direct exposure to residents. In this study, six wastewater treatment facilities in developed rural areas in eastern China were investigated to understand their risks of spreading ARGs. Using metagenomics and network analysis tools, ARGs and bacterial and viral communities were identified in the influent (INF) and effluent (EFF) samples. The dominant ARGs belonged to the bacitracin class, which are different from most of municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The dominant hosts of ARGs are Acidovorax in bacterial communities and Prymnesiovirus in viral communities. Furthermore, a positive relationship was found between ARGs and phages. The ARGs significantly correlated with phages were all hosted by specific genera of bacteria, indicating that phages had contributed to the ARG’s proliferation in sewage treatment facilities. Paying significant concern on the possible enhanced risks caused by bacteria, viruses and their related ARGs in decentralized sewage treatment facilities is necessary.