基于随机森林的开封市重型柴油车NOx排放总量估算模型

近年来,在相关法律文件的推动下,监控平台技术得到发展与应用,有助于准确、实时获取海量实车行驶和排放数据,为建立机动车排放清单提供了重要数据基础.基于此背景,本文依托河南开封重型柴油车远程监控平台排放大数据,考虑了中观尺度上的活动因子分布特征及活动因子的影响权重,利用随机森林回归模型对重型柴油车污染物排放量预测方法进行研究.结果表明：①开封市重型柴油车行驶工况呈Ω型分布,而且随着发动机排量的增大,工况范围有逐渐缩小的趋势,且重型柴油车有20%的时间行驶在怠速区域和至少40%的时间行驶在中低转速区域.②在样本车中,在活动因子影响程度占比排序方面,有超过80%的柴油车将车速排在首位,其次分别是SCR床温、废气流量、发动机转速、燃料流量.③NO_x排放总量估算模型计算的6种典型排量下的重型柴油车NO_x排放总量与实际排放总量相比,误差不超过25%,能够满足实际需求.     

How can sports entrepreneurs achieve their corporate sustainable development goals under the COVID-19 epidemic?

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The present study aimed to explore the opportunities for the sustainable development of professional sports enterprises and events from the...     

An evaluation approach for livable urban environments

This study proposes a method for evaluating livable urban environments using the analytic hierarchy process, a survey of public opinions (n?=?1,075), and gray relational analysis with a pollutant standards index to estimate the weights of weather, air pollution, and environment aspects and each respective factor. This study investigates the positive or negative correlation of these factors and their effects on livable environment. A value of 100 was designated as the perfect living condition. Results show that the weights of weather, air pollution, and environment aspects were 0.288, 0.395, and 0.317, respectively. The weight ranges of three weather factors, five air pollution factors, and ten environmental factors were 0.311-0.358, 0.191-205, and 0.081-0.116, respectively. The monthly livable index of 28 districts in Taichung City and of 20 cities/counties in Taiwan ranged from 81.1 to 92.4 and from 83.1 to 90.8 in different months, respectively, showing that environmental aspect played a key role. These results demonstrate that the proposed method can provide a quantification index of living conditions in each region, thereby establishing the governmental improvement policy firmly. This study also presents a discussion on improvement strategies, especially on the apportionment rate of governmental construction funds for livable urban environments.     

Evaluation of natural attenuation at a 1,4‐dioxane‐contaminated site

1,4‐Dioxane entered the environment as a result of historic leaks and spills in the production area at an industrial facility in the southeastern coastal plain. The areal extent of the 1,4‐dioxane plume is several hundred acres and is largely contained on the site. Land use adjacent to the plant property is primarily undeveloped (wetlands or woods) or industrial, with a small area of mixed land use (commercial/residential) to the southwest and north. The surficial aquifer is a relatively simple hydrogeologic system with well‐defined boundaries and is comprised of a 50‐ to 70‐foot‐thick deposit of alluvial/fluvial sand and gravel that overlies an aquitard in excess of 100 feet thick. A groundwater flow model, developed and calibrated using field‐measured data, was used for the fate‐and‐transport modeling of 1,4‐dioxane. The flow‐and‐transport model, combined with the evaluation of other site geochemical data, was used to support the selection of monitored natural attenuation (MNA) as the proposed groundwater remedy for the site. Since the active sources of contamination have been removed and the modeling/field data demonstrated that the plume was stable and not expanding, the proposed MNA approach was accepted and approved by the regulatory agency for implementation in 2004. Subsequent accumulated data confirm that concentrations in the 1,4‐dioxane plume are declining as predicted by the fate‐and‐transport modeling. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Optimal methods to determine the physical parameters for activated carbon adsorption

The objectives of this research were to examine the physical characteristics of activated carbons made of different materials, thereby suggest a preferable approach to obtaining the optimal estimation of the parameters for the activated carbons by the statistical techniques. After the appropriate pretreatments, the apparent and true densities of activated carbon, adsorption isotherms of argon, nitrogen and mercury, and the adsorptive capacity of benzene were determined by using the recommended approaches. The results showed that the shapes of hysteresis loop indicated that the pores were probably slit‐shaped or formed by plate‐like particles, which could be confirmed by the SEM examination. It was noted that the apparent density used for pore volume calculation presented a higher possibility of underestimation. Through the use of the statistical techniques, such as factor analysis (FA) and correspondence analysis (CA), the principal physical parameters on adsorption phenomena could be characterized. Finally, the optimal methods for obtaining the surface area and pore volume of activated carbons were suggested.     

西部大开发中的制造业模式选择

本文分析了西部大开发中制造业发展的约束条件 ,在这些约束条件下 ,西部大开发中制造业选择绿色制造模式是其必然要求 ;在此基础上分析了在西部大开发中制造业实施绿色制造模式存在的障碍、提出了促进在西部制造业中实施绿色制造模式的政策建议。     

Are barnacle larvae able to escape from the threat of UV?

Earlier laboratory experiments suggested that environmental levels of UV-B radiation can damage the eyes of barnacle naupliar larvae and impair their phototactic behaviors. However, since barnacle larvae may avoid UV by migrating to deeper waters, it is not known whether such impairment would actually occur under field conditions. For the first time, this study provides both field and laboratory evidences to show that prevailing UV-B in the natural habitat of barnacle larvae could be an important environmental factor affecting natural barnacle populations. We here showed that although barnacle nauplii may avoid UV-B irradiation by downward migration, the amount of UV energy (9.8 × 10⁻⁶ J) received by a naupliar eye during downward migration in the natural water column is within the same order of magnitude as the total energy (7.5 × 10⁻⁶ J) sufficient to cause damages to naupliar eye and impair their phototactic responses. It is possible that solar UV-B prevailing at shallow waters would pose a similar threat to other zooplankton species over large geographic scale.