高效菌种处理制药废水的研究

青霉素在其生产过程中排放出高浓度有机废液水,该废液COD浓度高,成分复杂,可生化性差,是环境工程领域的研究难题。文章提出一种高效菌种处理青霉素废水的技术,试验表明,用此高效菌种处理制药废水有较好的处理效果。     

火焰原子吸收法测定水中铁的不确定度评定

测量不确定度是表征合理地赋予被测量值的分散性,与测量结果相联系的参数,通过火焰原子吸收分光光度法对水中铁的不确定度进行评定,确定铁测量不确定度的来源主要为工作曲线拟合、消解过程、重复测定和分析仪器,最主要来源是工作曲线,其他测量因素引起的分量较小,可以不予考虑。通过合理选择不确定度分量,优化评定过程,减少评定环节,达到对不确定度合理评定的目的。     

酸碱调节对混合污泥中氮、磷溶出的影响

为了研究不同酸碱调节下混合污泥(初沉池污泥与剩余污泥按约4∶6的比例混合)中氮磷溶出的变化规律,考察了天津市某污水厂的混合污泥在酸性(pH=3.0),碱性(pH=10.0)以及pH值不调节的情况下,在15～20℃水解酸化过程中氨氮(NH4+-N)和磷酸盐(PO43--P)的释放规律。结果表明:对混合污泥进行pH调节可以提高氨氮和磷酸盐的释放量,且混合污泥中氨氮的释放量表现为碱性>对比试验>酸性;磷酸盐的释放量表现为酸性>对比试验>碱性。     

The impact of different voltage application modes on biodegradation of chloramphenicol and shift of microbial community structure

● Presented coupled system enhanced biodegradation of antibiotic chloramphenicol. ● HRT and electrical stimulation modes were key influencing factors. ● Electrical stimulation had little effect on the chloramphenicol metabolic pathway. ● Microbial community structure varied with the voltage application mode. Exoelectrogenic biofilms have received considerable attention for their ability to enhance electron transfer between contaminants and electrodes in bioelectrochemical systems. In this study, we constructed anaerobic-aerobic-coupled upflow bioelectrochemical reactors (AO-UBERs) with different voltage application modes, voltages and hydraulic retention times (HRTs). In addition, we evaluated their capacity to remove chloramphenicol (CAP). AO-UBER can effectively mineralize CAP and its metabolites through electrical stimulation when an appropriate voltage is applied. The CAP removal efficiencies were ~81.1%±6.1% (intermittent voltage application mode) and 75.2%±4.6% (continuous voltage application mode) under 0.5 V supply voltage, which were ~21.5% and 15.6% greater than those in the control system without voltage applied, respectively. The removal efficiency is mainly attributed to the anaerobic chamber. High-throughput sequencing combined with catabolic pathway analysis indicated that electrical stimulation selectively enriched Megasphaera, Janthinobacterium, Pseudomonas, Emticicia, Zoogloea, Cloacibacterium and Cetobacterium, which are capable of denitrification, dechlorination and benzene ring cleavage, respectively. This study shows that under the intermittent voltage application mode, AO-UBERs are highly promising for treating antibiotic-contaminated wastewater.     

Impact of waste of COVID-19 protective equipment on the environment,animals and human health: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - During the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, protective equipment, such as masks, gloves and shields, has become mandatory to prevent person-to-person...     

Quantifying ecosystem service mismatches for land use planning: spatial-temporal characteristics and novel approach—a case study in Jiangsu Province,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Land use and land cover changes associated with urbanization have had a significant influence on ecosystem services (ESs), but previous studies have...     

郑州新郑国际机场本地化排放因子与排放清单

基于郑州新郑国际机场的飞行数据和国际民航组织发动机排放数据库,获得2019年飞机实际飞行时间,测算了全年所有机型飞机 主发动机的污染物排放因子,建立了包括飞机及地面特种车辆在内的机场精细化大气污染物排放清单.结果表明,新郑国际机场飞机运行时间对典型机型耗油量影响明显,月际变化趋势一致.典型机型的本地化污染物排放因子的差异,与各飞行阶段的耗油量和单位燃油污染排放量密切相关,其中,波音B738机型运行占比最大且排放因子较高.2019年新郑国际机场NO_x、CO、HC、SO₂和PM的总排放量分别为1207.7、921.2、123.7、268.3和36.2 t,主要来自飞机主发动机排放.研究期内,各类污染物排放均在11：00达到峰值.飞行阶段中,NO_x排放主要来自飞机在 起飞降落循环中的爬升阶段,占比达45.6%;CO和HC在地面滑行阶段的排放占比远高于其他运行阶段,分别占95.4%和93.9%;SO₂和PM在不同工作模式下的排放占比较为接近.各机型中,波音B738和空客A320两种机型在5类污染物排放量中贡献最大,波音B737机型排放CO较高.     

OMEGA算法在导弹振动工程中的应用

目的研究位移、速度和加速度谱之间的转换关系,给出三者功率谱密度之间的转换公式,进而用于导弹运输振动环境的设计。同时,研究加速度信号转换为振动位移的方法,并应用于导弹舱内单机设备安全间隙的设计。方法利用OMEGA算法,首先将加速度传感器测得的加速度时域信号转换成加速度频域信号,随后将加速度谱转换成位移谱,并计算位移谱中每个谱线对应的幅值、相位和圆频率,最后将各位移分量简单叠加得到振动位移的时间历程。结果采用该方法计算了高速公路上导弹的运输振动位移功率谱,并得到垂向、横向和纵向的峰-峰位移分别为3.32,0.46,2.14 mm。同时,计算了飞行环境下导弹舱内单机设备的振动位移,与所测得位移在幅值上相当,时域曲线形态一致。结论该方法能够很好地应用于导弹振动工程设计。     

Characterization of phosphorus species and modeling for its organic forms in eutrophic shallow lake sediments,North China

Variations of phosphorus （P） and its species in surface sediment of Baiyangdian Lake, a eutrophic shallow lake located in North China, were investigated through combination of field survey and numerical calculation based on cluster analysis. P fractionation was performed by a sequential extraction scheme, categorized as loosely bound P （NH4Cl-P）, reductant soluble P （BD-P）, metallic oxide bound P （NaOH-P）, calcium bound P （HCl-P） and organic P （Org-P）. P concentrations exhibited regional similarities and a total of four sub-areas were identified in which the same rank was HCl-P 〉 Org-P 〉 BD-P ,=NaOH-P 〉NH4Cl-E NH4Cl-P, BD-P and Org-P were found to contribute to P enrichment in overlying water column. Specifically, labile Org-P acted as a potential pool with a greater contribution in aerobic layer compared to anaerobic layer. A hysteresis （lag = 4 months） existed when labile Org-P concentration was negatively correlated with aerobic layer thickness. In view of magnitude of identified P contributors in sub-areas, higher potential of P release was present in Fuhe River and Tang River estuary areas. On the basis of calibration and verification, the mathematical model with parameter settings applied in this study was improved to serve as a tool for limnology management and eutrophic control.     

北京冬季大气中多溴联苯醚的污染水平和分布特征

2010年11月至2011年2月利用聚氨酯泡沫(PUF)大气被动采样技术采集了北京市海淀、朝阳、丰台、石景山、昌平、大兴、通州等区域的大气样品,采用高分辨气相色谱/高分辨质谱联用法(HRGC/HRMS)分析了其中13种多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)同族体的污染浓度和分布特征.结果表明,北京大气中PBDEs总含量(Σ13PBDEs)为0.97~41.1pg/m3,平均值为7.85pg/m3.在区域分布规律方面呈现东南地区的采样点污染物浓度明显高于西北地区,工业地区和人口密集的商业地区明显高于郊区和背景对照区的分布特征.