The treatment of black-odorous water using tower bipolar electro-flocculation including the removal of phosphorus,turbidity, sulfion,and oxygen enrichment

• An innovative bubble column tower BPE was designed to treat the black-odorous water. • PO₄³⁻, S²⁻ and turbidity were removed, and dissolved oxygen was enriched in the BPE. • An aluminum bipolar electrode gave the best oxygen enrichment and pollutant removal. • Changes of microorganisms confirmed the improvement in water quality achieved. The large amount of municipal wastewater discharged into urban rivers sometimes exceeds the rivers’ self-purification capacity leading to black-odorous polluted water. Electro-flocculation has emerged as a powerful remediation technology. Electro-flocculation in a bubble column tower with a bipolar electrode (BPE) was tested in an attempt to overcome the high resistance and weak gas-floatation observed with a monopolar electrode (MPE) in treating such water. The BPE reactor tested had a Ti/Ta₂O₅-IrO₂ anode and a graphite cathode with an iron or aluminum bipolar electrode suspended between them. It was tested for its ability to reduce turbidity, phosphate and sulphion and to increase the concentration of dissolved oxygen. The inclusion of the bipolar electrode was found to distinctly improved the system’s conductivity. The system’s electro-flocculation and electrical floatation removed turbidity, phosphate and sulphion completely, and the dissolved oxygen level improved from 0.29 to 6.28 mg/L. An aluminum bipolar electrode performed better than an iron one. Changes in the structure of the microbial community confirmed a significant improvement in water quality.     

MTBE的生物降解技术

汽油添加剂甲基叔丁基醚 (MTBE)的污染在国外已引起重视。概述了目前MTBE生物降解的研究现状 ,着重介绍了国外对MTBE污染地下水的异位和原位生物处理方法。随着汽车的逐步普及和MTBE用量的增加 ,我国正在或将面临MTBE的污染。指出了开展相关研究的重要性和迫切性 ,初步提出了这一新课题的研究思路 ,为我国环境保护领域从事该项研究的人员提供参考。     

改性海泡石在环境污染治理中的应用

改性海泡石是一种纤维状富镁粘土矿物 ,其独特的层状结构和巨大的比表面使其具有吸附性强、离子交换能力大的特点 ,且具有二次污染小、可重复使用的优点 ,因此在污染治理方面的应用较为广泛。从天然海泡石、改性海泡石的结构与性质的比较上 ,对改性海泡石在废水治理、气体净化、土壤修复等污染治理方面的研究进展进行了评述 ,并对其开发利用进行了分析和探讨。     

发挥专业救援作用，加强装备与技术保障

此次汶川大地震带给我们巨大伤痛,也引起社会各界的许多思考。就地震救援和救援过程中的个体防护问题,我们于2008年6月30日访问了中国地震局震灾应急救援司。     

典型城市地表水质综合评价方法研究

以中国10个典型城市2013年实测地表水水质资料为基础,运用内梅罗指数法、均值法、地表水质指数法(SWQI)3种评价方法对城市地表水质进行综合评价。结果表明:就评价指标而言,3套指标方案评价结果显著相关,最佳指标为DO、COD_(Cr)、NH_3-N、TP;就评价方法而言,内梅罗指数法是3种方法中的首选方法,SWQI法评价结果表现为过保护,均值法不能突出较差水质指标的影响。     

Natural and anthropogenic influences on a red-crowned crane habitat in the Yellow River Delta Natural Reserve, 1992–2008

This study aims to assess the relative importance of natural and anthropogenic variables on the change of the red-crowned crane habitat in the Yellow River Nature Reserve, East China using multitempopral remote sensing and geographic information system. Satellite images were used to detect the change in potential crane habitat, from which suitable crane habitat was determined by excluding fragmented habitat. In this study, a principal component analysis (PCA) with seven variables (channel flow, rainfall, temperature, sediment discharge, number of oil wells, total length of roads, and area of settlements) and linear regression analyses of potential and suitable habitat against the retained principal components were applied to explore the influences of natural and anthropogenic factors on the change of the red-crowned crane habitat. The experimental results indicate that suitable habitat decreased by 5,935 ha despite an increase of 1,409 ha in potential habitat from 1992 to 2008. The area of crane habitat changed caused by natural drivers such as progressive succession, retrogressive succession, and physical fragmentation is almost the same as that caused by anthropogenic forces such as land use change and behavioral fragmentation. The PCA and regression analyses revealed that natural factors (e.g., channel flow, rainfall, temperature, and sediment discharge) play an important role in the crane potential habitat change and human disturbances (e.g., oil wells, roads, and settlements) jointly explain 51.8 % of the variations in suitable habitat area, higher than 48.2 % contributed by natural factors. Thus, it is vital to reduce anthropogenic influences within the reserve in order to reverse the decline in the suitable crane habitat.     

天然气长输管道建设对生态环境的影响及防范措施

针对天然气长输管道建设影响面广、介质危险性大的特点,从对土地利用方式、土壤环境、林业生态系统、农业生态系统、野生动植物、景观、地质等方面分析施工期的环境影响。提出预防、减缓、植被恢复、管理、风险防范等方面的生态保护措施,特别给出了林地生态系统、农田生态系统、野生动物、土壤的具体保护措施;从加强环境管理、加强施工人员的环保意识、加强野生动物保护的宣传力度方面提出了针对性的管理措施。     

酸碱联合调节剩余污泥过程中氮、磷和有机质的释放

实现城市污泥的减量化和资源化是污水厂面临的难题之一。通过采用(1)先酸性(pH=3)后碱性(pH=10)、(2)先碱性(pH=10)后酸性(pH=3)的两段控制方式(每段反应8 d),同时做pH不调的对比实验,研究剩余污泥水解酸化过程中氨氮、磷酸盐和溶解性COD(SCOD)、碳水化合物、蛋白质和挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs)等有机质组分的释放。结果表明,酸碱联合调节有利于各组分的释放;氮和磷在酸性条件下的释放量大于碱性,有机质在碱性条件下的释放量大于酸性;采用(2)方式,调为酸性后反应1 d,氨氮的释放量即达到最大(17.28 mg/g TS);采用(1)的调节方式反应7 d,磷酸盐能达到最佳释放量(14.16 mg/g TS);总VFAs的产生受反应时间的影响较大,其余有机质组分在(2)的调节方式下,6 d左右即可达到较大释放量。     

不同电子受体对聚磷菌吸磷性能的影响研究

采用人工配水,在厌氧/好氧交替运行的序批式活性污泥反应器(SBR)中,富集了全菌数量80%以上的聚磷菌(Candi-datus Accumulibacter Phosphates)。以此为基础,研究了O2及不同浓度NO3--N、NO2--N对聚磷菌吸磷的影响。结果表明,在一定的条件下,聚磷菌可以NO3--N和NO2--N为电子受体进行缺氧吸磷;NO3--N浓度对聚磷菌的吸磷速率影响很小;聚磷菌可以低质量浓度NO2--N(≤40mg/L)为电子受体,但不能以高质量浓度NO2--N(≥80mg/L)为电子受体,而且高浓度NO2--N对聚磷菌吸磷产生抑制甚至对细菌本身存在毒害;NO2--N为电子受体时,其抑制浓度和污泥本身以及外界条件都存在很大的关系,各个研究结论不尽相同,其影响过程有待进一步的探讨。     

微塑料污染防治国际实践及对我国的启示

微塑料作为一类新污染物,已成为国际社会普遍关注的热点环境问题。欧美国家微塑料污染防治工作启动较早,具有丰富的实践经验,这对完善我国微塑料污染防治体系具有重要的借鉴意义。从制度建设、国际合作、监测评估、科学研究等方面梳理了国际社会微塑料污染防治的先进做法和实践经验,对比我国开展微塑料污染防治的相关政策和举措,分析了存在问题和短板;在此基础上,从强化顶层设计、健全协调机制、完善监测体系、重视科技支撑和加大宣传教育5个方面提出了对我国微塑料污染防治的启示。