Effect of Fe(Ⅲ) on the bromate reduction by humic substances in aqueous solution

Humic substances are ubiquitous redox-active organic compounds of environment.In this study,experiments were conducted to determine the reduction capacity of humic acid in the matrix of bromate and Fe(Ⅲ) solutions and the role of Fe(Ⅲ) in this redox process.The results showed that the humic acid regenerated Fe(Ⅱ) and reduced bromate abiotically.The addition of Fe(Ⅲ) could accelerate the bromate reduction rate by forming humic acid-Fe(Ⅲ) complexes.Iron species acts as electron mediator and catalyst for the bromate reduction by humic acid,in which humic acid transfers electrons to the complexed Fe(Ⅲ) to form Fe(Ⅱ),and the regenerated Fe(Ⅱ) donate the electrons to bromate.The kinetics study on bromate reduction further indicated that bromate reduction by humic acid-Fe(Ⅲ) complexes is pH dependent.The rate decreased by 2-fold with the increase in solution pH by one unit.The reduction capacity of Aldrich humic acid was observed to be lower than that of humic acid or natural organic matter of Suwanne River,indicating that such redox process is expected to occur in the environment.     

中国南方红壤丘陵区湖南水环境时空变化研究

以中国南方红壤丘陵区的典型区域-湖南省为例,利用1990～2000年湘、资、沅、澧四水和洞庭湖区重要断面的水质数据,采用综合污染指数方法和污染分担率方法,研究了湖南省水环境质量时空变化特征,并选取1990～2005年经济和废水排放数据,分析了经济因子与废水排放之间的相互关系,建立湖南省废水排放的库兹涅茨曲线模型。研究结果表明,从时间上看,湖南省的总体水环境污染有加重的趋势;从空间上看,水环境质量是从湖南省的西部向东部恶化。在流域和地区对比中,湘江和位于该流域的株洲市最为严重,总氮和汞是湖南省最主要的污染因子;通过环境库兹涅茨曲线模型模拟表明,湖南水环境与经济发展的关系位于环境库兹涅茨曲线上升段。本研究结果对于改善整个湖南省水环境污染状况,以便采取正确的防治策略具有一定的实践意义。     

延迟焦化装置的定量风险评估

通过长岭分公司延迟焦化装置的定量风险评估,明确了装置中的主要危险设备,量化出装置的整体风险水平,促进了企业的安全生产.     

废纸造纸废水处理技术

近年来,废纸造纸行业发展迅速,为了使其产生的废水达标排放,应采用合理的处理技术。通过对废纸造纸废水污染特性、目前比较成熟的处理技术及零排放清洁生产工艺的研究,对废纸造纸处理技术的进一步发展提出了建议。目前,很多处理技术已成功研发并投入使用,取得了不错的处理效果,同时在应用范围、能源消耗、技术可操作性、投资运行费用等方面存在一定的局限性。建议在废水处理新技术开发和零排放清洁生产工艺的研究,废水处理设备、使用药剂的优化等方面加大工作力度。     

适用于柴油降解的微生物菌种降解能力研究

文章针对柴油污染土壤的生物修复问题,对具有降解柴油能力的微生物菌种进行了采集及驯化,并分别就底物浓度、温度及初始pH值对驯化后微生物菌种的柴油降解能力进行了相关实验研究,讨论了温度、底物浓度、初始pH值对微生物生长、柴油降解效率的影响,得到了微生物生长的最佳条件是温度为30℃、底物浓度为0.0015μg/ml～0.003μg/ml及pH值等于7,同时得到了M-M（Michaelis-Menten）方程中的动力学参数,米氏常数为12.33 mg/L,最大反应速率为0.57h^-1。     

101国道对北京市密云县城区的环境影响分析

通过连续4年在对路经北京市密云县城区的四处监测点位的车流量、噪声和大气环境质量监测,结果表明：101国道的车流量大体上呈逐年增长之势。101国道两侧的昼间平均交通噪声值除2003年全部达标排放外,2004-2006年均有部分超标;101国道两侧夜间平均交通噪声值均可达标排放。101国道两侧PM10的浓度基本上随车流量的增加而增加,SO2和NO2的浓度随车流量的变化不明显。101国道旁密云县环保局监测点PM10、SO2和NO2的浓度均高于密云县城区测点的浓度。     

ABR处理淀粉废水的研究

探讨了厌氧折流板反应器（ABR）的运行机理,并研究了启动阶段在不同的水力条件和容积负荷下,对有机负荷为1.2-3.6 kgCODcr/（m^3·d）淀粉溶液的CODcr去除率,以及ABR工艺运行过程中的影响因素进行分析。研究结果表明,在启动阶段中低负荷反应条件下：①HRT12 h、CODcr600 mg/L、容积负荷1.2 kgCOD-cr/（m3·d）②HRT12 h、CODcr1 200 mg/L、容积负荷2.4 kgCODcr/（m3.d）;③HRT8 h、CODcr1 200 mg/L、容积负荷3.6 kgCODcr/（m3.d）,ABR反应器对CODcr均有较高的去除率。运行稳定后,ABR反应器的CODcr去除率在80%左右。     

Contributing institutional factors of rural environmental pollution in the process of modernization in China —In the perspective of the efficiency of environmental management system

With the development of rural pollution, its characteristic and institutional factor should be studied for pollution control through economics and sociology. Based on the data gathered from investigations by several government sectors, rural environmental pollution can be divided into two types by its sources: internal source type and external source type. The internal source type is the main component of rural pollution at present, which can be further divided into three types. Research shows that the contributing institutional factors of rural pollution issues and the effectiveness of environmental management system over rural pollution can be summarized as distinctiveness. In essence, the rural pollution issue results from the dualism of rural and urban areas’ inadaptability to rural modernization. In detail, the contributing factors can be summed up on three institutional levels. There are obvious loopholes in rural environmental management system which, in the meantime, is incapable and inadaptable to rural pollution control. There exist similar questions in the related public service system, which are intensified by inappropriate reform which brought about incompatible incentive in the recent years. However, in the eleventh five-year plan period, there are advantageous trends in the three institutional levels. Main data sources in this paper: ➀ the surveys on TVEs (township and village enterprises) conducted by Township Enterprise Bureau of Ministry of Agriculture of China in 1997 and 2002; ➁ the partial survey on rural environmental conditions by EPA (environmental protection administration) of Zhejiang Province in 2002; ➂ the survey on the pollution of IPLFs (livestock and poultry farms) in 23 provinces, municipalities, and directly administered cities by the State Environmental Protection Administration of China in 2002; ➃ the research report on Mechanism of Investment and Financing for Environmental Protection by China Council for International Environment and Development Cooperation in 2003; ➄ the third investigation on national hygiene service in 2003; ➅ the regular monitoring of safe quality of agricultural products by the Ministry of Agriculture of China in 2005; ➆ the investigation arranged by the Ministry of Health which finished in 2007 and showed the total situation of rural environmental health and drinking water security of the whole country.     

胺基官能基化的HMS吸附水体中的腐殖酸

研究了胺基表面官能化前后的HMS(hexagonal mesoporous silica)对腐殖酸的吸附, Freundlich方程拟合结果表明,表面官能化后吸附常数K值由0.56提高至105,反映出表面官能化能显著改善HMS对腐殖酸的吸附,且低pH值条件下吸附效果更佳.表征结果显示,腐殖酸分子主要吸附在表面胺化HMS的中孔孔道内,并首先占据吸附剂中较大的中孔孔道.吸附动力学结果显示腐殖酸在表面胺化的HMS上吸附符合二级动力学,吸附速率主要受孔道内扩散控制.     

SBR无厌氧段实现生物除磷

研究了SBR在模拟城市生活污水处理中的除磷效果.结果表明, SBR在进水后未经过传统除磷理论认为所必须的厌氧段而直接好氧曝气,废水中磷的浓度仍下降较快.在曝气时间为4h,进水COD浓度为400mg·L-1左右,反应过程中pH值7.0±0.2时,进水中TP浓度由15-20mg·L-1降到1mg·L-1以下,磷的去除效率达到90%以上.反应过程中传统的储能物质多β-羟基烷酸盐(PHA)基本保持不变且含量较低(PHA浓度在5mg·L-l左右),聚合磷酸盐(聚磷)在4h好氧阶段呈先下降后上升的趋势(好氧开始时聚磷含量为83.034mg· g-1,好氧1h时污泥中聚磷含量为79.980mg·g-1,好氧结束时聚磷含量为83.086mg·g-1),在0.5h沉淀和3.5h静置期内聚磷没有明显的水解现象.此研究表明在无厌氧段、无PHA合成而直接好氧曝气,聚磷菌亦能将废水中磷酸盐合成聚磷,通过排除富磷污泥而达到除磷目的,这和传统的理论与研究有所区别.