北京市危险化学品安全生产技术支撑体系建设

1引言 近年来,在北京市委、市政府的领导下,各职能部门的协同努力下,北京市危险化学品安全生产工作取得了显著成绩,制定了一系列危险化学品安全生产管理规范,开展了危险化学品从业单位安全质量标准化活动,进一步提高了从业单位的安全生产管理水平,我市危险化学品安全生产状况总体趋向好转.     

恶臭假单胞菌Pseudomonas putida 5-x细胞壁膜系统的Cu2+吸附性能

对1株从电镀废水中分离出的革兰氏阴性菌恶臭假单胞菌P.putida 5-x的细胞表面组分对Cu²⁺的吸附性能进行了分析研究.结果表明,分离的P.putida 5-x细胞壁膜的Cu²⁺吸附容量是完整细胞的5倍之多.细胞表面组分如肽聚糖层、细胞外膜和细胞内膜在P.putida 5-x细胞壁膜的Cu²⁺吸附过程中都发挥了作用.肽聚糖层、细胞外膜和内膜在P.putida 5-x细胞壁膜中的含量依次为细胞内膜>外膜>肽聚糖层,而它们的Cu²⁺吸附容量的大小依次为肽聚糖层>外膜>内膜.在P.putida 5-x细胞壁膜对Cu²⁺的吸附过程中,肽聚糖层贡献了不到15%的吸附容量,而细胞外膜和内膜分别贡献了30%～35%和25%～30%.P.putida 5-x细胞外膜中的磷脂含量明显比其它报道的革兰氏阴性细菌的细胞外膜高,这可能是P.putida 5-x细胞外膜具有较高Cu²⁺吸附容量的主要原因,并由此导致P.putida 5-x细胞壁膜的高Cu2+吸附容量.     

连续起伏管道投产过程中的气相运移研究*

为应对山区液体管道在投产过程中可能出现的气阻、超压问题,从气相运移角度出发,建立液顶气模型,研究在1个U型单元内积气形成、压缩和破碎的全过程,在此基础上,提出连接各个U型单元的气相的传递函数,探讨背压累积因素下,连续起伏管道投产过程中各个U型管段的积气情况和压力的变化,进行动态的建模和计算。以国内某原油管道的现场投产数据与模型结果进行比对。结果表明:可以更加准确地预测山区液体管道投产过程中的气相传递和压力变化过程,能为未来连续起伏大落差液体管道投产的安全稳定运行提供理论指导和技术支持。     

强化风险意识 更新管理理念 全面创建HSE管理体系

介绍了胜利采油厂在HSE管理体系建立过程中重点开展的几项工作,总结了实践中的几点体会,并对下一步体系的运行和持续改进做出了规划。     

浅谈对重大危险源的有效控制

阐述了重大事故、重大危险源的定义,论述了有效控制重大危险源的必要性,并介绍了重大危险源控制系统的组成。在借鉴国外重大危险源控制系统的基础上,结合我国的实际安全生产管理的情况,对我国如何建立一个有效的重大危险源控制系统,分别从企业和政府两个方面提出了几点建议。     

天然沸石的加工技术及其在水处理中的应用

论述了天然沸石的吸附、离子交换和催化性能,介绍了沸石的超细粉碎、选矿提纯、化学增白、改性或改型、人工合成和再生等加工技术．从去除有机污染物、去除氨氮、降低氟含量、去除重金属离子、作污水滤料、消除放射性物质等方面回顾了沸石在水处理中的应用．并对应用前景和未来发展进行了展望。     

Theoretical equation of gas desorption of particle coal under the non-uniform pressure condition and its analytical solution

Based on the second Fick’s law, the theoretical equation of gas desorption of particle coal under the non-uniform pressure condition was developed in this paper. The analytical solution of the theoretical equation and the method of gas desorption quantity of particle coal under non-uniform pressure condition were obtained.     

Effect of spark duration on explosion parameters of methane/air mixtures in closed vessels

The paper outlines an experimental study on influence of the spark duration and the vessel volume on explosion parameters of premixed methane–air mixtures in the closed explosion vessels. The main findings from these experiments are: For the weaker ignition the spark durations in the range from 6.5 μs to 40.6 μs had little impact on explosion parameters for premixed methane–air mixtures in the 5 L vessel or 20 L vessel; For the same ignitions and volume fractions of methane in air the explosion pressures and the flame temperatures in both vessels of 5 L and 20 L were approximately the same, but the rates of pressure rises in both vessels of 5 L and 20 L were different; The explosion indexes obtained from the measured pressure time histories for both vessels of 5 L and 20 L were approximately equal; For the weaker ignition with the fixed spark duration 45 μs the ignition energies in the range from 54 mJ to 430 mJ had little impact on the explosion parameters; For the same ignition and the volume fractions of methane in air, the vessel volumes had a significant impact on the flame temperatures near the vessel wall; The flame temperatures near the vessel wall decreased as the vessel volumes increased.     

Experimental research into effects of obstacle on methane-coal dust hybrid explosion

An experimental system including pressure transducer, data acquisition card, computer and electric spark ignition device was set up to research methane-coal dust hybrid explosions in closed tubes with different types of obstacles inside. Its dynamic response time was less than a millisecond and the test precision was 0.1%. The experimental results show that the obstacles had great effects on the explosion characteristics in the tube. Hollow obstacles linked with inner wall of the tube induced faster pressure rising than installed center blocked solid obstacles. Obstacles with more sharp corner induce more violent explosions. The most dangerous explosion occurred when spacing between obstacles almost equaled the inner diameter of the tube for the same size obstacle.     

排烟风量变化对隧道集中排烟效率的影响

隧道集中排烟系统的排烟风量是影响火灾烟气抽排效果的关键参数.量化评价烟气抽排效果有利于排烟风机的优化选型.基于FDS的火灾燃烧过程的化学反应式得到隧道火灾烟气的质量生产速率,提出了排烟效率和排烟效能两个表征集中排烟系统烟控能力的计算公式.用基于大涡模拟的FDS软件对隧道火灾烟气进行数值模拟计算.对比研究表明,随着排烟风量的增大,机械排烟效率增大,机械排烟效能反而降低.风机排烟风量增大使多个排烟阀处发生吸穿现象,但风流短路并未降低整个排烟系统的排烟效率.根据研究结果给出了合理的风机排烟风量设计区间,确定三阳路道路隧道集中排烟系统的最佳排烟风量为170 m3/s,对应的排烟效率为96.3％.