Carbon Embodied in International Trade of China and Its Emission Responsibility

Carbon emissions embodied in international trade of China during 1997-2007 are accounted by input-output method based on Chinese input-output table and global trade analysis project database.It is revealed that carbon emissions embodied in imports and exports both increased during 1997-2007,but carbon emissions embodied in exports are greater than those embodied in imports,China is a net export nation in embodied carbon.The net exports of embodied carbon account for about 10.82% of the total carbon emissions in 1997,dropped to 7.15% in 2002,increased to13.13% in 2006,and slightly dropped to 12.64% in 2007.Low-end position of international industry division is an objective factor of being a net exporter of embodied carbon for China,and usage of a large amount of obsolete energy-using equipments wasted much energy and increased carbon emissions embodied in exports.Importers should take more responsibilities for carbon emissions embodied in trade,and China should take a certain responsibility for unreasonable energy dissipations too.     

炼油厂酸性水汽提装置存在的问题及对策

目前炼油厂酸性水汽提装置存在着诸如汽提净化水中氨含量过高、侧线抽出富氨气中硫化氢含量过高、汽提塔处理能力达不到设计负荷等问题。通过分析，提出了相应的改进对策，如加碱汽提、流程优化等。     

Quantifying the Effect of Ecological Restoration on Soil Erosion in China’s Loess Plateau Region: An Application of the MMF Approach

Land degradation due to erosion is one of the most serious environmental problems in China. To reduce land degradation, the government has taken a number of conservation and restoration measures, including the Sloping Land Conversion Program (SLCP), which was launched in 1999. A logical question is whether these measures have reduced soil erosion at the regional level. The objective of this article is to answer this question by assessing soil erosion dynamics in the Zuli River basin in the Loess Plateau of China from 1999 to 2006. The MMF (Morgan, Morgan and Finney) model was used to simulate changes in runoff and soil erosion over the period of time during which ecological restoration projects were implemented. Some model variables were derived from remotely sensed images to provide improved land surface representation. With an overall accuracy rate of 0.67, our simulations show that increased ground vegetation cover, especially in forestlands and grasslands, has reduced soil erosion by 38.8% on average from 1999 to 2006. During the same time period, however, the change in rainfall pattern has caused a 13.1% ± 4.3% increase in soil erosion, resulting in a net 25.7% ± 8.5% reduction in soil erosion. This suggests that China’s various ecological restoration efforts have been effective in reducing soil loss.     

面向循环经济的信息服务协同管理平台研究

本研究面向循环经济企业、园区、政府和相关社会公众,以实现循环经济发展模式的小循环、中循环和社会大循环的融合为最终目标,以构建信息服务协同管理平台为主要途径,重点分析了平台建设的四方面必要性和三方面可行性。在此基础上,设计了平台的功能定位和体系架构。平台功能包括活动数据采集、活动数据不确定性分析与校准、企业绿色投入产出分析、循环经济效率指标评价、物质流与能量流可视化分析、园区循环经济协同度分析、宏观物质流分析和循环经济公共信息服务,平台的体系架构由交互层、逻辑层和数据层组成。     

考虑典型密集建筑群影响的爆炸超压空间分布规律分析

爆炸已逐渐成为影响人们生活的典型灾害,一旦在建筑密集的城市环境中发生爆炸事故,相应灾后评估工作是十分重要的,而爆炸灾害评估与爆炸超压空间分布密切相关。提出了一种与空间分布相关的爆炸灾害评估方法,明确考虑建筑群影响的爆炸波传播机制及其影响因素分析,研究爆炸波能量衰减规律以及具有时变特点的超压空间分布规律,确定与破坏程度密切相关的3种典型超压影响范围。根据超压影响范围对单体建筑物以及密集建筑群中同一建筑物进行分区,确定3种区域的等压线位置,界定爆炸的影响范围。利用LS-DYNA软件进行模拟分析,分别建立炸药在刚性地面上单体建筑物及密集建筑群爆炸响应有限元分析模型,绘制建筑物上的等压曲线,得出影响建筑物上超压分布的主要因素主要为比例距离和建筑群密集程度。     

基于HJ-1B卫星数据的草原火烧迹地提取及灾前可燃物特征分析

以2012年4月20日在蒙古国发生的特大草原火为例,用HJ-1B卫星CCD影像数据作为数据源,采用支持向量机分类方法提取火烧迹地,再用目视解译数据进行精度验证,总精度达到82.71%,Kappa系数为0.666 8,达到高度一致水平。对灾前的植被指数进行分析后,发现NDVI值小于0.1的比例为0.46%,大于0.1的比例为99.54%,因此能够判定当NDVI值大于0.1时,发生和蔓延草原火的概率较高。     

爵床的化学成分研究

为了研究爵床全草中具有血管紧张素转化酶抑制活性的化学成分,从爵床全草95%乙醇提取物中分离并鉴定了13个化合物:芹菜素(1)、槲皮素7-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖甙(2)、木犀草素7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(3)、洋芹素7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(4)、洋芹素7-O-新橙皮甙(5)、β-谷甾醇(6)、β-胡萝卜甙(7)、东莨菪素(8)、羽扇豆醇乙酸酯(9)、环桉烯醇(10)、木栓酮(11)、木栓醇(12)、积雪草酸(13).HPLC检测结果证明,该植物中还存在木犀草素(14)和槲皮素(15).其中化合物1、14和15为爵床中具有血管紧张素转化酶抑制活性的成分.图1表2参28     

环境综合分析报告中数据统计问题的探讨

数据统计是编制环境质量综合分析报告的基础与支撑,其优劣程度关系到整个报告的质量。目前报告所需数据涉及领域广泛,统计分析过程影响因素复杂。文章就报告编制过程中进行数据处理工作时存在的问题予以初步探讨,并提出可行的建议与对策。     

Effects of natural organic matter on cadmium mobility in paddy soil: A review

Cadmium (Cd) contamination in paddy soil has caused public concern. The uptake of Cd by rice plants depends on soil Cd mobility, which is in turn substantially influenced by organic matter (OM). In this review, we first summarize the fate of Cd in soil and the role of OM. We then focus on the effects of OM on Cd mobility in paddy soil and the factors influencing the remedial effectiveness of OM amendments. We further discuss the performance of straw incorporation in the remediation of Cd-contaminated paddy soils reported in laboratory and field studies. Considering the huge production of organic materials (such as straw) in agriculture, the use of natural OM for soil remediation has obvious appeal due to the environmental benefits and low cost. Although there have been successful application cases, the properties of OM amendments and soil can significantly affect the remedial performance of the OM amendments. Importantly, straw incorporation alone does not often decrease the mobility of Cd in soil or the Cd content in rice grains. Careful evaluation is required when considering natural OM amendments, and the factors and mechanisms that influence their remedial effectiveness need further investigation in paddy soil with realistic Cd concentrations.