Numerical Simulation of Light/Dark Cycle Frequency of Microalgae Fluid in a Helical Tubular Photobioreactor for Carbon Dioxide Capture

In the present study, three-dimensional numerical simulations are conducted on hydrodynamics and light-intensity distribution of microalgae fluid flow in a helical tubular photobioreactor for CO₂ capture. The effect of incident direction of the light illumination is discussed and the light/dark cycle frequency experienced by the microalgae fluid in the cross-section of the photobioreactor is investigated. The simulation results reveal the steadily nonhorizontal and unsymmetrical Dean roll-cells of the microalgae fluid flow in the cross-section of the helical tube. The external light projecting onto the helical tubular photobioreactor from the center is a better way for microalgae cultivation. The light/dark cycle frequency of the microalgae fluid flow is calculated based on the light-intensity distribution inside the photobioreactor. The light/dark cycle frequency keeps constant for the same stream trace of the microalgae flow while varies with different flow regions. Meanwhile, the light/dark cycle frequency increases with the increase in microalgae fluid velocity. The suitable demarcation between the light and the dark zone depends on the shape and the location of the Dean roll-cells.     

紫根水葫芦对富营养化水体中氮磷的净化效果研究

以普通水葫芦和紫根水葫芦为试材,分别在室内和室外条件下,研究了两种水葫芦对富营养化水体中氮磷污染物的净化效果。结果表明:经过18d试验,不同条件下两种水葫芦均可提高水体中NH4+-N、NO3--N、TN、PO43--P、DTP和TP的去除率,且超过90%,但紫根水葫芦对氮磷污染物的去除率和去除速率均优于普通水葫芦。室内条件下,两种水葫芦均可降低碱性水体的pH值,紫根水葫芦组EC值高于普通水葫芦组的原因可能是由于其庞大的根系分泌了更多的化感物质;紫根水葫芦组ρ(DO)和ORP值均高于普通水葫芦组,表现出更好的水质净化效果。室外条件下,紫根水葫芦组水体中藻类的数量下降了4个数量级,明显好于普通水葫芦组和对照组。试验表明,紫根水葫芦不仅对富营养化水体中氮磷污染物的净化效果优于普通水葫芦,而且对水体理化指标的影响和藻类的去除效果均优于普通水葫芦,可以作为一种新型改良植物品种对富营养化水体进行修复。     

基于BAS-BP模型的风暴潮灾害损失预测

风暴潮灾害是中国沿海地区最严重的灾害之一,近年来由其带来的经济损失均占海洋灾害总损失的90%以上,因此构建一个简单准确的损失预估模型显得尤为重要。本文以现有风暴潮灾害研究为基础建立了基于天牛须搜索（beetle antennae search）优化的BP神经网络模型,将其应用到风暴潮灾害经济损失预评估中。本文收集了福建省1994~2016年记录比较完善的29个风暴潮灾害损失数据,建立风暴潮灾害损失预评估指标体系并利用熵值法对指标因子进行预处理,消除数据冗余信息对预测的影响。对模型进行仿真测试,结果表明,与标准BP神经网络相比新模型有效避免了网络陷入局部极小值的可能,且与常规优化算法相比,克服了训练时间长、收敛速度慢的缺点,具有更好的鲁棒性和预测精度。     

Influence of extracellular polymeric substances from activated sludge on the aggregation kinetics of silver and silver sulfide nanoparticles

• The NPs aggregation in the electrolyte solution is consistent with the DLVO theory. • In NaNO₃ and low Ca(NO₃)₂, EPS alleviates the NPs aggregation by steric repulsion. • In high Ca(NO₃)₂, EPS accelerates the NPs aggregation by exopolysaccharide bridging. • Ag₂S NPs have stronger stability compared with Cit-Ag NPs in aqueous systems. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) could affect interactions between nanoparticles and alter their migration behavior. The influence mechanisms of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and silver sulfide nanoparticles (Ag₂S NPs) aggregated by active EPS sludge were studied in monovalent or divalent cation solutions. The aggregation behaviors of the NPs without EPS followed the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory. The counterions aggravated the aggregation of both NPs, and the divalent cation had a strong neutralizing effect due to the decrease in electrostatic repulsive force. Through extended DLVO (EDLVO) model analysis, in NaNO₃ and low-concentration Ca(NO₃)₂ (<10 mmol/L) solutions, EPS could alleviate the aggregation behaviors of Cit-Ag NPs and Ag₂S NPs due to the enhancement of steric repulsive forces. At high concentrations of Ca(NO₃)₂ (10‒100 mmol/L), exopolysaccharide macromolecules could promote the aggregation of Cit-Ag NPs and Ag₂S NPs by interparticle bridging. As the final transformation form of Ag NPs in water environments, Ag₂S NPs had better stability, possibly due to their small van der Waals forces and their strong steric repulsive forces. It is essential to elucidate the surface mechanisms between EPS and NPs to understand the different fates of metal-based and metal-sulfide NPs in WWTP systems.     

Method and mechanism of chromium removal from soil: a systematic review

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Heavy metal pollution has increasingly affected human life, and the treatment of heavy metal pollution, especially chromium pollution, is still a...     

Prefabrication decisions of the construction supply chain under government subsidies

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Prefabrication has been generating increasing interest as a cleaner production strategy to promote sustainable development. Alongside this trend,...     

Study on dust–gas coupling pollution law and selection of optimal purification distance of air duct during tunneling process

During the excavation of high gas mine, gas and dust often exist at the same time. In order to ensure that the gas concentration remains within a safe range and minimize the risk of workers’ pneumoconiosis, we simulated the interaction mechanism of airflow, gas, and dust, explored the pollution law of gas and dust, and obtained the optimal purification distance (L_p) by the CFD method. The reliability of the numerical simulation was verified by field measurements. Firstly, the properties of the gas and dust affected the structure of the airflow field. At the same time, the change in the airflow field affected the concentration distributions of the gas and dust. During the diffusion process, some high-risk regions in which the gas or dust concentrations exceeded 0.80% or 200 mg/m³, respectively, were discovered. Moreover, we have found that the airflow velocity in the top region of the tunnel and at the intersection corner between the cutting face and tunnel wall was the main factor affecting the purification effects. When L_p = 5–8 m, the gas concentration remained below 0.50%. When L_p = 6 m, the dust concentration reached a minimum of 287.5 mg/m³. Therefore, the optimal purification distance was determined to be 6 m; in which case, the gas and dust concentrations decreased by 32.84% and 47.02%, respectively.

     

城市地下道路V形区段坡度构成对烟气扩散和重点排烟效果的影响研究*

为了研究城市地下道路V形区段坡度构成对烟气扩散和重点排烟效果的影响,采用数值模拟手段,对V形区段内变坡点两侧不同坡度构成、排烟口的开启方式对烟气扩散和重点排烟效率的影响进行研究。研究结果表明:对于对称V形区段,采用重点排烟控制烟气相对容易,但对降低排烟道下方顶棚最高温度作用有限;针对非对称V形区段,烟气的自由扩散特性与变坡点两侧坡度差有关,增加大坡度侧的排烟口数量可以提高排烟效率,但要将烟气有效地控制在较小的范围内相对困难。实际运行中,应结合坡度的实际构成和烟气控制总目标,制定相应的排烟口开启策略。