工业企业规划环境影响评价的特点及案例研究——以山东太阳纸业有限公司"十一五"规划环境影响评价为例

以山东太阳纸业股份有限公司"十一五"规划环境影响评价为案例,探讨了工业企业规划环境影响评价的特点、总体思路、评价方法和指标体系的建立,根据规划实施后所涉及的主要环境问题和当地环保要求的"不增加新鲜水量、不增加废水排放量、不增加主要污染物排量"的目标,结合南水北调水质保障规划要求,重点对水环境承载力进行了研究,运用情景分析法和模式预测法预测了纳污河流的环境容量,提出了规划实施后满足区域环境承载力的措施和建议.     

Natural and synthesised iron-rich amendments for As and Pb immobilisation in agricultural soil

The immobilisation of heavy metals in contaminated soils is a promising alternative to conventional remediation techniques. Very few studies have focused on the use of iron-rich nanomaterials and natural materials for the adsorption of toxic metals in soils. Synthesised iron-rich nanomaterials (Fe and Zr–Fe oxides) and natural iron-rich materials (natural red earth; NRE) were used to immobilise As and Pb in contaminated agricultural soil. Total concentrations of As and Pb in the initial soil (as control) were 170.76 and 1945.11 mg kg^?1, respectively. Amendments were applied into the soil at 1, 2.5 and 5% (w/w) in triplicate and incubated for 150 days. Except for the NRE-amended soil, soil pH decreased from 5.6 to 4.9 with increasing application rates of Fe and Zr–Fe oxides. With addition of Fe and Zr–Fe oxides at 5%, the ammonium acetate (NHO₄Ac)-extractable Pb was greatly decreased by 83 and 65% compared with NRE addition (43%). All subjected amendments also led to a decrease in NHO₄Ac-extractable As in the soils, indicating the high capacity of As immobilisation. Soil amended with NRE showed a lower ratio of cy19:0 to 18:1ω7c, indicating decreased microbial stress. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure produced results similar to the NHO₄Ac extraction for As and Pb. The NRE addition is recommended for immobilising heavy metals and maintaining biological soil properties.     

用动态的观点进行环境综合质量评价

强调用动态的观点进行环境质量评价,着重对如何从方法上体现这种观点进行了探索,提出了“变权”思想,设计了“权”调整公式,并依此对新疆库尔勒市环境综合质量进行了评价,其结果表明该方法在实际应用中是可行的,也是较合理的。     

Study on Economic growth,Urbanization and Sustainable Utilization of Cultivated Land in China

By means of the dynamic regression model, this paper analyzes the relationships among economic growth, urbanization and changes of cultivated land in China, finds that the ratio of cultivated land occupied by economic growth is decreasing with social and economic growth. And, based on that, some policy suggestions on how to promote the sustainable use of cultivated land in China are put forward.     

岩土工程施工中酸碱污染地基土检测方法研究

在岩土工程施工中对酸碱污染地的基土进行承载力学分析和受力检测,为指导岩土工程施工的开凿深度、混凝土配比等提供数据参考。提出基于刚度软化传递力学分析的岩土工程施工中酸碱污染地基土检测方法。构建酸碱污染地基土的本构力学分析模型,根据等效弹性应力和屈服强度关系计算酸碱污染地基土的延性力学参量,根据基土的承载力徐变关系得到酸碱污染地基土的承载屈服分布模型,实现酸碱污染地基土检测的力学检测。     

自制ZSM-5分子筛对甲苯气体的吸附-脱附性能

考察了自制ZSM-5分子筛对甲苯气体的吸附-脱附性能,并与市售MCM-22分子筛进行了对比实验。实验结果表明:在吸附温度为25℃、进口甲苯质量浓度为840mg/m3、吸附气体流速为0.016m/s、床层高度为15cm的条件下,出口甲苯质量浓度达到0.8mg/m3时的穿透时间为82min,吸附效率为4.26mg/g;在脱附温度为80℃、脱附气体流速为0.016m/s的条件下,脱附35min时出口甲苯质量浓度达到最大,为1220mg/m3。自制ZSM-5分子筛的吸附-脱附性能优于市售MCM-22分子筛。     

珠江三角洲典型城市机动车尾气排放的影响因素分析

机动车技术水平和道路路况是影响机动车尾气排放的两大因素。本文以中山、佛山和广州三个城市为代表城市,首先采用问卷调查和实时采集交通流视频的方式收集三个城市的机动车技术水平信息和道路路况,并分析了上述三个城市的燃油类型和累计行驶里程和交通流的分布特征。分析结果衰明,备城市的机动车技术水平特征及差距,其中广州的出租车、公交车已规模推广环保型燃料,各类车型燃料使用比例不同使得尾气成分有一定差异;广州公交车累计行驶里程和年均行驶里程分布较靠后,公交系统的使用率较高;出租车年均行驶里程低于佛山、中山。在交通流分布上,广州总交通量大于中山;广州各级道路交通量呈梯度递减分布,小时交通量差距较大;中山仅国道承担较大范围的运输,其他各级道路分布形状统一,非工作类出行比例低。     

酸析+CASS+气浮工艺处理浆粕废水中试研究

根据粘胶纤维生产特点,对某厂浆粕黑液废水采用酸析+CASS+气浮工艺技术进行处理。中试研究表明:处理后出水COD<100mg/L、BOD<20mg/L、SS<70mg/L、色度<70倍、Zn<2.0mg/L,除色度外,各项指标可以满足GB89781996一级排放标准要求。并且根据中试装置的运行进行了经济技术分析,为工程设计提供理论依据。     

响应面法优化TiO2光催化预处理树脂废水

为探讨不同环境因素对TiO₂光催化对树脂废水预处理效果的影响,采用响应面法对影响树脂废水Ti0₂光催化处理过程中的3个主要因素pH、TiO₂量及废水初始COD进行优化,并以COD去除率为响应值。经统计学分析和响应面模型建立,确定了悬浮态TiO₂光催化处理树脂废水的最佳控制条件为:pH值4.06、TiO₂投加量2.45 g/L、初始COD 2 007mg/L。在因素最优组合的条件下,废水COD去除率可达39.8%,与响应面模型最大预测值41%非常接近。与其他物化预处理方式相比,Ti0₂光催化对废水COD和挥发酚的去除率最高,且对废水生化性有很大提高,具有良好的应用前景。     

高浓度臭氧水溶液研究

采用涡流叶轮泵、射流器和喷嘴等物理方法可将高浓度臭氧气体（＞100g/m³）有效地溶解于水,使臭氧溶解率达到98.6％,臭氧水溶液的臭氧浓度达到8.06g/m³,生成无残留物的绿色强氧化药剂、强消毒杀菌剂．