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961.
Sunil Kumar Sharma 《International Journal of Green Energy》2016,13(14):1490-1500
This study forecasts day-ahead wind speed at 15 minute intervals at the site of a wind turbine located in Maharashtra, India. Wind speed exhibits non-stationarity, seasonality and time-varying volatility clustering. Univariate linear and non-linear time series techniques namely MSARIMA, MSARIMA-GARCH and MSARIMA-EGARCH have been employed for forecasting wind speed using data span ranging from 3 days to 15 days. Study suggests that mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) values first decrease with the increase in data span, reaches its minima and then start increasing. All models provide superior forecasting performances with 5 days data span. It is further evident that ARIMA-GARCH model generates lowest MAPE with 5 days data span. All these models provide superior forecasts with respect to current industry practices. This study establishes that employing various linear and non-linear time series techniques for forecasting day-ahead wind speed can benefit the industry in terms of better operational management of wind turbines and better integration of wind energy into the power system, which have huge financial implications for wind power generators in India. 相似文献
962.
Abhishek Kumar Awasthi Xianlai Zeng Jinhui Li 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(21):21141-21156
Waste electrical and electronic equipment (e-waste) is the most rapidly growing waste stream in the world, and the majority of the residues are openly disposed of in developing countries. Waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) make up the major portion of e-waste, and their informal recycling can cause environmental pollution and health risks. Furthermore, the conventional disposal and recycling techniques—mechanical treatments used to recover valuable metals, including copper—are not sustainable in the long term. Chemical leaching is rapid and efficient but causes secondary pollution. Bioleaching is a promising approach, eco-friendly and economically feasible, but it is slower process. This review considers the recycling potential of microbes and suggests an integrated bioleaching approach for Cu extraction and recovery from WPCBs. The proposed recycling system should be more effective, efficient and both technically and economically feasible. 相似文献
963.
Avijit?DasEmail author KVSS?Krishna Rajeev?Kumar Anindya?Das Siladitya?Sengupta Joy?Gopal?Ghosh 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(22):22454-22466
Lead isotopic ratios (LIR) of eight common food items, street dust, coal, diesel, sediments, lead ore and rainwater from India have been reported for the first time in this paper. This study characterized the source and extent of lead pollution in the different foodstuff consumed in Kolkata, a major metropolis of eastern India. The atmospheric lead input to the food items, sold openly in busy roadside markets of the city, has been quantified. The mean 207/206 and 208/206 LIRs of the eight food items ranged from 0.8847 to 0.8924 and 2.145 to 2.167, respectively. Diesel had the highest mean 207/206 and 208/206 values of 0.9015 and 2.1869, respectively, apart from the lead ore. The food items had a mean lead concentration between 3.78 and 43.35 mg kg?1. The two ratio scatter plots of all the different environmental matrices were spread linearly between the uncontaminated Ichapur sediment and diesel. The 207/206 LIRs of the coal with a mean of 0.8777 did not fall in the linear trend, while the street dust and food samples overlapped strongly. The rainwater sample had a 207/206 LIR of 0.9007. Contaminated sediments in Dhapa, the repository of the city’s municipal garbage, had a mean 207/206 LIR of 0.8658. The corresponding value obtained from the sewage-fed vegetable grown there was 0.8058. The present study indicated that diesel was one of the main contributor to Pb pollution. The atmospheric lead contribution to the food items was in the range of 68.48–86.66 %. 相似文献
964.
P. Rajiv Sivaraj Rajeshwari Venckatesh Rajendran 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(21):12364-12371
The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of Parthenium-mediated compost on Eudrilus eugeniae during the process of vermicomposting. Nine different concentrations of Parthenium hysterophorus and cow dung mixtures were used to assess toxicity. The earthworms’ growth, fecundity and antioxidant enzyme levels were analysed every 15 days. The antioxidant activities of enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)], considered as biomarkers, indicate the biochemical and oxidative stresses due to the toxin from Parthenium weeds. The earthworms’ growth, biomass gain, cocoon production and antioxidant enzymes were in a low level in a high concentration of P. hysterophorus (without cow dung). The results clearly indicated that appropriate mixing of P. hysterophorus quantity is an essential factor for the survival of earthworms without causing any harm. 相似文献
965.
Anjil Kumar Srivastava Ravi Ranjan Kumar Ashok Kumar Singh 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(24):13979-13986
Municipal solid wastes (MSW) are unavoidable sources of environmental pollution. Improper disposal of municipal waste results in the leaching of toxic metals and organic chemicals, which can contaminate the surface and ground water leading to serious health hazard. In this study, the toxic effects of the leachate prepared from municipal solid waste samples were examined in root meristem cells of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) at various stages of cell cycle, i.e., G1, S, and G2. Seeds of barley were exposed to 2.5, 5, and 10 % of leachates in soil and aqueous media in 48 h at different cell cycle stages. The physicochemical data of the present study revealed that municipal solid waste leachate contains high amount of heavy metals, which significantly affected growth and physiological activities of barley. Significant inhibition in hypocotyl length, germination, and mitotic index were observed at all concentration of leachate treatment. Induction of chromosomal aberrations (CA’s) and micronuclei (MN) formation were also observed with different concentrations of leachate treatment at 7, 17, and 27 h of presoaking durations, which falls in G1, S, and G2 phase of the cell cycle, respectively. Also, exposure of leachate at S phase of the cell cycle had significant effects in barley through chromosomal aberration and micronuclei formation. 相似文献
966.
Robert Paine Carlos Szembek David Heinold Eladio Knipping Naresh Kumar 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2014,64(12):1390-1402
Emissions of pollutants such as SO2 and NOx from external combustion sources can vary widely depending on fuel sulfur content, load, and transient conditions such as startup, shutdown, and maintenance/malfunction. While monitoring will automatically reflect variability from both emissions and meteorological influences, dispersion modeling has been typically conducted with a single constant peak emission rate. To respond to the need to account for emissions variability in addressing probabilistic 1-hr ambient air quality standards for SO2 and NO2, we have developed a statistical technique, the Emissions Variability Processor (EMVAP), which can account for emissions variability in dispersion modeling through Monte Carlo sampling from a specified frequency distribution of emission rates. Based upon initial AERMOD modeling of from 1 to 5 years of actual meteorological conditions, EMVAP is used as a postprocessor to AERMOD to simulate hundreds or even thousands of years of concentration predictions. This procedure uses emissions varied hourly with a Monte Carlo sampling process that is based upon the user-specified emissions distribution, from which a probabilistic estimate can be obtained of the controlling concentration. EMVAP can also accommodate an advanced Tier 2 NO2 modeling technique that uses a varying ambient ratio method approach to determine the fraction of total oxides of nitrogen that are in the form of nitrogen dioxide. For the case of the 1-hr National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS, established for SO2 and NO2), a “critical value” can be defined as the highest hourly emission rate that would be simulated to satisfy the standard using air dispersion models assuming constant emissions throughout the simulation. The critical value can be used as the starting point for a procedure like EMVAP that evaluates the impact of emissions variability and uses this information to determine an appropriate value to use for a longer term (e.g., 30-day) average emission rate that would still provide protection for the NAAQS under consideration. This paper reports on the design of EMVAP and its evaluation on several field databases that demonstrate that EMVAP produces a suitably modest overestimation of design concentrations. We also provide an example of an EMVAP application that involves a case in which a new emission limitation needs to be considered for a hypothetical emission unit that has infrequent higher-than-normal SO2 emissions.
ImplicationsEmissions of pollutants from combustion sources can vary widely depending on fuel sulfur content, load, and transient conditions such as startup and shutdown. While monitoring will automatically reflect this variability on measured concentrations, dispersion modeling is typically conducted with a single peak emission rate assumed to occur continuously. To realistically account for emissions variability in addressing probabilistic 1-hr ambient air quality standards for SO2 and NO2, the authors have developed a statistical technique, the Emissions Variability Processor (EMVAP), which can account for emissions variability in dispersion modeling through Monte Carlo sampling from a specified frequency distribution of emission rates. 相似文献
967.
Wazir Singh Lakra Uttam Kumar Sarkar Rupali Sani Kumar Ajay Pandey Vineet Kumar Dubey Om Prakash Gusain 《The Environmentalist》2010,30(4):306-319
In the present communication habitat ecology, species diversity; distribution and different indices of fish biodiversity management
were studied in a Central India river (River Betwa, a tributary of River Ganga basin approved under India’s first river linking
plan). Correlation between fish species richness with the hydrological attributes showed good relationship and water depth,
dissolved oxygen and pH were found the most important variables in shaping fish assemblage. Altogether, sixty-three fish species
belonging to 20 families and 45 genera were collected from five sampling stations spread along the upstream, mid stream and
lower streams. Cyprinids were the most dominated group represented by 26 species belonging to 15 genera, followed by Bagridae
(6 species from 3 genera), and Schilbeidae (4 species from 4 genera). The distribution of fish showed interesting pattern
and about 10% species were common to all the sites showing long migration range. Shannon-Weiner diversity index showed considerable
variation and ranged from 1.89 to 3.51. Out of 63 species status of 10 species were not known due to data deficit, 29 categorized
as lower risk, 14 as vulnerable, 8 as endangered, while the remaining two species were introduced. Our study shows that the
River supports considerable diversity of the fishes and is important for conservation and about 34% fish fauna is threatened
being either vulnerable or endangered. We assessed that the river supports considerable percentage of food fish (89.47), ornamental
fish (49.12%) and sport fish (5.26%). Among the eight major types of fish habitats identified along the entire stretch of
river, open river, shallow water and deep pools were habitats contributing maximum diversity. Fish species richness (FSR)
were significantly different (P < 0.05) in all the habitats except channel confluence and scour pool. Trophic niche model may be useful for assessing altered
as well as less altered fish habitat of the tropical rivers. Since this river will be interlinked in near future, this study
would be useful for conservation planning and management and also for future assessment after interlinking. Issues related
to various threats to aquatic environment and conservation management strategies have been discussed. 相似文献
968.
969.
Earthworms’ body works as a ‘biofilter’ and they have been found to remove the 5 days’ BOD (BOD5) by over 90%, COD by 80–90%, total dissolved solids (TDS) by 90–92%, and the total suspended solids (TSS) by 90–95% from
wastewater by the general mechanism of ‘ingestion’ and biodegradation of organic wastes, heavy metals, and solids from wastewater
and also by their ‘absorption’ through body walls. Earthworms increase the hydraulic conductivity and natural aeration by
granulating the clay particles. They also grind the silt and sand particles, increasing the total specific surface area, which
enhances the ability to ‘adsorb’ the organics and inorganic from the wastewater. Intensification of soil processes and aeration
by the earthworms enable the soil stabilization and filtration system to become effective and smaller in size. Suspended solids
are trapped on top of the vermifilter and processed by earthworms and fed to the soil microbes immobilized in the vermifilter.
There is no sludge formation in the process which requires additional expenditure on landfill disposal. This is also an odor-free
process and the resulting vermifiltered water is clean and disinfected enough to be reused for farm irrigation and in parks
and gardens
G. Bharambe—GU & Research Assistant (Under Rajiv K. Sinha), U. Chaudhari—GU (Worked on vermiculture project). 相似文献
970.
Jaya Kumar S Naik KA Ramanamurthy MV Ilangovan D Gowthaman R Jena BK 《Journal of environmental management》2008,89(1):35-44
The 26th December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami devastated coastal regions of the Indian subcontinent. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, coastal stretches of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala were the most affected regions of India. Changes in the beach profiles, long shore currents, breaking wave characteristics in the surf zone at selected locations along the Tamil Nadu coast were studied during January, April, October 2005 and January 2006. Long shore sediment transport rates were estimated from the observed parameters. Studies were carried out earlier (1995-1996 and 1998) to understand the coastal environment over a one-year cycle in the study region. The post-tsunami observations were compared with the earlier studies to establish the variations in the littoral environment and to ascertain the normalcy of the littoral environment in the post-tsunami scenario. From the changes in the beach profiles, the shoreline was observed to recede by about 20m and built-up of backshore by about 0.5m at most locations. Observations from the field investigations and comparisons with earlier studies along this stretch of the coastline indicate that the coastline is yet to return completely to normalcy. 相似文献