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71.
T. S. Panwar Rakesh K. Hooda H. Lihavainen A. P. Hyvarinen V. P Sharma Y. Viisanen 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(6):4753-4764
Continuous aerosol measurements were made at a regional background station (Mukteshwar) located in a rural Himalayan mountain terrain from December 2005 to December 2008 for a period of 3 years. The average concentrations of particulate matter less than or equal to 10 μm (PM10), particulate matter less than or equal to 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and black carbon (BC) are 46.0, 26.6 and 0.85 μg/m3 during the study period. Majority of the PM10 values lie below 100 μg/m3 while majority of the PM2.5 values lie below 30 μg/m3. It is further seen that during the monsoon months, especially July and August, the average values are comparatively low. It is also noted that the PM2.5/PM10 ratios between 0.50 and 0.75 have the maximum frequency distribution in the data set. Furthermore, the monthly mean ratio of BC to PM2.5 mass lies between 3.0 and 7.5 % during the study period. Though the average PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations during the study period are less than the respective Indian ambient air quality standards, however, they are still above the WHO guidelines and would have adverse health impacts. This shows that even in rural/background regions that are far away from major pollution sources or urban areas, the aerosol concentrations are significant and require long-term monitoring, source quantification and aerosol model simulations. 相似文献
72.
Kurian Joseph S. Rajendiran R. Senthilnathan M. Rakesh 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2012,14(2):75-84
Management of municipal solid waste is a major problem for most of the Indian cities due to the growing urban population and per capita waste generation rate, inadequate public participation and the deplorable organizational and financial capacities of urban local bodies. This article highlights the interventions required for sustainable solid waste management in Indian cities by analyzing the waste generation, collection, and disposal scenario of a metro city in India along with the regulatory and institutional frame work. It advocates a phased and integrated approach taking into account the operational hurdles and the capacity building of local bodies with the support of educational organizations. 相似文献
73.
Rakesh Kumar Mahajan Ajar Kamal Naresh Kumar Vandana Bhalla Manoj Kumar 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(5):3086-3097
The construction and electrodes characteristics of poly(vinylchloride) (PVC)-based polymeric membrane electrode (PME) and coated graphite electrode (CGE), incorporating 1,3-alternate thiacalix[4]crown as ionophore for estimation of Hg(II) ions, are reported here. The best potential response was observed for PME-1 having membrane composition of: ionophore (6.2 mg), PVC (100.0 mg), 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether (2-NPOE; 200.0 mg), and sodium tetraphenyl borate (NaTPB; 2.0 mg); for CGE-1 with the membrane composition: ionophore (3.5 mg), PVC (40.0 mg), 2-NPOE (80.0 mg), and NaTPB (2.0 mg). The electrodes exhibits Nernstian slope of 29.16 mV/decade with PME-1 and 30.39 mV/decade with CGE-1 for Hg(II) ions over wide concentration range, i.e., 1.0?×?10?1 to 5.0?×?10?6?M with PME-1 and 1.0?×?10?1 to 5.0?×?10?7?M with CGE-1. Lower detection limits were found to be 9.77?×?10?6?M for PME-1 and 7.76?×?10?7?M for CGE-1 with response time varying from 10 to 20 s. Also, these electrodes work within pH range of 2.0–6.0 for PME-1 and 1.5–6.5 for CGE-1. Overall, CGE-1 has been found to be better than PME-1. CGE-1 has been used as indicator electrode for the potentiometric titration of Hg(II) ions with EDTA as well as successfully applied for determination of Hg(II) content in wastewater, insecticide, dental amalgam, and ayurvedic medicines samples with very good performance (0.9974 correlation coefficient in the comparison against volumetric method). 相似文献
74.
S. R. Naik Rakesh Aggarwal S. N. Semwal Sanjay Kumar Krishna Gopal P. K. Seth 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1996,43(1):93-99
We studied the quality of water obtained using a new method of tapping underground water seepages by digging shallow water collection chambers in the Almora Hills of the state of Uttar Pradesh, India; quality of this water was compared with that of water obtained using traditional water sources in this region, namely naulas (surface seepages) and springs.Water from both the new and the traditional water sources had an excess of chromium and, in some samples, of iron and lead. Microbiological analysis showed that water from new water sources was safer than that obtained from tradional sources; however, only 40% of the shallow seepages provided water conforming to WHO standards on water quality.We conclude that tapping of underground water seepages may be a useful method of providing potable water to populations living in the hills. However, further improvement is necessary in the maintenance of the clean catchment area and in disposal of waste water from these water sources to ensure water quality. 相似文献
75.
Rakib Md.Refat Jahan Rahman Md. Asrafur Onyena Amarachi Paschaline Kumar Rakesh Sarker Aniruddha Hossain M. Belal Islam Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam Md. Saiful Rahman Md. Mostafizur Jolly Yeasmin Nahar Idris Abubakr M. Ali Mir Mohammad Bilal Muhammad Sun Xian 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(45):67532-67558
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The coastal zone of Bangladesh, with a population density of 1278 people per square kilometer, is under serious threat due to heavy metal pollution.... 相似文献
76.
77.
M. M. Reddy Rahul K. Gupta Rakesh K. Gupta S. N. Bhattacharya R. Parthasarathy 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2008,16(1):27-34
The best approach to induce oxo-biodegradation in polyethylene is the use of special additives known as pro-oxidants. Pro-oxidants
accelerate abiotic oxidation and subsequent polymer chain cleavage rendering the product apparently more susceptible to biodegradation.
In this work, the abiotic oxidation is studied to understand how the addition of nanoclay affects the oxidation rate and the
degradation mechanism of oxo-biodegradable polyethylene. In order to achieve this, the following materials were used in this
study: (1) polyethylene (PE), (2) oxo-biodegradable polyethylene (OPE), (3) polyethylene nanocomposite (PENac), and (4) oxo-biodegradable
polyethylene nanocomposite (OPENac). Wide-Angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) studies
reveal that grafting in the preparation of composites helps to achieve mixed intercalated/exfoliated morphology in PENac and
OPENac. Abiotic oxidation was carried out in an oven for a period of 14 days at 70 °C with air supply. The effect of abiotic
oxidation was evaluated by measuring the changes in tensile strength, elongation at break, carbonyl index and molecular weight.
Results show that OPE and OPENac are more susceptible to oxidation than PENac. The molecular weight distribution data obtained
from GPC reveal that the addition of nanoclay does not alter the oxidation mechanism in OPE significantly. 相似文献