我国固体废物处理行业2007年发展综述

本文简要论述了我国固体废物处理行业2007年的发展概况、存在的问题及促进固体废物处理行业发展的主要对策.     

Characterization of different road dusts in opencast coal mining areas of India

Dust from haul and transport roads are the major source of air pollution in opencast coal mining areas. Dust generated during mining operations pollutes air which causes different health problems. Various available techniques are implemented in the field to minimize and control dust in mining areas. However, they are not very effective because dust deposited on road surfaces are not removed by these techniques. For effective control of dust in opencast mining areas, it has to be regularly collected from road surfaces and may be converted into solid form, and subsequently can be used as a domestic fuel considering its physicochemical properties. The present paper describes a comparative study of qualitative and quantitative aspects of road dust samples of four coalfields of India. The pH of the dust was found to be in the range of 5.1–7.7. Moisture, ash, volatile matter, fixed carbon, water-holding capacity, bulk density, and specific gravity of dust samples were found to be in the range of 0.5–3.0%, 45–76%, 12.6–20.0%, 10.2–45.3%, 21.17–31.71%, 1.15–1.70, and 1.73–2.30 g cm⁻³, respectively. Observing the overall generation and characteristics of coal dust, it is suggested that coal dust from haul and transport roads of mining areas can be effectively collected and used as domestic fuel.     

洪泽湖地区土地利用与景观格局演变

基于多时点 TM/ETM影像解译数据,运用遥感、GIS和景观生态学方法,分析洪泽湖地区近 18 a的土地利用变化和景观格局演变过程,揭示该地区内各种土地利用时空变化特征,并得出3个时期景观类型分布特征、景观格局变化的趋势及特征。结果表明：（1）区域内土地利用变化显著,整体处于不平衡的状态,主要表现为耕地持续减少、建设用地迅速增加、林地先增后减及草地和水域略有增加;（2）研究区景观结构和景观异质性发生了较大变化,斑块数目增加、平均斑块面积减少,景观多样性指数、景观均匀度指数总体上升,在区域景观破碎化程度加剧的同时,各景观类型间差异缩小,景观结构趋于多样化、均匀化和破碎化。最后,指出人类活动,尤其是经济建设是土地利用景观格局变化的主要因素,并对地区的生态可持续发展提出了相应建议     

我国城市生活垃圾处理行业2007年发展综述

本文简述了2007年国内城市生活垃圾处理的总体状况,归纳了2007年国家发布及实施的有关标准与政策以及在实施中存在的主要问题;重点分析了城市生活垃圾填埋、焚烧和堆肥的现状,并对行业的发展进行了展望.     

至2050年中国生态高值农业体系建设特征与目标

2010年6月7日,国家主席胡锦涛在两院（中国科学院、中国工程院）院士大会上针对农业科技明确指出：构建我国生态高值农业和生物产业体系,建成农业高值转化的产业体系。本文对＂生态高值农业＂进行论述。所谓生态,就是要体现农业既能为社会提供安全优质的农产品又能实现农业资源的永续利用,将农业纳入可持续发展的道路;所谓高值,就是要体现农业有很高的土地产出率、投入产出率、劳动生产率。因此,＂生态高值农业＂是集约化经营与生态化生产有机结合的现代农业。它以健康消费需求为导向,以提高农业市场竞争力和可持续发展能力为核心,兼有高投入、高产出、高效益与可持续发展的双重特性,是转变农业增长方式、提高农业综合生产能力的集中体现。     

煤烟粒子中PAHS光化学降解的动力学

 利用TEFLON薄膜室内光化学烟雾箱研究了光强、湿度和温度对燃煤烟颗粒物上多环芳烃（PAH_s）的光化学降解速率的影响。结果表明，PAH_S光解速率常数随光强、湿度和温度的升高而增大。在冬季低光强和低水蒸汽浓度的条件下，PAH_s降解速率很小，可在大气中停留数日，因而可传输较远距离。在夏季高光强和高水蒸汽浓度条件下，PAH_s在数小时内即全部降解。通过对光强、水蒸汽浓度和温度的实验数据进行多元回归，得到了降解速率常数与各参数的函数式，即降解反应的动力学方程式。     

采用厚壁离心铸坯旋压成形大直径高纯铝筒工艺研究

此文介绍采用壁厚达90mm的离心铸坯,旋压成形大直径高纯铝筒的工艺试验。讨论了旋压中出现的各种问题,从而确定了合理的工艺参数,旋出了符合技术要求的大直径筒形件。     

Preliminary study of the correlation between trace elementsin human hair, liver and kidney by protoninduced X-ray emission analysis

This paper deals with the determination of trace elements in normal human hair, liver and kidney by Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) analysis. Sampling, specimen preparation and experimental procedures are described in detail. The accuracy of our system has been checked up with the determination of standard reference materials. The preliminary results on correlations between trace elements in human tissues are discussed. Application of the method described in the paper gives evidence in favour of the PIXE as a good tool on environmental life elements and health studies.     

海上溢油事故应急反应系统

该文给出了海上溢油事故应急反应系统的总体框架，并分析了系统的构成及其主要功能，为建立海上溢油事故应急反应系统提供参考。