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111.
Orrù R Cincotti A Concas A Cao G 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2003,10(6):385-389
The possibility of exploiting self-propagating reactions for environmental protection is discussed in this paper. In particular, results obtained at the laboratory scale and related to the fixation and consolidation of high level radioactive wastes, the recycling of silicon sludge and aluminum dross produced by semiconductor industries and aluminum foundries, the treating and recycling of a highly toxic solid waste from electrolytic zinc plants, and the degradation of chlorinated aromatics, are examined with particular emphasis on the latter case. Specifically, the self-propagating destruction of hexachlorobenzene and 2-(2-4-dichlorophenoxy)-propanoic acid with calcium hydride as reductive substrate is demonstrated. In fact, the heat liberated by the reactions involved is large enough to guarantee the self-sustaining character of the process within a wide range of reactants compositions. Moreover, no residual chlorinated organic compounds were found in the final solid product. Some reactor engineering aspects, as well as other significant future scientific and technological issues, are also addressed in view of large-scale applicability of processes based on self-propagating reactions. To date, the batch reactor technology seems to be more easily applicable, although the use of continuous reactors is not excluded in the next future. 相似文献
112.
Gennari M Ambrosoli R Nègre M Minati JL 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2002,37(4):297-305
Active microbial degraders of the herbicide prosulfocarb (PSC) were isolated to evaluate their performance in soil with a view to their use for bioremediation. The isolated cultures (a microbial consortium and a Pseudomonas sp. strain) were active when tested in mineral medium with PSC as the only carbon source, but had an adverse effect on the soil indigenous microflora. Biodegradation in the inoculated soils was thus lower than in the uninoculated soil when only the indigenous microflora was present. Further tests showed that the strong affinity of PSC for soil organic matter affected its bioavailability and hence its biodegradation by the inocula. Bioremediation of PSC contaminated soils could thus be undertaken by biostimulation of indigenous microflora. 相似文献
113.
114.
Ivan Macuzic Eva Giagloglou Marko Djapan Petar Todorovic Branislav Jeremic 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2016,22(4):514-522
Serbia is aligning with European Union requirements and the occupational safety and health (OSH) administration is one of the most representative sectors of this alignment. Many efforts were made in this field, by introducing new laws and regulations, but it turned out to be insufficient. OSH professionals need to renovate and strengthen their knowledge in accordance with continuous, updated and improved OSH standards and regulation. Lifelong learning (LLL) programmes can contribute to forming professionals who are always up to date. This paper presents an implemented LLL programme, over the duration of two academic years, dedicated to OSH professionals, and investigates whether this programme will be helpful and accepted by professionals. The results from the study show that the given LLL programme had indeed a positive influence on the professional careers of the participants and that the LLL presents the future trend in OSH education. 相似文献
115.
Sonia Mosca Giovanni Graziani Werner Klug Roberto Bellasio Roberto Bianconi 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》1998,32(24):993
This paper describes the statistical methodology applied to evaluate the performance of the long-range dispersion models that were used in the modelling activities of ETEX (European Tracer EXperiment). The availability of a large number of models makes this exercise rather unique. These models are used for the practical purpose to quantify the contamination effects over a vast area, following a hypothetical accidental release of harmful material. This makes the quality judgement that could be attributed to the results of each model particularly important.The statistical indicators considered to be the most effective for the evaluation of long-range dispersion models are introduced and commented, with specific examples in the frame of ETEX simulations. The importance of using several indices and critically interpreting the results is discussed. 相似文献
116.
Lucia Mastrorillo Roberto Mazza Fabio Manca Paola Tuccimei 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2016,20(6):423-441
The coastal aquifer of Rome is hosted in the Tiber River Delta depositional sequence, in a densely populated area, which was reclaimed at the end of the 19th century. Moderate salinization processes characterize this aquifer. Hydrogeological and hydrochemical surveys were carried out in October 2012 and February 2013 in the southern sector of the Delta. Hydrogeological surveys updated knowledge of groundwater morphology and a detailed conceptual hydrogeological model of the coastal aquifer was realized. Hydrochemical analyses helped to identify the salinization spatial distribution and to specify the main groundwater types. The most salinized water was not detected close to the coastline, where seawater intrusion processes would be expected, but in the inner areas. Moreover, the salinization processes resulted to be slightly marked. Results so far suggest that the source of salinization may be related more to a combination of land use and historical development of the Tiber River Delta, rather than to seawater. 相似文献
117.
Du?ica Ili? Ivan S. Risti? Ljubi?a Nikoli? Mihajlo Stankovi? Goran Nikoli? Ljiljana Stanojevi? Vesna Nikoli? 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2012,20(1):80-87
In this work was described poly(d,l-lactide) microwave synthesis using tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate initiated ring-opening polymerization. Polymerization was performed
at 100 °C with monomer to initiator molar ratio ([M]/[I]) of 5,000 in 30 min. The achieved number average molar mass of obtained
polymers (determined by gel permeation chromatography) was 102,320 g/mol, with the polydispersion index, Q, 2.80. Structural characterization was performed by FT-IR spectroscopy followed characteristic bands. For applicative purposes
the obtained polymer was purified during the procedure of microsphere preparation. Biodegradable microspheres prepared from
poly(d,l-lactide) have been widely studied in recent years and have become well established controlled drug delivery systems. In this
work microspheres were loaded with allyl thiosulfinate (allicin) and its transforments products (ajoene and vinyldithiine),
as pharmacological active substances. The morphology of the microspheres was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope.
Allicin was synthesized by acid oxidation of allyl disufide and purification of obtained products by liquid–liquid extraction
with diethyl ether. Obtained allicin, purity 73%, was transformed using microwave in acetone solution, at solvent boiling
temperature, for 5 min. For the quality and quantity analysis of allicin and its transformation process was used LC/MS chromatography.
(E)- and (Z)-ajoene were detected at retention time 3.1 and 3.3 min, respectively, whence 3-vynil-4H-1,2-dithiine and 2-vynil-4H-1,3-dithiine
were detected at 4.3 and 4.8 min, respectively. Retention time of allicin was 2.93 min, according to liquid chromatography
results. HPLC method was used for assessment of pharmaceutical substances (alicine and alicine transforments) releasing from
microspheres at room temperature in solutions with different pH (pH = 3 and pH = 8) for 24 h. 相似文献
118.
Ivan Holoubek Lea Houšková Zdenek Šeda Irena Holoubková Pavel Korínek Zbynek Bohácek 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(2):73-83
The samples of soils, earthworms and vegetation (needles, lichens, mosses) were collected for the realization of Project TOCOEN (Toxic Organic Compounds in the ENvironment). The samples were collected from three TOCOEN model areas in Czechoslovakia—one city and two rural areas. The samples were analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), chlorinated pesticides (C1‐PEST) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). 相似文献
119.
Alfred J. Vella Bernardette Mintoff Victor Axiak Dorita Agius Roberto Cassone 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(3-4):491-510
The speciation of organotins in seawater, surface microlayer and sediments in the marine environment of Malta is described. Concentrations of tributyltin (TBT) in bulk seawater inside the harbours were as high as 0.3 μg Sn L‐1 but were below detection limits (5 ng Sn L‐1) in open sea, 1.6 km offshore. In sediments, TBT levels were highest for the yacht marinas and ranged between 0.03 and 1.5 ug Sn g‐1. Dibutyltin is more common in the surface microlayer than TBT. Diphenyl and monophenyltin were found infrequently in bulk seawater and in sediments. Tetrasubstituted organotins, namely, MenBu(4_n)Sn, where n = 1, 2, and 3, were found frequently in TBT‐contaminated sediments (0.1–9μg Sng‐1), in seawater and in the microlayer where concentrations as high as 140 μg Sn L‐1 (Me3BuSn) were measured. Direct environmental methylation of TBT and that of its debutylated analogues may play a significant role in the geochemical cycling of tin under certain environmental conditions. 相似文献
120.
Arsenic bioaccessibility in a gold mining area: a health risk assessment for children 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ono FB Guilherme LR Penido ES Carvalho GS Hale B Toujaguez R Bundschuh J 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2012,34(4):457-465
High concentrations of total arsenic (As) have been measured in soils of gold mining areas of Brazil. However, bioaccessibility tests have not yet been conducted on those materials, which is essential for better health risk estimates. This study aimed at?evaluating As bioaccessibility in samples from a gold mining area located in Brazil and assessing children's exposure to As-contaminated materials. Samples were collected from different materials (a control and four As-contaminated soils/sediments) found in a gold mine area located in Paracatu (MG), Brazil. Total and bioaccessible As concentrations were determined for all samples. The control soil presented the lowest As concentrations, while all other materials contained high total As concentrations (up to 2,666?mg?kg(-1)) and low bioaccessible As percentage (<4.2%), indicating a low risk from exposure of resident children next to this area. The calculated dose of exposure indicated that, except for the pond tailings, in all other areas, the exposure route considering soil ingestion contributed at most to 9.7% of the maximum As allowed ingestion per day (0.3?μg?kg(-1) BW day(-1)). 相似文献