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31.
The persistence of an island of remnant vegetation within a tailings retention system provided an opportunity to conduct a pilot study to develop hypothesis concerning the impacts of acid spray and radiation on arid zone flora and fauna. Ecological changes were investigated by comparing species abundance and condition on both the study island and remote control areas. Hopbush (Dodonaea viscosa), geckos and a common ant species, Iridomyrmex rufoniger sp. B were abundant in control regions but absent from the study region, whereas densities of colonising plant species, Helea beetles and scorpions were unusually high at the impacted site. These disparities are probably attributable to acid spray at the impacted site and hence are potentially useful bioindicators of these impacts. Dragon and skink populations were apparently unaffected by the polluted ecosystem, although Ctenophorus nuchalis proved to be a significant bioaccumulator of radionuclides. Bioaccumulation of the radionuclides, 238U, 230Th, 210Pb and particularly 210Po were significantly greater than that reported elsewhere in the literature. Further radionuclide monitoring of herbivorous dragon species, possibly concentrating upon 210Po levels, was the suggested outcome of this pilot study. 相似文献
32.
Management effectiveness evaluation has been recognized as an important mechanism for both reporting on and improving protected
area management. The Convention on Biological Diversity’s program of work on protected areas calls on all countries to implement
such systems. In 2004, the first whole of system assessment of park management effectiveness, based on the IUCN-WCPA Management
Effectiveness Evaluation Framework, was undertaken in New South Wales, Australia as part of a State of the Parks reporting
requirement. This article describes the development of the State of the Parks assessment tool, its elements, and how it addresses
the management effectiveness difficulties associated with assessments conducted across an extensive and diverse range of park
types. The importance of engaging staff, at all levels, throughout the process is highlighted, as well as the adjustments
made to the assessment tool based on staff feedback. While some results are presented, the main purpose of the article is
to identify and discuss important procedural and methodological considerations. These include balancing quantitative and qualitative
assessment approaches, achieving a comprehensive understanding of the management processes, and responding to any problems
associated with assessments. 相似文献
33.
Lee J Rao PS Poyer IC Toole RM Annable MD Hatfield K 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2007,92(3-4):208-229
We report here on the extension of Passive Flux Meter (PFM) applications for measuring fluxes of oxyanions in groundwater, and present results for laboratory and field studies. Granular activated carbon, with and without impregnated silver (GAC and SI-GAC, respectively), was modified with a cationic surfactant, hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA), to enhance the anion exchange capacity (AEC). Langmuir isotherm sorption maxima for oxyanions measured in batch experiments were in the following order: perchlorate>chromate>selenate, consistent with their selectivity. Linear sorption isotherms for several alcohols suggest that surfactant modification of GAC and SI-GAC reduced (approximately 30-45%) sorption of alcohols by GAC. Water and oxyanion fluxes (perchlorate and chromate) measured by deploying PFMs packed with surfactant-modified GAC (SM-GAC) or surfactant-modified, silver-impregnated GAC (SM-SI-GAC) in laboratory flow chambers were in close agreement with the imposed fluxes. The use of SM-SI-GAC as a PFM sorbent was evaluated at a field site with perchlorate contamination of a shallow unconfined aquifer. PFMs packed with SM-SI-GAC were deployed in three existing monitoring wells with a perchlorate concentration range of approximately 2.5 to 190 mg/L. PFM-measured, depth-averaged, groundwater fluxes ranged from 1.8 to 7.6 cm/day, while depth-averaged perchlorate fluxes varied from 0.22 to 1.7 g/m2/day. Groundwater and perchlorate flux distributions measured in two PFM deployments closely matched each other. Depth-averaged Darcy fluxes measured with PFMs were in line with an estimate from a borehole dilution test, but much smaller than those based on hydraulic conductivity and head gradients; this is likely due to flow divergence caused by well-screen clogging. Flux-averaged perchlorate concentrations measured with PFM deployments matched concentrations in groundwater samples taken from one well, but not in two other wells, pointing to the need for additional field testing. Use of the surfactant-modified GACs for measuring fluxes of other anions of environmental interest is discussed. 相似文献
34.
A typology of time‐scale mismatches and behavioral interventions to diagnose and solve conservation problems 下载免费PDF全文
Robyn S. Wilson David J. Hardisty Rebecca S. Epanchin‐Niell Michael C. Runge Kathryn L. Cottingham Dean L. Urban Lynn A. Maguire Alan Hastings Peter J. Mumby Debra P.C. Peters 《Conservation biology》2016,30(1):42-49
Ecological systems often operate on time scales significantly longer or shorter than the time scales typical of human decision making, which causes substantial difficulty for conservation and management in socioecological systems. For example, invasive species may move faster than humans can diagnose problems and initiate solutions, and climate systems may exhibit long‐term inertia and short‐term fluctuations that obscure learning about the efficacy of management efforts in many ecological systems. We adopted a management‐decision framework that distinguishes decision makers within public institutions from individual actors within the social system, calls attention to the ways socioecological systems respond to decision makers’ actions, and notes institutional learning that accrues from observing these responses. We used this framework, along with insights from bedeviling conservation problems, to create a typology that identifies problematic time‐scale mismatches occurring between individual decision makers in public institutions and between individual actors in the social or ecological system. We also considered solutions that involve modifying human perception and behavior at the individual level as a means of resolving these problematic mismatches. The potential solutions are derived from the behavioral economics and psychology literature on temporal challenges in decision making, such as the human tendency to discount future outcomes at irrationally high rates. These solutions range from framing environmental decisions to enhance the salience of long‐term consequences, to using structured decision processes that make time scales of actions and consequences more explicit, to structural solutions aimed at altering the consequences of short‐sighted behavior to make it less appealing. Additional application of these tools and long‐term evaluation measures that assess not just behavioral changes but also associated changes in ecological systems are needed. 相似文献
35.
36.
Christine Susan Fagnant Liliana Margarita Sánchez-Gonzalez Nicolette A. Zhou Jill Christin Falman Michael Eisenstein Dylan Guelig Byron Ockerman Yifei Guan Alexandra Lynn Kossik Yarrow S. Linden Nicola Koren Beck Robyn Wilmouth Evans Komen Benlick Mwangi James Nyangao Jeffry H. Shirai Igor Novosselov Peter Borus David S. Boyle John Scott Meschke 《Food and environmental virology》2018,10(1):72-82
Environmental surveillance of poliovirus (PV) plays an important role in the global program for eradication of wild PV. The bag-mediated filtration system (BMFS) was first developed in 2014 and enhances PV surveillance when compared to the two-phase grab method currently recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). In this study, the BMFS design was improved and tested for its usability in wastewater and wastewater-impacted surface waters in Nairobi, Kenya. Modifications made to the BMFS included the size, color, and shape of the collection bags, the filter housing used, and the device used to elute the samples from the filters. The modified BMFS concentrated 3–10 L down to 10 mL, which resulted in an effective volume assayed (900–3000 mL) that was 6–20 times greater than the effective volume assayed for samples processed by the WHO algorithm (150 mL). The system developed allows for sampling and in-field virus concentration, followed by transportation of the filter for further analysis with simpler logistics than the current methods. This may ultimately reduce the likelihood of false-negative samples by increasing the effective volume assayed compared to samples processed by the WHO algorithm, making the BMFS a valuable sampling system for wastewater and wastewater-impacted surface waters. 相似文献
37.
Sana?S.?Syal Robyn?S.?WilsonEmail author J.?Mac?Crawford Jonathan?Lutz 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2011,16(8):911-924
With growing evidence on how climate change impacts human health, public health agencies should develop adaptation programs
focused on the impacts predicted to affect their jurisdictions. However, recent research indicates that public health agencies
in the United States have done little to prepare the public for predicted climate change impacts, largely due in response
to a lack of resources and priority. This study surveyed Environmental Health (EH) Directors across the United States to determine
the extent to which individual level attitudes and beliefs influence the adoption of climate change adaptation programming
in a department. The results indicate that an EH Director’s perception of the health risk posed by climate change explained
27% of the variance in the number of climate change impacts being addressed. Furthermore, the study found that environmental
attitude and political views made strong, unique contributions in explaining the variance in risk perception. The results
provide evidence that individual-level attitudes and beliefs, as well as organizational-level barriers influence the adoption
of climate change adaptation programs in public health agencies. As a result, increasing EH Directors’ perception of risk
by highlighting the likelihood and severity of localized impacts may increase the adoption of adaptation programming despite
existing organizational barriers (e.g., lack of resources). Given the fact that risk perception has been shown to influence
behavior across cultures, these findings are also useful for understanding the influence of individual decision makers on
public health programming around the world. 相似文献
38.
Knook Jorie Dynes Robyn Pinxterhuis Ina de Klein Cecile A. M. Eory Vera Brander Matthew Moran Dominic 《Environmental management》2020,65(2):243-256
Environmental Management - Although the link between agriculture and diffuse water pollution has been understood for decades, there is still a need to implement effective measures to address this... 相似文献
39.
The Lake Champlain Basin in Vermont and New York, USA and Quebec, Canada includes a large lake and watershed with complex management issues. A transboundary comprehensive management plan prepared for the lake includes 11 goals across many issue areas. We developed a choice experiment to examine public preferences for alternative Lake Champlain management scenarios across these issue areas. Five ecosystem attributes (water clarity-algae blooms, public beach closures, land use change, fish consumption advisories and the spread of water chestnut, an invasive plant) were varied across three levels and arrayed into paired comparisons following an orthogonal fractional factorial design. Two thousand questionnaires were distributed to basin residents, each including nine paired comparisons that required trading off two, three or four attributes. Completed surveys yielded 6541 responses which were analyzed using binary logistic regression. The results showed that although water clarity and beach closures were important, safe fish consumption was the strongest predictor of choice. Land use pattern and water chestnut distribution were weaker but also significant predictors, with respondents preferring less land development and preservation of the agricultural landscape. Current management efforts in the Lake Champlain Basin are heavily weighted toward improving water clarity by reducing phosphorus pollution. Our results suggest that safe fish consumption warrants additional management attention. Because choice experiments provide information that is much richer than the simple categorical judgments more commonly used in surveys, they can provide managers with information about tradeoffs that could be used to enhance public support and maximize the social benefits of an ecosystem management program. 相似文献
40.
Robyn Robertson Author Vitae Ward Vanlaar Author Vitae Herb Simpson Author Vitae 《Journal of Safety Research》2009,40(1):25-31