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341.
Jesús Rojo Ana Rapp Beatriz Lara Silvia Sabariego Federico Fernández-González Rosa Pérez-Badia 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2016,188(3):130
Aerobiological research into airborne pollen diversity and seasonal variations in pollen counts has become increasingly important over recent decades due to the growing incidence of asthma, rhinitis and other pollen-related allergic conditions. Airborne pollen in Guadalajara (Castilla-La Mancha, Spain) was studied over a 6-year period (2008–2013) using a Hirst-type volumetric spore trap. The highest pollen concentrations were recorded from February to June, coinciding with the pollen season of the pollen types that most contribute to the local airborne pollen spectrum: Cupressaceae (32.2 %), Quercus (15.1 %), Platanus (13.2 %), Olea (8.3 %), Populus (7.8 %) and Poaceae (7.2 %). These are therefore critical months for allergy sufferers. The pollen calendar was typically Mediterranean and comprised 25 pollen types. Between January and March, Cupressaceae pollen concentrations exceeded allergy risk thresholds on 38 days. Other woody species such as Olea and Platanus have a shorter pollen season, and airborne concentrations exceeded allergy risk thresholds on around 13 days in each case. Poaceae pollen concentrations attained allergy risk levels on 26 days between May and July. Other highly allergenic pollen types included Urticaceae and Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthaceae, though these are less abundant than other pollen types in Guadalajara and did not exceed risk thresholds on more than 3 and 5 days, respectively. 相似文献
342.
Effect of long‐term exposure to aluminum and high‐fat diet on NTPDase and 5′‐nucleotidase activities in lymphocytes and platelets of rats
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Rosilene Rodrigues Kaizer Eduarda Costa Cínthia Melazzo de Andrade Roberta Schmatz Jessié Martins Gutierres Danieli Brolo Martins Vera Maria Morsch Maria Rosa Chitolina Schetinger 《环境质量管理》2017,27(1):67-73
Aluminum is one of the most abundant metals in the earth's crust. Although it shows no known biological function, it is recognized as an adjuvant in vaccines for human and veterinary uses. This study aims to evaluate the role of lifestyle and environment in the promotion of chronic disease. In it, we associated two factors: chronic exposure to aluminum and high‐fat diets. Thus, we aimed to determine whether the association of long‐term exposure to aluminum and high‐fat diets affects the NTPDase and 5′‐nucleotidase activities in the blood platelets and lymphocytes obtained from the mesenteric lymph nodes of young rats. In fact, the ectonucleotidase activities were shown to be upregulated upon exposure to aluminum plus high‐fat diets. As a result, we can suggest that the progressive upregulation of ectonucleotidase activities that we observed could be controlling the extent of inflammation and immune response. 相似文献
343.
Alfredo Madariaga-Navarrete Blanca Rosa Rodríguez-Pastrana José Roberto Villagómez-Ibarra Otilio Arturo Acevedo-Sandoval Gregory Perry 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2017,52(6):367-375
The objective of the present study was to examine a biological model under greenhouse conditions for the bioremediation of atrazine contaminated soils. The model consisted in a combination of phytoremediation (using Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and rhizopheric bio-augmentation using native Trichoderma sp., and Rhizobium sp. microorganisms that showed no inhibitory growth at 10,000 mg L?1 of herbicide concentration. 33.3 mg of atrazine 50 g?1 of soil of initial concentration was used and an initial inoculation of 1 × 109 UFC mL?1 of Rhizobium sp. and 1 × 105 conidia mL?1 of Trichoderma sp. were set. Four treatments were arranged: Bean + Trichoderma sp. (B+T); Bean + Rhizobium sp. (BR); Bean + Rhizobium sp. + Trichoderma sp. (B+R+T) and Bean (B). 25.51 mg of atrazine 50 g?1 of soil (76.63%) was removed by the B+T treatment in 40 days (a = 0.050, Tukey). This last indicate that the proposed biological model and methodology developed is useful for atrazine contaminated bioremediation agricultural soils, which can contribute to reduce the effects of agrochemical abuse. 相似文献
344.
Galvez-Cloutier R Saminathan SK Boillot C Triffaut-Bouchet G Bourget A Soumis-Dugas G 《Environmental management》2012,49(5):1037-1053
Increasing phosphorus (P) content and decreasing water quality of Saint-Augustin Lake, Quebec City, Canada, has led to implementation
of an Integrated Watershed Management Plan to restore the lake. As a part of the plan, the effects of different restoration
techniques on lake water quality and biological community (i.e., biological compatibility) were assessed during an isolated
water enclosure study and laboratory microcosm assay, respectively. The restoration techniques include: (i) coagulation of
P by alum only (20 mg L−1), (ii) active capping of sediments using a calcite layer of 10 cm, and (iii) a complete method involving both alum coagulation
and calcite capping. The results showed that the total P (TP) was greatly decreased (76–95 %) by alum + calcite, followed
by calcite only (59–84 %). Secchi depth was 106 % greater and chlorophyll a concentrations were declined by 19–78 % in the
enclosure which received both alum and calcite. Results of the biological compatibility test showed that total phytoplankton
biomass declined by 31 % in microcosms composed of alum + calcite. No significant (P > 0.05) toxic effect was found on the survival of Daphnia magna and Hyalella azteca in both alum only and alum + calcite microcosms. Although the alum + calcite technique impaired the survival of Chironomus riparius, the midge emergence was much higher compared to alum only and control. Overall, the alum + calcite application was effective
in controlling P release from sediment and lowering water column P concentrations, and thus improving the water quality and
aquatic life of Saint-Augustin Lake. However, the TP concentrations are still higher than the critical limit (20 μg L−1) for aquatic life and the water column remained in the eutrophic state even after treatment. Increased TP concentrations,
to higher than ambient levels of the lake, in the water column of all four enclosures, due to bioturbation artefact triggered
by the platform installation, likely cause insufficient dosages of alum and/or calcite applied and reduced their effectiveness. 相似文献
345.
Dayana Moscardi dos Santos Gustavo Souza Santos Marta Margarete Cestari Ciro Alberto de Oliveira Ribeiro Helena Cristina Silva de Assis Flavia Yamamoto Izonete Cristina Guiloski Mary Rosa Rodrigues de Marchi Rosalinda Carmela Montone 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(4):3166-3174
The toxicity of butyltin compounds (BTs), mainly tributyltin (TBT), has been reported in different organisms. However, such an analysis in fish after field exposure with reference to the related biomarkers has not been commonly observed in the literature. This study presents the uptake of BTs in the liver of a neotropical marine catfish Cathorops spixii in Paranagua Bay, an important estuarine system located in southern Brazil. Two different areas, close to and distant from the harbor, were used for chemical analysis evaluation of hepatotoxicity through genetic, enzymatic, and histopathological biomarkers. The presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in bile was also considered as a biomarker. The results showed a significant relationship between TBT levels and the inhibition of biotransformation enzymes and high occurrence of melanomacrophages in fish collected close to the harbor site. These effects were linked to the absence of TBT metabolites in the liver. In the second site, the presence of DBT was associated with an increase in EROD and GST activity. The larger amount of DNA damage as well as the highest oxidative stress was noted in fish from the less TBT-polluted area, where DBT and bile PAHs occurred. These findings showed different impact levels due to or increased by the chronic exposure of biota to BTs. 相似文献
346.
Waste management and environmental protection are mandatory requirements of modern society. In our study, air pollution control (APC) residues from municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWI) were considered as a mixture of fly ash and fine particulate solids collected in scrubbers and fabric filters. These are hazardous wastes and require treatment before landfill. Although there are a number of treatment options, it is highly recommended to find practical applications rather than just dump them in landfill sites. In general, for using a construction material, beyond technical specifications also soil and surface water criteria may be used to ensure environmental protection. The Dutch Building Materials Decree (BMD) is a valuable tool in this respect and it was used to investigate which properties do not meet the threshold criteria so that APC residues can be further used as secondary building material. To this end, some scenarios were evaluated by considering release of inorganic species from unmoulded and moulded applications. The main conclusion is that the high amount of soluble salts makes the APC residues a building material prohibited in any of the conditions tested. In case of moulding materials, the limits of heavy metals are complied, and their use in Category 1 would be allowed. However, also in this case, the soluble salts lead to the classification of "building material not allowed". The treatments with phosphates or silicates are able to solve the problem of heavy metals, but difficulties with the soluble salts are still observed. This analysis suggests that for APC residues to comply with soil and surface water protection criteria to be further used as building material at least a pre-treating for removing soluble salts is absolutely required. 相似文献
347.
Espinosa-Valdemar RM Turpin-Marion S Delfín-Alcalá I Vázquez-Morillas A 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2011,31(8):1683-1688
This research assesses the feasibility of degrading used disposable diapers, an important component (5-15% in weight) of urban solid waste in Mexico, by the activity of the fungus Pleurotus ostreatus, also known as oyster mushroom. Disposable diapers contain polyethylene, polypropylene and a super absorbent polymer. Nevertheless, its main component is cellulose, which degrades slowly. P. ostreatus has been utilized extensively to degrade cellulosic materials of agroindustrial sources, using in situ techniques. The practice has been extended to the commercial farming of the mushroom. This degradation capacity was assayed to reduce mass and volume of used disposable diapers. Pilot laboratory assays were performed to estimate the usefulness of the following variables on conditioning of used diapers before they act as substrate for P. ostreatus: (1) permanence vs removal of plastic cover; (2) shredding vs grinding; (3) addition of grape wastes to improve structure, nitrogen and trace elements content. Wheat straw was used as a positive control. After 68 days, decrease of the mass of diapers and productivity of fungus was measured. Weight and volume of degradable materials was reduced up to 90%. Cellulose content was diminished in 50% and lignine content in 47%. The highest efficiency for degradation of cellulosic materials corresponded to the substrates that showed highest biological efficiency, which varied from 0% to 34%. Harvested mushrooms had good appearance and protein content and were free of human disease pathogens. This research indicates that growing P. ostreatus on disposable diapers could be a good alternative for two current problems: reduction of urban solid waste and availability of high protein food sources. 相似文献
348.
La Greca P La Rosa D Martinico F Privitera R 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(8-9):2193-2202
Non-Urbanised Areas (NUAs) are part of agricultural and green infrastructures that provide ecosystem services. Their role is fundamental for the minimization of urban pollution and adaptation to climate change. Like all natural ecosystems, NUAs are endangered by urban sprawl. The regulation of sprawl is a key issue for land-use planning. We propose a land use suitability strategy model to orient Land Uses of NUAs, based on integration of Land Cover Analysis (LCA) and Fragmentation Analysis (FA). With LCA the percentage of evapotranspiring surface is defined for each land use. Dimensions and densities of NUAs patches are assessed in FA. The model has been developed with Geographical Information Systems, using an extensive set of geodatabases, including orthophotos, vectorial cartographies and field surveys. The case of the municipality of Mascalucia in Catania metropolitan area (Italy), characterized by a considerable urban sprawl, is presented. 相似文献
349.
The main objective of this study, within development of engineering solutions for coastal areas depuration, was to establish the role of the benthic macro-organisms in the biodegradation of the detergents in marine environment and to estimate the toxicity of these substances for a particular marine species: the ascidian Styela plicata. The experimental studies undertaken in aquarium with seawater enriched in a pure lynear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), the 1-(p-sulfophenyl)nonane (1C9-LAS), showed that the degradation was two times more fast in presence of the S. plicata, than of the only marine bacteria. The toxicity of this pollutant was also determined. This study demonstrates that the ascidia S. plicata can be a potential biomediator for the surfactant 1C9-LAS, and it can be used to design a pilot project, to bioremediate harbours and the coastal areas interested from the urban pollution. 相似文献
350.
Rosa María Pérez-Pastor Susana García-Alonso Alberto José Quejido Cabezas 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1999,6(3):141-146
From November 1995 to October 1996, airborne concentrations of VOCs were measured in the Madrid area to study the organic
pollution in general, and the correlation between different pollutants in relation to such parameters as location and season.
Mean concentrations for up to 90 compounds were measured at four test sites, including both urban and suburban areas.
At the urban sites, maximum concentrations occurred in the autumn and winter, whereas minimum concentrations were reached
in summer and spring. Similar changes were obtained for the lesscontaminated site located in the SE of the city, whereas a
different pattern was found at the site in the NW of the city due to meteorological aspects. Mean levels of hydrocarbons in
Madrid were quite similar to those found in other European cities.
Chemometrical techniques were applied to the set of data in order to assess the influence of such factors as traffic, temperature
and seasonal variations on the VOC levels. 相似文献