淡水环境沉积物中微塑料的密度分离方法研究

微塑料污染已广泛覆盖了全球海洋和淡水环境的表层水体、深层水体以及沉积物,沉积物中的泥沙和其他杂质颗粒会严重影响对沉积物中微塑料的实验分析.因此,将微塑料从沉积物中分离出来至关重要,而目前我国微塑料分离方法暂无统一的系统程序和检测标准.该研究在岷江成都段选取4个采样点采集沉积物样品,通过对比研究基于密度分离法的3种分离方...     

用MATLAB实现滤波器对数字地震资料处理初探

本文介绍了用MATLAB工具软件对数字离散信号进行频谱分析和设计FIR数字滤波器的方法,并用它对数字地震记录进行频谱分析和滤波处理。文中还给出了地震台站测震数据进行频谱分析和滤波处理的实例,对台站在地震数据处理中有一定的应用价值。     

地震台站如何做好防震减灾宣传科普工作

近年来，地震宣传科普工作越来越受到政府和地震部门的重视，作为地震监测系统的基本单位一地震台站如何在地震宣传科普工作发挥自己应有的作用，是一个很值得探讨的问题。本文根据地震台站自身特点和优势，从地震台站进行科普宣传工作的意义、内容、现状及建议等几个方面进行了一些探讨。     

最大熵(Maxent)模型在物种栖息地研究中的应用

最大熵(Maxent)模型是以生态位理论为基础的新兴研究领域,它通过有限的物种分布点数据及其相关的环境信息组成训练样本,利用基于数据驱动的机器学习理论分析推算出物种的生态需求,然后将运算结果投射至不同的时间和空间中预测物种的潜在分布和实际分布.近年来,该模型在生态学和生物多样性保护等研究中越发重要,文章介绍了Maxent模型的基本原理,从物种栖息地需求分析、气候变化对物种分布的影响、物种入侵监测以及自然保护区的选择和规划设计等方面阐述Maxent模型在物种栖息地研究中的应用.     

新冠肺炎疫情下的高校复课综合风险评估

为评估新冠肺炎疫情下的高校复课综合风险,辅助高校进行复课组织决策,探讨一种高校复课风险评估方法。首先,引入压力-状态-响应(PSR)模型,分析各要素互相影响机制,并建立高校复课新冠肺炎疫情综合风险评估指标体系;然后,利用风险的致灾因子与受灾体的脆弱性衡量疫情综合风险度,提出一种高校复课新冠疫情风险的评估方法;最后,以西安市某高校为例,验证风险评估模型的可行性和有效性。结果表明:本模型能准确评估高校复课新冠肺炎疫情综合风险;学校所在地疫情风险等级、人员管控措施、学校应急演练与评估开展状况分别是P、S、R系统的主要影响因素,应重点关注。     

安全生产教育是建筑工人生命的保护伞

建筑施工企业因其劳动强度高,危险性大,而成为当今社会的一种较危险的行业.据有关部门统计资料,我国每年死于建筑行业的人数仅次于交通、煤矿行业,因违章作业、劳动纪律松驰而造成的死亡事故占60%左右,其中农民工死亡占77.7%.     

Removal of nitric oxide in a biotrickling filter under thermophilic condition using Chelatococcus daeguensis

The development of a thermophilic biotrickling filter (BTF) system to inoculate a newly isolated strain of Chelatococcus daeguensis TAD1 for the effective treatment of nitric oxide (NO) is described. A bench-scale BTF was run under high concentrations of NO and 8% O2 in thermophilic aerobic environment. A novel aerobic denitrifier Chelatococcus daeguensis TAD1 was isolated from the biofilm of an on-site biotrickling filter and it showed a denitrifying capability of 96.1% nitrate removal rate in a 24 h period in aerobic environment at 50 degrees C, with no nitrite accumulation. The inlet NO concentration fluctuated between approximately 133.9 and 669.6 mg m-3 and kept on a steady NOx removal rate above 80% in an oxygen stream of 8%. The BTF system was able to consistently remove 80-93.7% NO when the inlet NO was 535.7 mg m-3 in an oxygen stream of 2-20%. The biological removal efficiency of NO at 50 degrees C is higher than that at 25 degrees C, suggesting that the aerobic denitrifier TAD1 display well denitrification performance under thermophilic condition. Starvation for 2, 4 and 8 days resulted in the re-acclimation times of Chelatococcus daeguensis TAD1 ranging between 4 and 16 hours. A longer recovery time than that for weekend shutdown will be required when a longer starvation occurs. The results presented here demonstrate the feasibility of biotrickling filter for the thermophilic removal of NOx from gas streams. Implications: A novel denitrifier Chelatococcus daeguensis TAD1 was isolated from an on-site biotrickling filter in aerobic environment at 50 degrees C. To date, C. daeguensis has not been previously reported to be an aerobic denitrifier. In this study, a thermophilic biotrickling filter system inoculated with Chelatococcus daeguensis TADI for treatment of nitric oxide is developed. In coal-fired power plants, influent flue gas stream for nitrogen oxides (NOx) removal typically exhibit temperatures between 50 and 60 degrees C. Traditionally, cooling gases to below 40 degrees C prior to biological treatment is inevitable, which is costly. Therefore, the application ofthermophilic microorganisms for the removal of nitric oxide (NO) at this temperature range would offer great savings and would greatly extend the applicability ofbiofilters and biotrickling filters. Until now there has not been any study published about thermophilic biological treatment of NO under aerobic condition.     

Removal of nitric oxide in a biotrickling filter under thermophilic condition using Chelatococcus daeguensis

The development of a thermophilic biotrickling ?lter (BTF) system to inoculate a newly isolated strain of Chelatococcus daeguensis TAD1 for the effective treatment of nitric oxide (NO) is described. A bench-scale BTF was run under high concentrations of NO and 8% O₂ in thermophilic aerobic environment. A novel aerobic denitrifier Chelatococcus daeguensis TAD1 was isolated from the biofilm of an on-site biotrickling filter and it showed a denitrifying capability of 96.1% nitrate removal rate in a 24 h period in aerobic environment at 50 °C, with no nitrite accumulation. The inlet NO concentration fluctuated between approximately 133.9 and 669.6 mg m-3 and kept on a steady NOx removal rate above 80% in an oxygen stream of 8%. The BTF system was able to consistently remove 80–93.7% NO when the inlet NO was 535.7 mg m-3 in an oxygen stream of 2–20%. The biological removal efficiency of NO at 50 °C is higher than that at 25 °C, suggesting that the aerobic denitri?er TAD1 display well denitrification performance under thermophilic condition. Starvation for 2, 4 and 8 days resulted in the re-acclimation times of Chelatococcus daeguensis TAD1 ranging between 4 and 16 hours. A longer recovery time than that for weekend shutdown will be required when a longer starvation occurs. The results presented here demonstrate the feasibility of biotrickling ?lter for the thermophilic removal of NOx from gas streams.

Implications A novel denitrifier Chelatococcus daeguensis TAD1 was isolated from an on-site biotrickling filter in aerobic environment at 50 °C. To date, C. daeguensis has not been previously reported to be an aerobic denitrifier. In this study, a thermophilic biotrickling ?lter system inoculated with Chelatococcus daeguensis TAD1 for treatment of nitric oxide is developed. In coal-fired power plants, influent flue gas stream for nitrogen oxides (NO_x) removal typically exhibit temperatures between 50 and 60 °C. Traditionally, cooling gases to below 40 °C prior to biological treatment is inevitable, which is costly. Therefore, the application of thermophilic microorganisms for the removal of nitric oxide (NO) at this temperature range would offer great savings and would greatly extend the applicability of biofilters and biotrickling filters. Until now there has not been any study published about thermophilic biological treatment of NO under aerobic condition.     

大气污染光学遥感技术及发展趋势

空气质量和气候变化是影响人类生存环境的两大主要因素,它们与大气构成变化密切相关,因此,必须对影响人类生存和决定对流层成分的大气过程进行监测。随着监测技术的发展,大气环境监测方法从常规的监测体系向理化、遥测、应急等多种监测分析方法相结合的综合监测技术方向发展。基于激光/光谱的大气污染监测技术以光学探测和光谱数据解析为核心,探测大气痕量气体和颗粒物的时空分布特征和输送规律,并逐渐运用于球载、无人机、卫星等区域动态遥测,可为中国大气灰霾形成的关键影响因素识别提供技术支持。     

涪江绵阳段表层沉积物重金属污染特征及风险评价

为准确掌握涪江绵阳段表层沉积物重金属的污染特征,分析了7个监测断面表层沉积物中Cd、Se、Mn等19种重金属质量浓度,采用地累积指数法、潜在生态风险评价法和污染负荷指数法评估了沉积物重金属的污染程度及潜在风险。结果表明:涪江绵阳段表层沉积物中Se、Cd、Ba和Hg等元素含量显著超过其土壤背景值,重金属的污染程度依次为Se＞Cd＞Ba＞Hg＞Mo＞Mn;潜在生态风险评价和污染负荷指数评价结果均显示,断面的污染程度排序为楼房沟＞李家渡＞福田坝＞丰谷＞涪江铁路桥＞百顷＞平武水文站断面。楼房沟断面沉积物微观形貌主要为片状或块状,物相主要为石英及少量白云母、方解石和菱锰矿等,与铅锌矿、电解锰渣等主要矿物组成相似,重金属主要来源为尾矿渣在河床的沉积及金属矿开采等外源输入。