碱性物质中和法在处理煤矿废水中的应用

凡是有地下煤矿开采的地区,都伴之有地下水排放.在面临全球性淡水缺乏的形势下,煤矿排放废水却作为污染源,日夜注入河床,致使环境保护部门为之大伤脑筋,而且各煤矿也为煤矿排放废水的治理,付出了很大的经济代价.因此如何解决煤矿排放废水达标排放的问题,使其能作为矿产资源和水资源得到再利用,解决即将到来的水荒危机就成为了本文讨论的重点.     

Simulating dairy liquid waste management options as a nitrogen source for crops

Large scale dairy operations are common. In many cases the manure is deposited on a paved surface and then removed with a flushing system, after which the solids are separated, the liquid stored in ponds, and eventually the liquid applied on adjacent crop land. Management of liquid manure to maximize the fertilizer value and minimize water quality degradation requires knowledge of the interactive effects of mineralization of organic N (ON) to NH₄⁺, crop uptake of mineral N, and leaching of NO₃⁻ on a temporal basis. The purpose of the research was to use the ENVIRO-GRO model to simulate how the amount of applied N, timing of N application, ON mineralization rates, chemical form of N applied, and irrigation uniformity affected (1) yields of corn (Zea mays) in summer and a forage grass in winter in a Mediterranean climate and (2) the amount of NO₃⁻ leached below the root zone. This management practice is typical for dairies in the San Joaquin Valley of California. The simulations were conducted for a 10-year period. Steady state conditions, whereby an equivalent amount of N applied in the organic form will be mineralized in a given year, are achieved more rapidly for materials with high mineralization rates. Both timing and total quantity of N application are important in affecting crop yield and potential N leaching. Major conclusions from the simulations are as follows. Frequent low applications are preferred to less frequent higher applications. Increasing the amount of N application increased both the crop yield and the amount of NO₃⁻ leached. Increasing irrigation uniformity increased crop yields but had variable effects on the amount of NO₃⁻ leached. A winter forage crop following a summer corn crop effectively reduced the leaching of residual soil N following the corn crop.     

呼和浩特市发电厂污染物综合治理与资源化利用技术研究

本文以呼市发电厂废水、粉尘和灰场污染治理为例，研究制定发电厂粉煤灰综合治理与回收利用技术方案、旧灰场的生态工程建设和冲灰水的回收利用方案，通过污染物治理，废水的利用率达到85％，粉煤灰处理后的产草量和年利用率为98％，灰场的植被覆盖度达到97％，通过治理使发电厂的污染物排放量减少，废弃物资源得以利用，灰场变成环境优美的生态旅游区，为我国电厂的治理工作提供一个切实可行的科学依据。     

BP网络应用于大气环境监测点的优选

为了对大气环境监测点进行优化选择 ,以大气质量分级标准为训练样本 ,构造BP网络进行训练 ,用训练好的BP网络对某地的大气环境监测采样点进行了优选 ,并与物元分析法优选结果进行比较。结果表明 ,BP网络用于环境测点优选具有较好的客观性和应用性     

超级钢闪光对焊电热耦合过程温度场分布的有限元分析

为研究超级钢闪光对焊闪光阶段焊件的温度场分布 ,建立了轴对称有限元模型。运用单元死活技术解决闪光时液体过梁爆破引起物质烧损的模拟问题 ,提出了闪光焊过程中电热耦合作用的模拟方法。考虑单元死活的有限元分析结果与试验结果更加吻合 ,为选择和优化闪光焊焊接参数以及为闪光焊过程顶锻阶段的热力耦合过程的模拟提供了有效的分析手段     

减振复合钢板的成形性及其数值模拟研究进展

减振复合钢板是一种应用于汽车覆盖件方面的新型材料 ,有利于减振和减轻重量。介绍了其成形性和成形过程数值模拟的研究进展 ,并对未来发展进行了展望     

某地下厂房围岩岩体结构特征分析

水电站地下厂房的围岩稳定性的影响因素很多,围岩的岩体结构特征就是其中的一种。因此,研究地下硐室的岩体结构特征,对评价地下硐室的围岩稳定性是很有帮助的。本文主要是根据对某水电站地下厂房拟建区平硐的现场调查,用统计的方法对调查资料进行分析,并最终找出该区岩体的结构特征,为研究地下硐室的围岩稳定性提供可靠的基础资料。     

Detecting forest landcape boundary between Mountain Birch and evergreen eoniferous forest in the northern slope of Changbai Mountain

Boundaries between different forest types in Changbai Mountain Eatern China are results from complex interactions between forest ecosystems,topogrphy,and geomorphology.Detecting and quantifying the transitional zones are highly important since high environmental beterogeneity and biodiversity are ofter found within these zpmes.In this study,we used GIS and multivariate statistics techniques(PCA and MSWA) to analyze data from Landsat TM satellite imageries and quantitatively determined the positions and widths of the landscape boundary betweeen mountain birch and evergreen coniferous forests in the northern slope of Changbai Mountain.The results showed that the widths of the landscape boundary ranges from 30-50 m while using the MWW A or/and PC method.Such detected widths are consistent with field transect data that suggest a 50m tranistional zone width.The results further suggest that TM data can be used in combination with GIS and statistical techniques in determining forest landscape boundaries.MSWA is more reliable than PCA,while PCA can also be used to determine the landscape boundary when transects are properly located.     

渤海海域夏季石油烃污染状况及其环境容量估算

根据调查分析了渤海海域石油烃污染状况,建立了渤海石油烃多介质动力学模型,估算了渤海海域石油烃污染物环境容量和剩余环境容量。结果表明,调查海域石油烃平均浓度为(25.7±13.6)mg／rn3,变化范围为4.4~64.8 mg,／m3,其中,莱州湾,渤海湾等近岸海域污染较严重。在一、二类国家海水水质标准下,渤海海域石油烃污染物环境容量(ECo)为29 169 t／a,在三类国家海水水质标准下ECo为177 306 t／a,在四类国家海水水质标准下ECo为298 446 t／a,各海域在一、二类国家海水水质标准下石油烃污染物环境容量分别为,渤海湾5 255 t／a,辽东湾8 869 t／a,莱州湾4 889 t／a,渤海中部10 156 t／a。     

水解酸化＋两级生物接触氧化处理高盐度水产品加工废水

介绍了“水解酸化＋两级生物接触氧化”处理水产品加工废水的运行效果和工程实例，结果表明：对C1^-浓度平均6000mg／L的高盐度水产品加工废水，系统对COD、SS、氨氮的去除率分别超过了88％、90％、85％，出水COD、SS、氨氮分别低于100mg／L、70mg／L、15mg／L，出水完全可以达到《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978—1996）一级排放标准。