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621.
The desire to avoid rousing community hostility may encourage firms to behave in an environmentally responsible manner. Firms may engage in corporate social responsibility (CSR) to maintain community support and/or to regain the support of a community where it has been lost. It has been conjectured that such ‘informal regulation’ could effectively replace formal intervention in some settings, and usefully complement it in others. We explore these conjectures with mixed results. Informal regulation is necessarily less efficient than a well-designed formal alternative and the pattern of green behavior induced by the threat of community hostility may increase or decrease welfare. The existence of community pressure may increase or decrease the optimal calibration of a formal intervention (in this case an environmental tax) and may complement or detract from the incentives generated by an optimally calibrated tax. 相似文献
622.
Biswajit Ruj Pradip Kumar Chatterjee 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2012,25(3):650-653
Release of chlorine gas causes deaths and injuries to workers and the public, resulting in the evacuation of communities and adversely affecting the environment as a whole. The off-site emergency plan is an integral part of any major hazard control system. This paper highlights some salient features of the emergency scenario from a chemical plant, which ultimately lead to fatal consequences all around upon releases of toxic chlorine gas. A typical scenario illustrating the dispersion model of chlorine (for three isopleths concentration) has been estimated by Complex Hazards Air Release Model (CHARM) software package. The enlarged form of this model diagram has been outlined on the area map of the study area for contingency planning. As a broad guide line to the district authorities for contingency planning, evacuation time has also been calculated with reference to a concentration level of 3 ppm chlorine. 相似文献
623.
Enforcement of policy is typically delegated. What sort of mission should the head of an enforcement program be given? When there is more than one firm being regulated the firms’ decision problems—otherwise completely separate—become linked in a way that depends on that mission. Under some sorts of missions firms compete to avoid the attention of the enforcer by competitive reductions in the extent of their non-compliance, in others the interaction encourages competitive expansions. We develop a general model that allows for the ordering of some typical classes of missions. We find that in plausible settings ‘target-driven’ missions (that set a hard target in terms of environmental outcome but flexible budget) achieve the same outcome at lower cost than ‘budget-driven’ ones (that fix the enforcement budget). Inspection of some fixed fraction of firms is never optimal. 相似文献
624.
Biraja Kumar Sahu Premalata Pati R. C. Panigrahy 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2014,18(3):285-297
Chilika Lake, the largest brackish water lagoon in Asia, is a prominent biodiversity hotspot along the Indian east coast. The geomorphology, water quality and biological productivity of the lake had undergone significant changes over the years under the influence of natural events and anthropogenic interventions. Decades of research have shown that the ecological changes of the lake system and its fisheries were influenced mainly by the water exchange between the lake and the sea that controls the salinity, siltation, macrophyte infestation and recruitment of marine forms. Depletion of fisheries and loss of biodiversity in 1980s and 1990s have been linked to the northward shifting of lake’s inlet and silting up of the outer channel. In order to improve the health of the lagoon and restoration of its biodiversity, a new mouth was dredged open in September 2000. Opening of the new mouth has resulted in some improvements with substantial increase in capture fishery, reduction in weed infestation, growth of seagrasses, appearance of dolphins and increase in the population of migratory birds. But, many stake holders claim that the problems associated with the lake ecology and its contribution to the socio-economic development of the stake holders still persist which could escalate in future. 相似文献
625.
Satish Kumar Nandigama Reddy Marri Sameer Bheeram Vema Reddy Mukkamala Saratchandra Babu Raju Chowhan L. Chandrasekhara Rao L. 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2019,17(1):455-464
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Developing environmentally benign synthetic protocols such as reaction in water is a major challenge. However, many of the known methods carried out in an... 相似文献
626.
Mudhoo Ackmez Gautam Ravindra Kumar Ncibi Mohamed Chaker Zhao Feiping Garg Vinod Kumar Sillanpää Mika 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2019,17(1):157-193
Environmental Chemistry Letters - The release of recalcitrant dyes into the biosphere is a threat because of pollution and environmental health issues. Adsorption using commercial activated carbon... 相似文献
627.
Kumar Amit Thakur Priya Rittika Sharma Gaurav Naushad Mu. Rana Anamika Mola Genene Tessema Stadler Florian J. 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2019,17(2):655-682
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Effective technologies and materials are needed for environmental detoxification and clean energy production. The actual photocatalytic technology is largely... 相似文献
628.
Häring Ivo Fehling-Kaschek Mirjam Miller Natalie Faist Katja Ganter Sebastian Srivastava Kushal Jain Aishvarya Kumar Fischer Georg Fischer Kai Finger Jörg Stolz Alexander Leismann Tobias Hiermaier Stefan Carli Marco Battisti Federica Makri Rodoula Celozzi Giuseppe Belesioti Maria Sfakianakis Evangelos Agrafioti Evita Chalkidou Anastasia Papadakis George Fuggini Clemente Bolletta Fabio Neri Alberto Giunta Guiseppe Scheithauer Hermann Höflinger Fabian Schott Dominik J. Schindelhauer Christian Köhler Sven Linkov Igor 《The Environmentalist》2021,41(2):286-329
Environment Systems and Decisions - Organizational and technical approaches have proven successful in increasing the performance and preventing risks at socio-technical systems at all scales.... 相似文献
629.
Poddar Nanda Das Susmita Dhar Subham Mondal Kajal Kumar 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2021,21(5):1069-1090
Environmental Fluid Mechanics - Predicting the evolution of environmental dispersion of settling particles in wetland flows has a wide range of applications in ecological engineering. In the... 相似文献
630.
Yueqi Jiang Jia Xing Shuxiao Wang Xing Chang Shuchang Liu Aijun Shi Baoxian Liu Shovan Kumar Sahu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(5):88