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81.
Nepal SK 《Environmental management》2002,30(6):0748-0763
Despite over two decades of efforts towards involving indigenous and traditional peoples in protected area management, there
are few successful examples. Several international principles and guidelines on indigenous peoples' involvement in protected
areas exist. However, because of the lack of evaluation of whether or not these principles and guidelines have been put into
practice, there is hardly any information that indicates the actual involvement of indigenous peoples in protected areas.
This paper attempts to compare efforts in partnership between indigenous peoples and protected area authority in three Asian
countries: Nepal, Thailand, and China. It shows that the involvement of indigenous peoples is more successful where park planning
is participatory and where political and socioeconomic reforms are underway. Indigenous peoples are in conflict with park
authorities where park management is centralized and nonparticipatory. Unless concrete efforts are made to address livelihood
issues of indigenous peoples living in and around protected areas, park management aimed to protect wildlife will rarely succeed.
Participatory park management that involves indigenous peoples and that addresses livelihood issues of indigenous communities
will ultimately succeed in its efforts toward wildlife conservation. 相似文献
82.
S. P. Pathak Sanjay Kumar P. W. Ramteke R. C. Murthy K. P. Singh J. W. Bhattacherjee P. K. Ray 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1992,22(3):227-236
Water samples from 30 rivers in northern and north-eastern hilly states of India were analysed for bacteriological and physicochemical parameters along with metals and pesticide residues. It was found that 34% of samples had >50 coliforms/100 ml, while 24% of samples demonstrated >50 thermotolerant (faecal) coliforms/100 ml. Among the metals, iron was found to be above maximum permissible limits in the rivers of all the states, while manganese was found to be above the maximum permissible limit in the rivers of Tripura and some northern states. Zinc, lead, nickel, chromium, copper, cobalt and cadmium plus physicochemical parameters and residual pesticides, however, were within their maximum permissible limits. 相似文献
83.
Kumar S Dagar SS Mohanty AK Sirohi SK Puniya M Kuhad RC Sangu KP Griffith GW Puniya AK 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2011,98(6):457-472
Methanogens, the members of domain Archaea are potent contributors in global warming. Being confined to the strict anaerobic environment, their direct cultivation as
pure culture is quite difficult. Therefore, a range of culture-independent methods have been developed to investigate their
numbers, substrate uptake patterns, and identification in complex microbial communities. Unlike other approaches, fluorescence
in situ hybridization (FISH) is not only used for faster quantification and accurate identification but also to reveal the
physiological properties and spatiotemporal dynamics of methanogens in their natural environment. Aside from the methodological
aspects and application of FISH, this review also focuses on culture-dependent and -independent techniques employed in enumerating
methanogens along with associated problems. In addition, the combination of FISH with micro-autoradiography that could also
be an important tool in investigating the activities of methanogens is also discussed. 相似文献
84.
The results of dissolution experiments for benzene, toluene, m-xylene and naphthalene (BTXN) from a relatively insoluble oil phase (tridecane), residually trapped in a non-sorbing porous medium, are described. This mixture was chosen to simulate dissolution of soluble aromatic compounds from a petroleum hydrocarbon mixture, e.g., crude oil, for which a large fraction of the mixture is relatively insoluble. The experiments were carried out at a small source length to interstitial velocity ratio, L/v, so that dissolution would be mass transfer limited (MTL). When fitted to data for toluene, a multiregion mass transfer model was found to predict the experimental data satisfactorily for the other components without adjustment of the mass transfer rate parameters. These results indicate that the dissolution process can be generalized for various hydrophobic organic compounds present in a multicomponent non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) when mass transfer limitations are present. This also suggests that dissolution data obtained for one compound can be useful for predicting the dissolution histories for other compounds from petroleum hydrocarbon mixtures. 相似文献
85.
Ajai Kumar Srivastav Sanjay Kumar Srivastava Diwakar Mishra Sunil Kumar Srivastav 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(10):1857-1864
Deltamethrin, a pyrethroid insecticide widely used in many countries, causes significant adverse effects in aquatic ecosystems. The concentration of deltamethrin in water reservoirs and the run off from agricultural areas (in water) in many countries range up to 24.0?µg?L?1 which is higher than the recommendation of the European Union standard. Hence, in this study the effects of deltamethrin were investigated, i.e. its toxic impacts on the freshwater catfish Heteropneustes fossilis in terms of serum calcium and prolactin cells (located in the rostral pars distalis region of the pituitary). The fish were subjected to deltamethrin for a short-term experiment (96?h; 1.5?µg?L?1 e.0.8 of 96?h LC50) and a long-term experiment (28 days; 0.37?µg?L?1 e.0.2 of 96?h LC50). After short-term deltamethrin exposure, serum calcium levels decrease. No histological change in prolactin cells is noticed throughout the short-term experiment. Fish exposed to deltamethrin for 7 days also exhibit a decrease in serum calcium level. This decrease persisted until the end of the experiment (28 days). Prolactin cells of fish treated for 14 days with deltamethrin exhibit increased nuclear volume and degranulation, increasing progressively from the 21st day onwards. After 28 days, a few degenerated cells are discerned. The results of this study show that deltamethrin is moderately toxic for the freshwater fish H. fossilis by producing adverse effects on serum calcium and prolactin cells. Hence, it should be used with caution in areas near fish-inhabited waters. 相似文献
86.
Lokhande VH Srivastava S Patade VY Dwivedi S Tripathi RD Nikam TD Suprasanna P 《Chemosphere》2011,82(4):529-534
Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) L., a facultative halophyte, is considered a suitable candidate for the phytoremediation of metals. An investigation of As accumulation and tolerance was conducted in Sesuvium plants upon exposure to As(V) (100-1000 μM) for 30 d. Plants demonstrated a good growth even after prolonged exposure (30 d) to high As(V) concentrations (1000 μM) and a significant As accumulation (155 μg g−1 dry weight) with a bioaccumulation factor of more than ten at each concentration. The results of shoot and root dry weight, malondialdehyde accumulation, photosynthetic pigments, and total soluble proteins demonstrated that plants did not experience significant toxicity even at 1000 μM As(V) after 30 d. However, metabolites (total non-protein thiols and cysteine) and enzymes (serine acetyltransferase, cysteine synthase and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase) of thiol metabolism, in general, remained either unaffected or showed slight decline. Hence, plants tolerated high As(V) concentrations without an involvement of thiol metabolism as a major component. Taken together, the results indicate that plants are potential As accumulator and may find application in the re-vegetation of As contaminated sites. 相似文献
87.
Effects of silver nanoparticles on stress biomarkers of Channa striatus: immuno-protective or toxic?
Kumar Neeraj Krishnani Kishore Kumar Gupta Sanjay Kumar Singh Narendra Pratap 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2018,25(15):14813-14826
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Nanotechnology is a novel arena with promising applications in the field of medicine, industry, and agriculture including fisheries.... 相似文献
88.
Cao Jian Chen Xihui Wu Sisi Kumar Sanjay 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2021,23(10):14827-14853
Environment, Development and Sustainability - Rapid pace of natural resource depletion and environment deterioration is a cause of concern worldwide. Remanufacturing offers a promising option for... 相似文献
89.
ABSTRACTThe limitation of self-excited induction generator (SEIG) when used in the stand-alone wind energy system (WES) is poor voltage regulation at variable speed. The indirect vector control (IVC) technique is employed for both the generator-side converter (GSC) and load-side converter (LSC) to regulate the variation of SEIG speed, DC link voltage, and electromagnetic torque independently. Further performance of the proposed IVC technique has been analyzed independently with neural network controller (NNC) and fuzzy logic controller (FLC) as its components. The FLC is replaced by an NNC to improve the performance of the proposed system. IVC of SEIG-based WES has been simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK software, and the prototype model of the proposed WES is developed to experimentally validate the performance using dSPACE DS-1104 R&D controller board. 相似文献
90.
Two backcountry trails located within the Mount Robson Provincial Park boundaries in British Columbia, Canada, are compared for the type of ecological characteristics and the influence of topographical use level and management on trail degradation. Data on five trail impact variables were collected at 68 fixed line transects, and information on management features, use level, and water-related problems were based on a survey of 31 km of trails. Results show that the two trails are similar in several ecological characteristics. The Berg Lake Trail (BLT), considered to be highly used and intensively managed, had more significant ecological problems than did Mount Fitzwilliam Trail (FWT), considered to be less highly used and intensively managed. However, ecological impacts on the FWT appear to be statistically no less different than on the BLT. It is concluded that effective trail management can mitigate many ecological problems that result due to the natural topographic conditions and use levels. 相似文献