茅坪河流域非点源污染负荷模拟

为定量化研究茅坪河流域农业非点源营养物质氮、磷的输出负荷,在茅坪河的亚流域陈家冲,利用2004-05～2004-10降雨期的监测数据,通过实测值和模拟值的比较对非点源污染模型SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)进行了率定和验证,采用Nash-Sutcliffe系数(R²)、均方根差(RMSE)和相对误差(CV)检验实测值和模拟值的拟合度.利用验证后的模型模拟了茅坪河流域营养物质氮、磷的输出负荷量.经验证径流、总氮和总磷的Nash-Sutcliffe系数分别为0.71、0.51和0.62,最小相对误差分别为1.8%、1.1%和10%,模型对氮和磷的输出模拟效果稍差,但对径流的模拟取得了较好的效果,表明该模型可运用于茅坪河流域非点源污染的模拟研究.模拟结果显示,2004-05～2004-10,茅坪河流域共有102.5 t氮和9.46 t磷流入长江,大量农业非点源污染的产生是造成茅坪河水质恶化的重要原因之一.     

Geostatistical analysis and kriging of Hexachlorocyclohexane residues in topsoil from Tianjin, China

A previously published data set of HCH isomer concentrations in topsoil samples from Tianjin, China, was subjected to geospatial analysis. Semivariograms were calculated and modeled using geostatistical techniques. Parameters of semivariogram models were analyzed and compared for four HCH isomers. Two-dimensional ordinary block kriging was applied to HCH isomers data set for mapping purposes. Dot maps and gray-scaled raster maps of HCH concentrations were presented based on kriging results. The appropriateness of the kriging procedure for mapping purposes was evaluated based on the kriging errors and kriging variances. It was found that ordinary block kriging can be applied to interpolate HCH concentrations in Tianjin topsoil with acceptable accuracy for mapping purposes.     

EDDS and EDTA-enhanced phytoextraction of metals from artificially contaminated soil and residual effects of chelant compounds

The potential of 18 different plants to be used in the chemically enhanced phytoextraction of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd was assessed using pot experiments. Chrysanthemum coronarium L. was the species most sensitive to the application of EDTA, and had the highest enhancement of Cu and Pb concentrations in its shoots. Compared with EDTA, EDDS was more effective in enhancing the concentration of Cu in the shoots of Chrysanthemum coronarium L. and Zea mays L. grown on multi-metal contaminated soils. The EDTA-treated soil still had a significant ability to enhance the concentrations of Cu and Pb in the shoots of Zea mays L. six months after the chelant treatment. However, the EDDS-treated soil did not have any effect in enhancing the concentrations of metals in the shoots of Zea mays L. in the second crop test. The results may indicate that EDDS biodegrades more rapidly than EDTA in soil and is better in limiting potential metal leaching.     

浅谈我国环保产业现状及发展方向

随着全球经济的进一步增长及生态环境的急剧恶化，环保产业的发展速度将远远超过其他行业。在世界环保产业市场的角逐中发达国家占有绝对的优势。我国环保产业跻身国际市场，首先要解决技术起点低，实力差的问题，并要扩大生产规模，走集约化经营道路，加大环保产业投入，选择好环境技术、设备的出口市场。     

可持续城市发展的生态原则及其对策

文章论述了城市生态化及其发展对策 ,提出可持续城市发展的概念及其生态原则 ,以期推动我国城市生态化和可持续城市建设工作的开展     

原子荧光光谱法测定空气中硒化氢的不确定度评定

依据JJF1059.1-2012,确立测量结果和不确定度评价的数学模型,从采集气样体积和采气后滤膜消解液待测物浓度和定容体积三个部分,A类不确定度和B类不确定度二个方面评定测量过程的不确定度,量化各不确定度分量。本次测量相对合成标准不确定度为0.024,较大的不确定度是样品浓度测量过程中的A类不确定度,主要由标准曲线测量和样品测量随机偏差引入,分量值分别为0.013和0.011。本次测量结果为0.169±0.008mg/m3(包含区间在0.161～0.177mg/m3),k=2。即在包含概率约为95%的条件下,可以判定该工作场所空气中硒化氢的含量已经超过了PC-TWA标准限值。     

Phosphorus recovery from wastewater by struvite crystallization：Property of aggregates

Struvite crystallization is a promising method to remove and recover phosphorus from wastewater to ease both the scarcity of phosphorus rock resources and water eutrophication worldwide. To date, although various kinds of reactor systems have been developed, supporting methods are required to control the struvite fines flushing out of the reactors. As an intrinsic property, aggregation is normally disregarded in the struvite crystallization process, although it is the key factor in final particle size and therefore guarantees phosphorus recovery efficiency. The present study developed a method to analyze the characteristics of struvite aggregates using fractal geometry, and the influence of operational parameters on struvite aggregation was evaluated. Due to its typical orthorhombic molecular structure, struvite particles are prone to crystallize into needle or rod shapes, and aggregate at the corners or edges of crystals. The determined fractal dimension(Dpf) of struvite aggregates was 1.52–1.31, with the corresponding range of equivalent diameter(d0.5) at 295.9–85.4 μm. Aggregates formed in relatively low phosphorus concentrations(3.0–5.0 mmol/L) and mildly alkaline conditions(pH 9.0–9.5) displayed relatively compact structures, large aggregate sizes and high aggregation strength. Increasing pH values led to continuous decrease of aggregate sizes, while the variation of Dpfwas insignificant. As to the aggregate evolution, fast growth in a short time followed by a long steady stage was observed.     

无人机遥测技术在氯气泄漏事故预警监测中的应用

分析了工业园区氯气泄漏预警监测工作的现状以及其缺点,提出了一种用无人机搭载传感器的技术对工业用氯气进行实时监测的构想,并展望了其在安全预警领域中应用的前景。     

噪声地图的绘制与应用初探研究

当前噪声污染问题备受社会关注,噪声地图技术是一种直观简单的展示城市中环境噪声污染状况的方法,在城市规划、污染防治及环境保护方面发挥着越来越大的作用,噪声地图是由道路交通噪声、铁路噪声、工业噪声和机场噪声等对城市地图上每个接收点的叠加噪声值拟合图像绘制而成。本文介绍了国内外噪声地图的发展情况和应用,对噪声地图的分类、组成部分及绘制步骤进行论述,并对噪声地图的未来发展提出见解。