潜流构造湿地去除农田排水中氮的研究

对潜流构造湿地处理农业面源污水的脱氮效果进行了中试研究.研究证明潜流湿地氮去除效率和水力停留时间呈正相关关系,芦苇床的脱氮效果明显好于茭草床和空白床,名义水力停留时间大于5d时,芦苇、茭草潜流湿地脱氮效率可以达到60%以上.氮的去除满足一级推流反应动力学关系,空白床、芦苇床和茭草床的一级反应动力学常数K分别为0.14、0.26和0.20d^-.微生物的反硝化是人工湿地脱氮的主要途径,植物吸收总氮量仅占入水量的15%左右.     

城市居住区地下车库噪声影响的计算机模拟预测

运用随机点声源模型对城市居住区地下车库出入口噪声进行计算机模拟预测,通过实测值和预测值的比较,该预测模型精度较好.运用该模型预测规划与新建的居住区地下车库的噪声影响,可为城市小区建设规划中有效控制噪声污染提供科学参考依据.     

The selective catalytic reduction of NO over Ce0.3TiOx-supported metal oxide catalysts

A Ce_(0.3)TiO_xoxide carrier was synthesized via a sol–gel process,and Ce_(0.3)TiO_xsupported metal(M=Cd,Mn,Fe,W,Mo)oxide catalysts were prepared by the method of incipient-wetness impregnation.The catalysts were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction(XRD),Brunauer–Emmett–Teller(BET)analysis,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),Fourier transform infrared(FT–IR)spectroscopy,UV–Visdiffusereflectancespectroscopy(UV–VisDRS),and Temperature-programmed reduction with H_2(H_2-TPR).The catalytic activities for de-NO_(x )were evaluated by the NH_3-SCR reaction.Among all the catalysts tested,the 2 wt.%Cd/Ce_(0.3)TiO_xcatalyst exhibited the best NH_3-SCR performance,with a wide temperature window of 250–450°C for NO conversion above 90%.Moreover,the catalyst showed N_2 selectivity greater than 99%from 200 to 450°C.     

钙对紫外辐射B胁迫下小麦幼苗若干生物学特性的影响

采用模拟紫外辐射(UV-B,280～320nm)的盆栽实验法,研究钙离子对紫外B辐射胁迫下小麦幼苗若干生物学特性的影响.结果显示,在紫外辐射胁迫下(0.35W/m²,每日照射6h,连续照射7d),2mmol/L钙离子处理的小麦,地下与地上部生长指标均明显低于对照植株(降幅为8.1%～36.1%).而6mmol/L钙离子处理的小麦幼苗,各种生长指标的降幅(3.2%～28.6%)低于2mmol/L钙离子处理的小麦幼苗.表明钙离子具有缓解紫外辐射伤害小麦幼苗的效应,这同钙离子对小麦幼苗部分生理生化指标的影响有关.     

良好质量控制下环境监测方法的选用

经济不断发展,社会对环境保护的要求日趋加强,为保证环境安全,为环保监察执法出具准确、科学、公正的监测数据变得日益重要。本文对选用合适的监测方法进行监测进行初步的探讨。确定了监测范围,在良好的环境质量控制下选择合适的方法,确保监测程序稳定可靠,更好的为环境管理服务。     

Environmental pollution by persistent toxic substances and health risk in an industrial area of China

Soil is an important environmental medium that is closely associated with humans and their health. Despite this, very few studies have measured toxicants in soils, and associated them with health risks in humans. An assessment of health effects from exposure to contaminants in soils surrounding industrial areas of chemical production and storage is important. This article aims at determining pollution characteristics of persistent toxic substances (PTS) in an industrial area in China to unravel the relationship between soil pollution by PTS and human health. One hundred and five soil samples were collected and 742 questionnaires were handed out to residents living in and around an industrial area around Bohai Bay, Tianjin in Northern China. Concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in soil. Mann-Whitney U and binary multivariate nonconditional logistic regression models were employed to analyze the relationship between health indicators of local residents and contaminant levels. Odds ratio (OR) and a 95% confidence interval (CI) for health incidences were also calculated. The average concentrations of DDT (73.9 ng/g), HCH (654 ng/g) and PAHs (1225 ng/g) were relatively high in the industrial area. Residents living in the chemical industry parks were exposed to a higher levels of PTS than those living outside the chemical industry parks. This exposure was associated with a higher risk of breast cancer (OR 1.87, 95% CI 0.12–30.06), stomach cancer (OR 1.87, 95% CI 0.26– 13.41), dermatitis (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.05–2.80), gastroenteritis (OR 1.59, 95% CI 0.94–2.68), and pneumonia (OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.58–1.89).     

不同降雨强度下铅在屋面径流中迁移规律的模拟研究

针对面源污染日趋严重的实际问题,研究采用模拟降雨的方式与铅同位素示踪技术,对不同降雨强度下不同来源铅(屋面累积颗粒物源与湿沉降源)在屋面径流系统中的迁移与分配特征进行了探讨.结果表明屋面径流系统中不同来源铅的行为特征受降雨强度影响较大,降雨持续时间为30 min,雨强分别为9.8、21.8、42.5、82.2 mm·h~(-1)时,屋面累积颗粒物源铅被冲刷进入径流的速率分别为0.275、0.434、0.595、1.019mg·m~(-2)·h~(-1),湿沉降源铅进入径流的速率分别为0.102、0.269、0.642、1.288 mg·m~(-2)·h~(-1).降雨强度对不同来源铅在屋面径流系统中的分配特征有显著影响.不同降雨强度下累积颗粒物源铅在屋面径流,屋面剩余颗粒物,屋面材料中的分配比例依次为(9.8 mm·h~(-1))29.0%、33.5%、37.5%;(21.8 mm·h~(-1))45.0%、19.0%、36.0%;(42.5 mm·h~(-1))61.2%、7.8%、31.0%;(82.2 mm·h~(-1))92.9%、2.2%、4.9%;湿沉降源铅相应归趋中的比例依次为(9.8 mm·h~(-1))62.6%、36.3%、1.1%;(21.8 mm·h~(-1))74.1%、14.3%、11.6%;(42.5 mm·h~(-1))90.7%、2.6%、6.7%;(82.2 mm·h~(-1))94.0%、0.5%、5.5%.     

微生物絮凝剂净化废水实验研究

采用微生物絮凝剂（ＭＢＦ）对于多种康２进行了净２化实验研究，结果表明，从活性污泥中分离出的Ｑ３－２菌株，由其产生的絮凝剂较曲霉产生的絮凝剂有更好的净化效果，最高絮凝率可达到９９．５％。将传统的无机絮凝剂碱式氯化铝与微生物絮凝剂配合使用不仅可以降低絮凝剂的总投加量，而且还可减少污泥量及污泥中铝残留量，这有利于絮凝后废渣的综合利用。     

泥浆体系中受喹啉污染土壤的生物修复

将受喹啉污染的土壤 (污染量为 1mg/g土)与一定量的水混合形成泥浆 ,通过引入专性喹啉降解菌皮氏伯克霍尔德氏菌(Burkholderia pickettii)进行土壤的生物修复 .结果表明 ,采用引入喹啉降解菌的生物强化技术进行受喹啉污染的土壤的生物修复是可行的 .喹啉降解菌的引入大大加快了喹啉的生物降解过程 .最快只需 6h就可将喹啉完全去除 .考察比较了投菌量 ,泥浆中的含水量及营养元素(N,P)的存在对生物修复效果的影响 .土壤对难降解有机物喹啉的吸附等温线符合弗兰德里希方程 .     

Toxicological effects involved in risk assessment of rare earth lanthanum on roots of Vicia faba L. seedlings

Combined chemical analyses and biological measurements were utilized to investigate potential toxicological effects and possible mechanisms involved in risk assessment of rare earth elements (REEs) on Vicia faba L. seedlings, which were hydroponically cultivated and exposed to various concentrations of lanthanum (La) for 15 days. The results showed that La contents in both the solution and roots increased with the increase of extraneous La, contributing to hormetic dose responses of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and endoprotease (EP) isozymes activities, and HSP 70 production enhanced at low doses but suppressed at higher doses of La. These physiological responses constituted antioxidant and detoxification systems against La-induced oxidative stress. The elevated La levels also contributed to oxidatively modified proteins, which were most responsible for subsequent cell death and growth retardation of the roots. By combination of hormetic and traditional threshold dose levels, the threshold dose range was deduced to be 108-195 μg La/g dry weight in the roots, corresponding to 0.90-3.12 mg/L of soluble La in the culture solution. It suggests that persistent applications of REEs may lead to potential ecological risk in the environment.