不同高度大气颗粒物中多环芳烃的粒径分布

在天津地区20m,40m和60m三个不同高度同步采集冬季大气颗粒物中PM10样品,测定了16种多环芳烃(PAHs)含量．不同高度PM10中PAHs的含量均表现出大气颗粒物中随高度先增后降的趋势,颗粒物质量中值直径(MMD)也呈现类似规律,但PAHs总浓度的MMD则呈向上递增的趋势．不同高度PAHs的粒径分布差别不大,高分子量的PAHs主要集中在空气动力学直径Dp＜2um的细颗粒上,而Dp＞2um的粗颗粒上低分子量的PAHs相对较多．     

大力推进重庆市生态农业建设实现社会可持续发展

经过多年实践,中国生态农业建设取得了显著的经济、生态、社会效益。本文针对重庆市农业生态环境现状,从可持续发展的角度,提出重庆市生态农业建设的对策措施。     

水电建设区的生态环境监测与评价——以向家坝水电站为例

水电工程的建设对区域环境会产生不可逆转的重大扰动,生态环境监测与预警作为大型水电工程建设的重要环节,为工程区域环境问题分析与研究提供详实的数据支撑,对区域生态环境的修复至关重要。以向家坝水电站为例,分析水电工程建设对区域环境产生扰动的特点,结合产生扰动的各环境要素,构建工程施工区环境监测体系。收集、整理相关监测数据,采用环境因子综合评价法对监测的相关数据进行分析和评价,结合各种环境因子的现状以及变化过程、总结区域环境总体状况的变化规律及空间分布。结果表明：自2007年工程大规模动工以来,区域的生态脆弱度大幅度升高,2008年达到顶峰,自2009年起环境开始改善,保持优于2007、2008年的状况;最脆弱区域为主体工程和云天化生产区交接地区,低度脆弱区域为河流及工程量少的加工工程区域;工程扰动最大的区域、当地工业区及交通枢纽集中地带是建设区环境最脆弱的区域,工程建设、工业及交通是建设区的主要扰动因素     

九寨沟白水河污染特征研究

通过对2012年4月～2013年3月九寨沟白水河不同断面水样分析,研究了《地表水环境质量标准》（GB3838—2002）中表1“地表水环境质量标准基本项目”的含量变化,并对铬、镉、硒、铜、汞、锌、铅、砷、氨氮、高锰酸盐指数进行污染状况评价。结果显示：镉、铜、汞、锌、铅均未检出;对铬、砷、硒、氨氮、高锰酸盐指数等有检出项目进行单项污染指数和内梅罗综合污染指数评价,水样中铬、砷、硒、氨氮、高锰酸盐指数全年监测平均浓度分别为0．294μg／L、0．024μg／L、0．084μg／L、0．187mg／L、0．695mg／L,用国家水质环境标准的一级标准,所有监测点位（PN〈1）未超标。从单因子污染指数来看,高锰酸盐指数在4月、7月、10月P,〉1,属于轻度污染,初步推断人为活动所致。通过本文的研究发现九寨沟水质依然较好,未受到污染。     

长江三角洲地区霾判别方法的对比分析

为对比霾判别方法的差异,探讨霾观测标准的再完善性,文中从空间分布与单点时间序列两方面分别分析研究了4种霾判别方法的特征与适用性.选取中国长江三角洲地区1980~2009年38个地面观测站的气象资料,根据使用日均值的方法 1、2和使用14:00观测值的方法 3分别统计各站点的霾日,分析3种方法的异同.发现这些方法都能够反映出霾的长期变化趋势,但存在差异,这种差异随着年代际变化逐渐减小.由方法 1得到的霾日数最多,方法 3考虑了天气现象,比方法 1和2更合理.依据南京北郊2012年5月~2013年4月的逐时PM2.5浓度、相对湿度和能见度等资料,分析比较了方法 4(霾的观测和等级预报,QX/T 113-2010)与方法 1、2、3的不同.结果表明,由方法 3统计出的霾日少于其他方法,由方法 4统计出的霾日数介于方法 1与方法 3的结果;方法 3不能分辨出霾的严重程度,而其他方法能较好地分辨出霾的严重程度.     

Bioremediation of environmental endocrine disruptor di-n-butyl phthalate ester by Rhodococcus ruber

In this study DBP-degradation strain CQ0301 was isolated from rubbish landfill soil. According to the biophysical, biochemical characteristics and analysis of 16S rRNA, the strain was identified as Rhodococcus ruber. Three new protein bands could be fractioned after DBP-inducing, which were suspected to participate the process of DBP-degrading. Catechol was suspected to be an intermediate product of DBP and cleaving the benzene ring was catalyzed by catechol 1,2-dioxygenase, because a highly activity of catechol 1,2-dioxygenase could be detected after DBP-inducing. The results of this study also showed the optimal pH value, optimal temperature which influenced the degradation rate in soil: pH 7.0-8.0, 30-35 degrees C. Kinetics of degradation reaction had been performed at different initial concentration and different time. Analyzed with SPSS10.0 software, the DBP degradation can be described as the same exponential model when the initial DBP concentration was lower than 50 mg/kg. The kinetics equation was lnC=-0.1332t + A, with the degradation half-life of DBP in soil (5.20 d). Inoculating CQ0301 could relieve DBP content in plant. We also found that adding nutrient materials into soil was useful for decreasing the DBP content in plant. In summary, we isolated a bacterium capable of degrading DBP and decreasing DBP content in plant. We also explored the mechanism of biodegradation and characterized the environmental factors influencing the degradation process in contaminated soil. Based on this work, we hope that these findings can provide some information for applying of bioremediation of DBP contaminated soil.     

Two-compartment sorption of phenanthrene on eight soils with various organic carbon contents

Sorption characteristics of phenanthrene (PHE) were studied on eight soils with organic carbon contents spanning over an order of magnitude using phase distribution relationships (PDRs) at 1 h, 48 h, and 720 h contact times. A new algebraic method was employed to describe the sorption characteristics at different time intervals (between 1 h and 48 h, and 1 h and 720 h). It was found that nonlinearity increased with increasing contact time and sorption that occurred in the subsequent time interval following the initial 1 h exhibited stronger isotherm nonlinearity. Sorption coefficients were positively correlated with the organic carbon contents of the soils. Detailed sorption dynamics were also examined on these soils. A two-compartment, first-order model was used to describe the sorption dynamics. The rate constants of the two compartments differed 18-170 times, suggesting the dissimilar sorption behaviors of the mathematically separated compartments. These two compartments were labeled fast and slow sorption compartment according to the rate constants. Calculation showed that the fast compartment accounted for over 80% of the overall sorption at the initial 1 h, while the slow compartment predominated the total sorption in the following 47 h. By combining the discussion of PDRs and sorption dynamics, the contributions of the two compartments to linear and nonlinear sorption were differentiated. The slow sorption compartment made a major contribution to nonlinear sorption and possibly to sequestration of organic pollutants by these soils.     

The leaching characteristics of selenium from coal fly ashes

The leaching characteristics of selenium from several bituminous and subbituminous coal fly ashes under different pH conditions were investigated using batch methods. Results indicated that pH had a significant effect on selenium leaching from bituminous coal ash. The minimum selenium leaching occurred in the pH range between 3 and 4, while the maximum selenium leaching occurred at pH 12. The release of selenium from subbituminous coal ashes was very low for the entire experimental pH range, possibly due to the high content of calcium which can form hydration or precipitation products as a sink for selenium. The adsorption results for different selenium species indicated that Se(VI) was hardly adsorbable on either bituminous coal ashes or subbituminous coal ashes at any pH. However, Se(IV) was highly adsorbed by bituminous coal ashes under acidic pH conditions and was mostly removed by subbituminous coal ashes across the entire pH range. This result suggests that the majority of selenium released from the tested fly ashes was Se(IV). A speciation-based model was developed to simulate the adsorption of Se(IV) on bituminous coal fly ash, and the pH-independent adsorption constants of HSeO3* and SeO3 2* were determined. The modeling approach is useful for understanding and predicting the release process of selenium from fly ash.     

优势菌处理高浓度苯胺工业废水的研究

本文叙述了从自然界分离选育出能降解苯胺的优势菌种，经人工驯化，构建出具有高效降解性能的微生物体系的试验过程，研究确立了优势菌———活性污泥组合技术工艺，并成功地将其用于含苯胺类工业废水的处理。     

淮河流域可持续发展状态评价

本文在距离指数法和层次分析法的基础上 ,构建了距离指数———层次综合分析法 ,用以评估淮河流域及其子系统的可持续发展状态。评估结果表明 :评估年 (1997年 )相对于参照年 (2 0 0 5年 )而言 ,环境子系统处于不可持续状态 ,资源子系统处于弱可持续状态 ,经济子系统和社会子系统相对较好 ,均处于中度可持续状态 ,整个流域处于弱可持续状态