以硅胶为基质的交联壳聚糖对Ni2+的吸附研究

以硅胶为基质的交联壳聚糖作为重金属Ni^2 的吸附剂，对影响该吸附Ni^2 的因素及吸附剂的再生和其吸附能力的变化，吸附机理等进行了研究。结果显示，吸附剂在一定的实验条件下对Ni^2 的最高吸附量按每克壳聚糖计可达650mg/g，且吸附平衡时间短。在柱法实验中其吸附率在99．9％以上。     

Exploration of reaction rates of chlorine dioxide with tryptophan residue in oligopeptides and proteins

Chlorine dioxide (ClO₂), an alternative disinfectant to chlorine, has a superior ability to inactivate microorganisms, in which protein damage has been considered as the main inactivation mechanism. However, the reactivity of ClO₂ with amino acid residues in oligopeptides and proteins remains poorly investigated. In this research, we studied the reaction rate constants of ClO₂ with tryptophan residues in five heptapeptides and four proteins using stopped-flow or competition kinetic method. Each heptapeptide and protein contain only one tryptophan residue and the reactivity of tryptophan residue with ClO₂ was lower than that of free tryptophan (3.88 × 10⁴ (mol/L)^?1sec^?1 at pH 7.0). The neighboring amino acid residues affected the reaction rates through promoting inter-peptide aggregation, changing electron density, shifting pK_a values or inducing electron transfer via redox reactions. A single amino acid residue difference in oligopeptides can make the reaction rate constants differ by over 60% (e.g. 3.01 × 10⁴ (mol/L)^?1sec^?1 for DDDWNDD and 1.85 × 10⁴ (mol/L)^?1sec^?1 for DDDWDDD at pH 7.0 (D: aspartic acid, W: tryptophan, N: asparagine)). The reaction rates of tryptophan-containing oligopeptides were also highly pH-dependent with higher reactivity for deprotonated tryptophan than the neutral specie. Tryptophan residues in proteins spanned a 4-fold range reactivity toward ClO₂ (i.e. 0.84 × 10⁴ (mol/L)^?1sec^?1 for ribonuclease T1 and 3.21 × 10⁴ (mol/L)^?1sec^?1 for melittin at pH 7.0) with accessibility to the oxidant as the determinating factor. The local environment surrounding the tryptophan residue in proteins can also accelerate the reaction rates by increasing the electron density of the indole ring of tryptophan or inhibit the reaction rates by inducing electron transfer reactions. The results are of significance in advancing understanding of ClO₂ oxidative reactions with proteins and microbial inactivation mechanisms.     

基于DEA模型的区域生态环境建设绩效评价——以江苏省苏州市为例 

选取生态系统服务价值、生态绿当量、人均生态足迹赤字和环境质量综合指数作为区域生态环境质量表征指标，借助DEA模型对区域生态环境建设过程中劳动力投入、资金投入、技术投入和资源投入的绩效进行评价，结果表明：（1）苏州市10年来生态环境建设总体而言绩效良好，DEA有效年份占30％，弱有效年份占20％，无效年份占50％，并且无效年份的效率指数都在0.97以上；（2）导致苏州市最近5年生态环境建设DEA无效的原因主要是资源投入不足，生态用地成为区域生态环境建设刚性约束；（3）通过调整生态环境建设要素投入比例，各种生态环境指标值都将有所提高，区域生态环境质量也将显著改善；（4）地区生态环境建设绩效下降还受地区人口数量增加、人均生态占用增长、生态环境累积效应影响。最后从促进区域社会经济与生态环境协调发展的角度提出相关建议。     

代际财富均衡模型研究

本文通过对可持续发展的核心内容分析。探讨了代际均衡的内含,并建立了一组代际财富均衡模型。     

A critical review of sulfate aerosol formation mechanisms during winter polluted periods

Sulfate aerosol contributes to particulate matter pollution and plays a key role in aerosol radiative forcing, impacting human health and climate change. Atmospheric models tend to substantially underestimate sulfate concentrations during haze episodes, indicating that there are still missing mechanisms not considered by the models. Despite recent good progress in understanding the missing sulfate sources, knowledge on different sulfate formation pathways during polluted periods still involves large uncertainties and the dominant mechanism is under heated debate, calling for more field, laboratory, and modeling work. Here, we review the traditional sulfate formation mechanisms in cloud water and also discuss the potential factors affecting multiphase S(Ⅳ) oxidation. Then recent progress in multiphase S(Ⅳ) oxidation mechanisms is summarized. Sulfate formation rates by different prevailing oxidation pathways under typical winter-haze conditions are also calculated and compared. Based on the literature reviewed, we put forward control of the atmospheric oxidation capacity as a means to abate sulfate aerosol pollution. Finally, we conclude with a concise set of research priorities for improving our understanding of sulfate formation mechanisms during polluted periods.     

博斯腾湖流域沉积物中多环芳烃的时空分布、来源及生态风险评价

在新疆博斯腾湖及其上游采集了8个表层沉积物和1根湖心沉积柱样品,分析了其中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的含量,对其时空分布特征、来源和潜在生态风险进行了研究,并采用~(210)Pb同位素测年法分析了沉积速率和沉积柱的时间跨度.结果表明:表层沉积物样品中PAHs含量范围为57.37～360.24 ng·g~(-1)(干重),开都河沉积物中PAHs以低分子量PAHs(2～3环)为主,博斯腾湖沉积物中PAHs以高分子量PAHs(4～6环)为主.开都河和博斯腾湖沉积物中萘(Nap)、菲(Phe)、苯并(b)荧蒽(BbF)和茚并(1, 2, 3-cd)芘(IP)等单体的含量较高.空间分布呈现出上游河流开都河高于博斯腾湖区,且湖区污染主要集中在湖心处的污染特征.沉积柱样品中15种PAHs含量范围为29.85～211.13 ng·g~(-1),沉积速率为0.18 cm·a~(-1),PAHs组成以5环和6环为主.沉积时间跨度为1852—2016年,PAHs含量峰值出现在1994年.采用比值法对表层沉积物和沉积柱样品进行源解析表明,博斯腾湖流域PAHs主要来源于生物质和煤热解过程,近年来有向煤炭和石油燃烧复合源转变的倾向.效应区间低/中值法(ERL/ERM)和平均效应区间中值商法(M-ERM-Q)评估结果表明,博斯腾湖及其上游表层沉积物中PAHs表现出低生态风险.     

分层型水源水库溶解性有机物性质及其膜污染特性

利用激发-发射矩阵(EEM)荧光光谱和紫外吸收光谱研究了深水型水源水库热分层期溶解性有机物(DOM)性质及其膜污染特性随水深的变化.结果表明,水体热分层导致DOM质量浓度和性质也表现出分层特征.变温层受光化学降解影响较大,DOM质量浓度较低,同时受藻类等浮游植物分泌的内源有机物影响,DOM芳香度较低,类富里酸有机物(C1组分)和类腐殖酸有机物(C2组分)荧光强度较低,但类色氨酸有机物(C3组分)荧光强度较高;斜温层DOM受径流输入影响较大,DOM质量浓度和芳香度较高,C1和C2组分荧光强度较高.膜污染方面,变温层DOM造成的总污染最大,但可逆性较好,斜温层和等温层DOM造成的总污染较低,但可逆性较差;对超滤过程中不同荧光组分迁移的分析表明,超滤膜对C3组分截留率较高,但反冲洗对被截留的C3组分去除效果较好,而被膜截留的C1和C2组分较难被反冲洗去除.     

Emission factors of particulate matter, CO and CO2 in the pyrolytic processing of typical electronic wastes

A self-designed experimental device was employed to simulate the pyrolytic dismantling process of selected electronic wastes(E-wastes), including printed wiring boards(PWBs)and plastic casings. The generated particulate matter(PM) of different particle sizes, carbon monoxide(CO) and carbon dioxide(CO_2) were determined, and the corresponding emission factors(EFs) were estimated. Finer particles with particle sizes of 0.4–2.1 μm accounted for78.9% and 89.3% of PM emitted by the pyrolytic processing of PWBs and plastic casings,respectively, and the corresponding EFs were 9.68 ± 4.81 and 18.49 ± 7.2 g/kg, respectively.The EFs of CO and CO_2 from PWBs and plastic casings were 55.9 ± 26.9 and 1182 ± 439 g/kg,and 133.6 ± 34.6 and 2827 ± 276 g/kg, respectively. Compared with other emission sources,such as coal, biomass, and traffic exhaust, the EFs of E-wastes were relatively higher,especially for PM. There were significant positive correlations(p 0.05) of the initial contents of carbon and nitrogen in PWBs with the related EFs of PM, CO, and CO_2, while the correlations for plastic casings were insignificant. The EFs of CO of PWBs were significantly positively correlated with the corresponding EFs of PM and the parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs); however, the same result was not observed for plastic casings.     

Removing and recycling mercury from scrubbing solution produced in wet nonferrous metal smelting flue gas purification process

Wet purification technology for nonferrous metal smelting flue gas is important for mercury removal; however, this technology produces a large amounts of spent scrubbing solution that contain mercury. The mercury in these scrubbing solutions pose a great threat to the environment. Therefore, this research provides a novel strategy for removing and recycling mercury from the scrubbing solution, which is significant for decreasing mercury pollution while also allowing for the safe disposal of wastewater and a stable supply of mercury resources. Some critical parameters for the electrochemical reduction of mercury were studied in detail. Additionally, the electrodeposition dynamics and electroreduction mechanism for mercury were evaluated. Results suggested that over 92.4% of mercury could be removed from the scrubbing solution in the form of a Hg-Cu alloy under optimal conditions within 150 min and with a current efficiency of approximately 75%. Additionally, mercury electrodeposition was a quasi-reversible process, and the controlled step was the mass transport of the reactant. A pre-conversion step from Hg(Tu)₄²⁺ to Hg(Tu)₃²⁺ before mercury electroreduction was necessary. Then, the formed Hg(Tu)₃²⁺ on the cathode surface gained electrons step by step. After electrodeposition, the mercury in the spent cathode could be recycled by thermal desorption. The results of the electrochemical reduction of mercury and subsequent recycling provides a practical and easy-to-adopt alternative for recycling mercury resources and decreasing mercury contamination.     

景区感知形象与游憩满意度的相关性研究——以紫金山绿道骑行游憩者为例

以南京紫金山景区环山绿道的骑行游憩者为例,通过问卷调查和典型相关分析等方法对游憩者景区感知形象和游憩满意度之间的相关性进行了研究.结果表明,游憩者对景区形象的感知以游憩特色和森林形象最深刻,在游憩满意度方面对自然环境和游憩效益评价最高,景区整体形象对游憩满意度有显著的正向关系,景区形象中的骑行因素和形象因素对特定游憩体验的满意度评价分别产生正面和负面影响.在此基础上,提出了景区形象建设和绿道游憩活动发展的相关建议.