氯乙酸母液氢解制氯乙酸

以氯乙酸母液和氢气为原料，开发了氢解制氯乙酸的新工艺。文中介绍了氢解了反应原理和工艺流程，并介绍了母液预处理，催化剂筛选及氢解反应条件等试验。中试验连续运转的结果表明，工艺路线合理可行，催化剂活性稳定，单程氢解产品产率达到９４％以上，产品氯乙酸的质量达到行业标准，装置运行安全可靠。     

我国废塑料回收利用技术的发展

从我国废塑料回收利用的现状出发，分析了今后我国废塑料回收利用技术的发展趋势和应采取的措施，指出了废塑料回收利用的重要性。     

Wet bench reactive hazards of cleaning stages in semiconductor manufacturing processes

According to the research from FM Global (Factory Mutual Insurance Company), most of the incidents that have occurred in semiconductor plants in the past two decades were reported as “Fire Cases”. They claim that the fires in wet chemical cleaning processes were mainly caused by heater failure. However, depending on the process conditions, electrical heaters are designed to turn off automatically when the temperature reaches a set point. Therefore, a thorough study of the situations related to possible fires in wet chemical cleaning processes is necessary.

This study focused on the incompatible behaviors of cleaning materials used in the wet bench stage. These results can be applied to determine the causes of fires in the wet bench stage from using reactive chemicals for cleaning purposes.

Another purpose of this study was to investigate the potential hazards of widely used chemicals (hydrogen peroxide, concentrated sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and isopropyl alcohol) within similar processes in semiconductor plants. Experimental data were also verified in order to establish a concentration triangular diagram, which could be used to identify a combustion, deflagration or even detonation zone. Finally, this study can provide basic design data for an inherently safer process to avoid potential hazards caused by dangerous mixtures, which may result in large property loss in semiconductor plants.     

Characteristics and model studies for fluoride and arsenic adsorption on goethite

Fluoride and arsenic are major anionic elements of concern in drinking water treatment. The effects of contact time, pH, surface loading and ionic strength on adsorption of fluoride and As(V) were investigated using batch methods. Adsorption of fluoride and As(V) onto goethite obeyed a pseudo second-order rate law. Through experimental data and adsorption kinetic analysis, the affinity of As(V) onto goethite was stronger than fluoride. Fluoride and As(V) uptake by goethite all decreased with pH increasing at the same surface loading; however, ionic strength had slight influence on their adsorption. A surface sites-species model was used to quantify the adsorption of fluoride and As(V) onto goethite as function of pH and surface loading. This model can satisfactorily predict their adsorption characteristics with several adsorption constants.     

北江水体镉沉降影响因素及容量计算研究

以珠江流域北江水体-沉积物中重金属镉综合沉降行为作为研究对象。文章通过总结前人研究成果,综合分析认为沉积物中镉的吸附-释放主要影响因素为沉积物特性、水体文水动力条件和水体物理化学性质变化;对重金属影响因素研究可知沉积物对重金属具有决定性作用,而镉在水体中的综合沉降系数的意义则区别于其它降解性污染物,采用1(/d·m)2作为综合沉降系数k的表达形式,可以充分反映河床表面积的作用,并且应有正负之分;结合实测数据对镉综合沉降系数的计算,得到北江干流段综合沉降系数为0.0049~0.0570d-1;在此基础上采用两种方法计算北江水体重金属环境容量,得到北江长度约202km的河段镉的天然环境容量为24.8~26.3kg/d;最后对深入研究方向提出展望。     

哈尔滨市区绿地对交通噪声衰减效果研究

2007年4月6日-5月30日,采用HS-5633型数字声级仪分别对哈尔滨市区六处主要交通干道进行交通噪声测量,同时在干道周围的绿地进行对比测量,并将所得数据进行分析统计。结果表明,绿地（包括各类林地、草坪、隔离带及其不同组合）对交通噪声的衰减可达2dB（A）以上,减噪效果十分明显,减噪数值与绿地宽度和绿地植被组成有密切关系。因此,应对城市中各种类型的绿地及其组成的混合林地种植予以足够、有效的重视,如高大乔木＋灌木、常绿树＋草坪、乔木＋灌木＋草坪等配置紧凑的绿地类型,并应加大保护力度。     

爆炸磁频率发生器在阻性负载上的电特性分析

为了研究爆炸磁频率发生器在阻性负载情况下的能量累积和电流变化情况,从电路模型入手对直接向阻性负载馈电和通过脉冲变压器耦合馈电两种情况进行了分析研究。研究结果表明,在直接馈电的情况下既无法得到电流放大也无法得到有效的能量累积,而通过脉冲变压器耦合馈电可以得到有效的能量累积。     

Laboratory simulation of SO_2 heterogeneous reactions on hematite surface under different SO_2 concentrations

The variations of sulfate formation and optical coefficients during SO2 heterogeneous reactions on hematite surface under different SO2 concentrations were examined using in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and ion chromatograph (IC). Laboratory experiments revealed that within ambient SO2 of 0.51–18.6 ppmv, sulfate product, producing velocity, absorption and backward scattering coefficients showed an increasing trend with SO2 concentration. Under given SO2 concentra...     

基于骨架构建的污泥脱水/固化研究进展

从现阶段污泥处理与处置存在的问题出发,通过介绍目前污泥可脱水性的研究现状,阐述了基于骨架构建体的污泥脱水及污泥固化技术在污泥处置方面应用的研究现状,提出了污泥调理脱水与固化处置一体化技术在污泥处理与处置方面的应用前景.     

矿山安全标准化创建过程中的危害辨识研究

本文介绍了矿山安全标准化系统的创建过程,阐述了危害辨识在矿山安全标准化创建工作中的重要性以及目前企业危害辨识存在的问题;针对矿山企业的生产实际情况,提出了危害辨识的几种方法.并分析了各种方法的优缺点;详细阐述了开展危害辨识工作的基本步骤,提出了加强危害辨识效果的方法.本研究可为金属非金属矿山安全标准化系统创建提供借鉴参...