自然灾害信息系统结构初探——以长白山火山灾害信息系统为例

以地理信息系统和遥感等具有综合分析,实时反应能力的高新技术为支撑,构建了自然灾害信息系统,指出自然灾害数据库主要包括历史数据库,相关环境数据和遥感信息数据库,并以减灾为视角将系统分为监测子系统,预测子系统,灾害评估子系统,避灾路线选取子系统四个模块。     

Fe（Ⅲ）—邻氯苯基荧光酮络合吸附波的研究

研究Fe(Ⅲ ) -邻氯苯基荧光酮络合吸附波发现 ,Fe(Ⅲ )与邻氯苯基荧光酮在pH为 10 .7的氨 -氯化氨缓冲溶液中形成紫色络合物 ,并于 - 0 .70V左右产生灵敏的络合吸附波。研究表明 ,Fe(Ⅲ )与配位体络合比为 1∶2 ,K稳 为 5 .4× 10 12 ,Fe(Ⅲ )浓度在 0 .8- 2 4μg/L和 2 4- 72 μg/L分段呈线性关系。应用电化学分析手段对其机理进行了研究 ,并将此法用于头发中微量铁的测定     

干化污泥与煤矸石混合热解制可燃气的研究

以某污水厂市政污泥和3种不同产地(峰峰、新柏和山寨)的煤矸石作为研究对象,在实验室分别进行样品预处理后,使用管式电阻炉进行了热解实验。实验结果表明,污泥热解中加入矸石不改变污泥热解产生可燃气的规律。添加煤矸石后污泥热解产生的可燃气量会有所增加,而在污泥热解实验中加入煤矸石会对热解CO气浓度提高有促进,分析认为,部分原因...     

Spatial and seasonal variations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Haihe Plain, China

A dynamic fugacity model was developed to simulate the spatial and seasonal variations of PAHs in Haihe Plain, China. The calculated and measured concentrations exhibited good consistency in magnitude with deviations within a factor of 4 in air and 2 in soil. The spatial distributions of PAHs in air were mainly controlled by emission while the seasonal variations were dominated by emission and gas-particle partition. In soil, the spatial distributions of PAHs were controlled by the soil organic carbon content while the seasonal variations were insignificant. The severest soil contamination was observed in Shanxi and followed by the southwest of Hebei province. Transfer fluxes of total PAHs between air and soil were calculated. The spatial distribution of air-to-soil flux was closely related to the landcover while the soil-to-air flux changed with soil organic matter content. Monte Carlo simulation was done to evaluate the uncertainty of the estimated results in air.     

Air pollution perception in ten countries during the COVID-19 pandemic

As largely documented in the literature, the stark restrictions enforced worldwide in 2020 to curb the COVID-19 pandemic also curtailed the production of air pollutants to some extent. This study investigates the perception of the air pollution as assessed by individuals located in ten countries: Australia, Brazil, China, Ghana, India, Iran, Italy, Norway, South Africa and the USA. The perceptions towards air quality were evaluated by employing an online survey administered in May 2020. Participants (N = 9394) in the ten countries expressed their opinions according to a Likert-scale response. A reduction in pollutant concentration was clearly perceived, albeit to a different extent, by all populations. The survey participants located in India and Italy perceived the largest drop in the air pollution concentration; conversely, the smallest variation was perceived among Chinese and Norwegian respondents. Among all the demographic indicators considered, only gender proved to be statistically significant.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-021-01574-2.     

纳米TiO2-Ag改性VACF处理氨气研究

利用浸渍法将纳米TiO₂-Ag负载于粘胶基活性炭纤维上进行改性来处理低浓度氨气,扫描电镜观测和能量色散谱分析表明纳米TiO₂和Ag均较成功地负载于VACF表面上,改性VACF对氨气脱除性能良好,最大脱除率为93.3%;当Ag⁺掺杂量为TiO₂含量的0.5wt％时氨气脱除率达到最大值;存在最佳相对湿度为55%;在氨气浓度为13～65 mg/m3范围内,浓度越低,脱除效果越好;处理较高浓度氨气可通过增加改性VACF用量;随着反应连续进行,改性VACF稳定性受到影响,但仍具有脱除氨气能力。     

矿山安全标准化管理信息系统研究与开发

分析矿山安全标准化管理系统的14个要素,确定安全生产管理信息系统的主要目标及系统使用的关键技术特点,构建信息管理系统的13个功能模块,并对系统各模块需要实现的功能进行介绍。系统将矿山安全标准化管理设定的各项安全信息及安全管理内容融入到信息管理中,实现了对安全管理过程中大量积累数据的分析和处理,实时动态地展现工艺、环境、设备安全状况和员工的不安全行为,可以使管理人员及时控制风险,达到降低事故发生的目的。     

Direct quantification of organic acids in aerosols by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) is a novel analytical technique for direct surface analysis under ambient conditions. In this work, we report the first application of DESI-MS to the analysis of organic acids in atmospheric aerosols. We took oxalic and oleic acids as two typical representatives of the particulate organic acids. Experimental parameters for DESI-MS were optimized to enhance the signal intensity. Calibrations for both acids showed great linearity over a concentration range of 5 orders of magnitude with correlation coefficients R²>0.99. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 10% for oxalic acid and within 15% for oleic acid measurement. The detection limits for oxalic acid and oleic acid are about 1 pg mm^?2 with 5–10 s sampling time. Mass concentrations of organic acids in both laboratory-generated biomass burning and ambient aerosols were measured by DESI-MS and the results agree well with the ion chromatography (IC) and GC–MS values. This work demonstrates that DESI-MS is a promising method for rapid quantitative analysis of organic acids in atmospheric aerosols.     

城市污水厂污水污泥的热值测定分析方法研究

建立热力学指标是污水生物处理过程热力学分析的基础工作,目前仍缺乏污水污泥化学能测试的标准方法。采用IKA C5000型自动热量计对某城市二级污水处理厂进水、出水、初沉污泥、剩余污泥、混合污泥和脱水污泥进行了热值测定,样品前处理采用103～105℃烘干获得干燥基,用苯甲酸进行加标回收。参照煤的发热量测定方法得到样品的高位热值。试验结果显示：出水干燥基的热值为05 kJ/g,进水干燥基的热值为4 kJ/g以上,各工艺段的污泥干燥基热值较高,基本都在12 kJ/g以上,接近右江褐煤水平。测定结果的标准偏差≤±0.452%,相对标准偏差≤±0.136%。通过同一批样品的元素分析及Dulong公式理论推算,发现2种方法可得到相似的结果。     

六十年的风雨 六十年的发展——新中国的防震减灾事业

新中国成立伊始,党和政府就高度重视防震减灾事业,致力于提升国家防震减灾综合能力。努力减轻地震灾害给经济社会发展和人民生命财产安全造成的影响和损失。防震减灾事业的迅速发展特别是大规模地震预报的研究和实践。起始于1966年的邢台地震。此后,我们走过了一条艰难曲折的发展道路。有过海城地震预报成功的喜悦,