长三角一体化能重塑污染产业空间布局吗？

基于产业地理集中与分散的视角研究了长三角一体化进程中污染密集型产业的空间分布变化,本文探究一体化影响污染产业地理集中的内在逻辑与效果差异,并利用中国工业企业数据库对两者关系展开实证研究,得到如下结论：(1)长三角市场一体化和政府合作一体化能够促进污染产业地理集中度的不断下降,而环境规制一体化在阶段性地降低污染产业地理集中度后,又将引起污染产业地理集中度的再次上升。(2)在市场、制度建设和环境政策共同推动的长三角一体化过程中,长三角政府合作一体化更加显著地降低污染产业地理集中度。(3)异质性污染产业表现出差异化的地理集中倾向,高排放、高迁移成本以及高市场需求的污染产业更倾向于地理集中。     

城市道路交通噪声评价方法研究进展

在分析城市道路交通噪声现状的主要危害的基础上，较全面介绍了国内外城市道路交通噪声评价方法的最新进展。继而分析了评价方面存在的问题，并讨论了这一环境声学领域未来发展方向。     

基于WRF模式的广东海上风资源评估

在概述风资源评估传统方法的基础上,通过以下两个方面对基于WRF模式的海上风资源评估方法进行探讨。首先,详细分析了基于WRF模式的海上风资源评估的过程;其次使用珠江口某设计中的海上风场作为算例,进行了风资源量化估计,并对结果进行了对比。得出的主要结论为,鉴于我国缺乏长期和大面积的海上测风网,使用数值天气预报对海上风资源进行评估是必须的;风切变指数的变化剧烈,不应视作常数;数值预报数据应根据测风塔数据进行校正;对于选定了位置的风场,根据现场测风塔和根据数值天气预报给出的评估结果无显著差别。     

伊春河流域土壤与沉积物中水溶性有机物的含量与吸着系数

利用改变水土比的动态方法测定了采自伊春河流域土壤和沉积样品中水溶性有机物的含量与吸着系数;比较了不同样品间的差异及影响水溶性有机物含量和吸着系数的因素。研究结果表明,草甸沼泽土中水溶性有机物含量最高,沉积物中含量最低。水溶性有机物的吸着系数也呈同样的递变趋势。     

根据分子连接性指数估算极性有机化合物的吸附系数

研究了分子连接性指数与极性有机化合物吸附系数（以有机碳计）的关系．通过对建模组中２１１种极性化合物分子连接性指数与ｌｏｇＫＯＣ进行回归分析，发现仅根据分子连接性指数不能准确地计算其ＫＯＣ值．当在模型中引入极性校正因子后，计算的准确度明显提高．据此建立了估算极性有机化合物ＫＯＣ的定量模型．对所研究的２３１种极性化合物，平均估算误差为０３１个对数单位，４５％的估算误差在０２个对数单位之内．     

鸭绿江口再悬浮沉积物中汞的释放

报道了鸭绿江河口区悬浮物中汞含量随潮态的变化，并通过实验模拟研究了鸭绿江下浮污染沉积物中汞在海水作用下的释放机理。结果表明，在河口区，高潮时悬浮物中汞含量低于低潮时的含量，其原因除了海水中氯离子对悬浮物中汞的络合作用以及碱金属和碱土金属离子的交换作用外，还由于悬浮沉积物中汞主要以有机物，腐殖酸结合态存在，碱性海水能溶解腐殖酸，从而导致与腐殖酸结合态汞的释放。     

Microbial diversity accumulates in a downstream direction in the Three Gorges Reservoir

Organic and inorganic materials migrate downstream and have important roles in regulating environmental health in the river networks. However, it remains unclear whether and how a mixture of materials (i.e., microbial species) from various upstream habitats contribute to microbial community coalescence upstream of a dam. Here we track the spatial variation in microbial abundance and diversity in the Three Gorges Reservoir based on quantitative PCR and 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing data. We further quantitatively assess the relative contributions of microbial species from mainstem, its tributaries, and the surrounding riverbank soils to the area immediately upstream of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD). We found an increase of microbial diversity and the convergent microbial distribution pattern in areas immediately upstream of TGD, suggesting this area become a new confluence for microbial diversity immigrating from upstream. Indeed, the number of shared species increased from upstream to TGD but unique species decreased, indicating immigration of various sources of microbial species overwhelms local environmental conditions in structuring microbial community close to TGD. By quantifying the sources of microbial species close to TGD, we found little contribution from soils as compared to tributaries, especially for sites closer to TGD, suggesting tributary microbes have greater influence on microbial diversity and environmental health in the Three Gorges Reservoir. Collectively, our results suggest that tracking microbial geographic origin and evaluating accumulating effects of microbial diversity shed light on the ecological processes in microbial communities and provide information for regulating aquatic ecological health.     

基于HSPF及回归模型的淡水河流域非点源负荷计算

应用分布式水文模型HSPF结合回归模型,对广东省东江流域中淡水河流域的非点源负荷进行计算.研究结果显示,模型较好地再现了悬浮泥沙(SS)、CODCr、NO3--N及TP在2010年内的通量随时间的变化过程.统计结果表明,淡水河流域的SS、CODCr、NO3--N及TP在汛期的通量对年通量的贡献十分显著,分别占年通量的86.81%、77.56%、69.83%和73.08%;NH4+-N和TN的计算结果与实测值之间拟合程度较弱,可能是由于这两类污染物与人类活动的点源排放关系密切,而本研究中所用回归方程只考虑了径流量与污染物通量之间的关系,并没有更多地考虑与人类活动相关的因素.     

城市居住小区交通噪声总体评价与防治对策研究

根据实测所得交通流量和车型分布。采用预测为主、实测为辅的方法对典型居住小区进行了交通噪声预测。应用噪声冲击指数法对小区交通噪声进行总体评价。在分析小区交通噪声的时间分布特征和空间差异的基础上。提出小区噪声环境的防治对策。并对减噪措施的效率进行了计算和评价。     

Influence of fuel mass load, oxygen supply and burning rate on emission factor and size distribution of carbonaceous particulate matter from indoor corn straw burning

The uncertainty in emission estimation is strongly associated with the variation in emission factor (EF),which could be influenced by a variety of factors such as fuel properties,stove type,fire management and even methods used in measurements.The impacts of these factors are complicated and often interact with each other.Controlled burning experiments were conducted to investigate the influences of fuel mass load,air supply and burning rate on the emissions and size distributions of carbonaceous particulate matter (PM) from indoor corn straw burning in a cooking stove.The results showed that the EFs of PM (EFPM),organic carbon (EFOC) and elemental carbon (EFEC) were independent of the fuel mass load.The differences among them under different burning rates or air supply amounts were also found to be insignificant (p > 0.05) in the tested circumstances.PM from the indoor corn straw burning was dominated by fine PM with diameter less than 2.1 μm,contributing 86.4%±3.9% of the total.The size distribution of PM was influenced by the burning rate and air supply conditions.On average,EF PM,EF OC and EF EC for corn straw burned in a residential cooking stove were (3.84±1.02),(0.846±0.895) and (0.391±0.350) g/kg,respectively.EF PM,EF OC and EF EC were found to be positively correlated with each other (p < 0.05),but they were not significantly correlated with the EF of co-emitted CO,suggesting that special attention should be paid to the use of CO as a surrogate for other incomplete combustion pollutants.