中晚期垃圾渗滤液的处理研究

垃圾渗滤液的处理一直是近几年污水处理领域的热点和难点问题。采用“吹脱-SBR-混凝沉淀-氯化”处理工艺对中晚期垃圾渗滤液进行实验研究，确定了各工艺的最佳运行参数，并对SBR的强化进行了新的探索。结果表明，该工艺可使垃圾渗滤液的COD值从1360mg／L下降到93．6mg／L，BOD，值从320mg／L降低到28mg／L，NH3-N的值从1098．6mg／L下降到16．1ms／L，出水色度接近无色，处理效果良好。     

Growth and metal accumulation in vetiver and two Sesbania species on lead/zinc mine tailings

The lead (Pb)/zinc (Zn) tailings contained high concentrations of heavy metals (total Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd concentrations 4164, 4377, 35 and 32 mg kg(-1), respectively), and low contents of major nutrient elements (N, P, and K) and organic matter. A field trial was conducted to compare growth performance, metal accumulation of Vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides) and two legume species (Sesbania rostrata and Sesbania sesban) grown on the tailings amended with domestic refuse and/or fertilizer. It was revealed that domestic refuse alone and the combination of domestic refuse and artificial fertilizer significantly improved the survival rates and growth of V. zizanioides and two Sesbania species, especially the combination. However, artificial fertilizer alone did not improve both the survival rate and growth performance of the plants grown on tailings. Roots of these species accumulated similar levels of heavy metals, but the shoots of two Sesbania species accumulated higher (3-4 folds) concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd than shoots of V. zizanioides. Most of the heavy metals in V. zizanioides were accumulated in roots, and the translocation of metals from roots to shoots was restricted. Intercropping of V. zizanioides and S. rostrata did not show any beneficial effect on individual plant species, in terms of height, biomass, survival rate, and metal accumulation, possibly due to the rather short experimental period of 5 months.     

介质特性对DBD降解苯的影响

为了提高介质阻挡放电（dielectric barrier discharge，DBD）等离子体的处理效率，研究了内外介质组成分别为：（1）石英＋石英；（2）陶瓷＋石英；（3）陶瓷＋陶瓷这3种情况下苯的降解情况。试验结果表明，在处理低浓度含苯废气时，陶瓷＋陶瓷效果最好；陶瓷（内管）＋石英（外管）在处理高浓度含苯废气时显示出优势。通过对气相产物和固相结焦产物的分析验证了DBD能有效降解苯，降解产物不会带来新的污染。进一步分析了实验条件和介质材料的变化对DBD降解苯的影响机理。     

Study of factors affecting on the extraction efficiency of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from soils using open-vessel focused microwave-assisted extraction

As part of an evaluation of focused microwave-assisted extraction (FMAE) using an open-vessel system, the effects of matrix, moisture content, ageing, and solvent have been studied on the extraction efficiency of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from spiked soils. PAHs were spiked onto three different uncontaminated air dried and originally wet soil matrices with 1- and 20-day ageing periods. Solvents used were hexane–acetone (1:1), cyclohexane–acetone (1:1) and dichloromethane. FMAE only required a small amount of solvent (20 ml) and short extraction time (10 min) in the open cell under 90 W of microwave power. The results revealed that the extraction efficiency strongly depends on the nature of soil matrix; moisture content may enhance the recoveries of PAHs for many cases; and, the influence of the type of solvent is not significant. A comparison between microwave extraction and 16-h Soxhlet extraction has been made on spiked soils. It evidenced that the microwave method under ambient pressure is a suitable alternative to Soxhlet method for the analysis of PAHs in soils. For the evaluation of the developed FMAE method, three reference materials were used. The PAHs recovered from three reference materials were in a good agreement with reference values.     

Relationship between the extractable metals from soils and metals taken up by maize roots and shoots

Two extraction procedures, i.e. a single extraction procedure using low-molecular-weight-organic-acids (LMWOAs) as extractant and a sequential extraction procedure recommended by the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR), were performed to extract metal fractions from wet rhizosphere soil. And the extracted soil solutions were further fractionated as colloidal and truly dissolved fractions. Heavy metals in maize roots were experimentally defined as metals adsorbed on cell wall and metals taken up by cross-membrane by washing with CaCl(2). The correlation coefficients between extractable metals from soil and taken up by maize roots and shoots were compared between two extraction methods, and a good correlation was obtained if LMWOAs were used. In contrast, the correlation coefficients were poor when the BCR method was used.     

维生素C二步发酵中L-山梨糖脱氢酶的性质及作用

从氧化葡萄糖酸杆菌细胞质中分离纯化出L 山梨糖脱氢酶 (SDH) ,其分子量为 46× 10 3 ,表观分子量为 190× 10 3 ;在测试范围内 ,最适pH是 7.4,温度为 5 5℃ ,最稳定的 pH是 7.0 ,温度为 30℃以下 ;FeCl3 促进酶活 ,CoCl2 抑制酶活 .该酶活力与发酵产物 2 酮基 L 古龙酸的合成呈正相关 ;伴生菌促进产酸菌生长和代谢 ,并使该酶比活力增加 ,从而提高发酵系统中该酶的总活力 .图 11表 5参 9     

不同源胡敏酸的表征及其对磺胺嘧啶光降解的影响

以国际腐殖酸协会(IHSS)推荐的方法为基础,对四川省绵阳市青义镇泥炭地、水稻田及凋落物覆盖土层中的胡敏酸(HA)进行提取纯化.通过元素组成、紫外-可见光谱、傅里叶红外光谱及三维荧光光谱对各HA样品的结构特性进行对比分析,并探讨各HA对磺胺嘧啶光降解行为的影响.结果表明:泥炭地HA(NTHA)、水稻田HA(SDHA)、凋落物覆盖土HA(LYHA)及市售商品HA(SPHA)均主要由C、H、O、N 4种元素构成,芳香性大小为SPHANTHALYHASDHA;与提取的HA相比,SPHA含有更多的含氮类、芳香类、脂类化合物及含氧官能团,腐殖化程度高,可能含有较多的光活性基团;磺胺嘧啶(SDZ)在黑暗条件下表现出良好的稳定性,而紫外光照条件下发生了缓慢降解,光降解过程符合一级反应动力学;添加不同来源HA后,各体系SDZ的光降解速率均大于纯水溶液,且HA表现出的促进作用大小为SPHASDHANTHALYHA,这可能与各HA的腐殖化程度相关.     

氧化亚铁硫杆菌密度与营养供给对硫铁矿生物氧化的影响

探究硫铁矿生物氧化过程的影响因素有利于揭示酸性矿山废水形成规律.本研究采用摇瓶试验,探究了氧化亚铁硫杆菌Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans LX5(A.ferrooxidans LX5)密度对硫铁矿生物氧化的影响.同时,在菌密度为1.40×107cells·m L-1的环境中,研究了微生物营养(无铁改进型9K液体培养基)供给对硫铁矿生物氧化的影响.结果表明,A.ferrooxidans LX5及其营养成分的引入显著加速了硫铁矿生物氧化体系H+的释放,0.70×107~2.10×107cells·m L-1A.ferrooxidans LX5的引入,可使得H+释放量较无菌对照提高1.51~3.31倍.半量浓度和全量浓度无铁改进型9K液体培养基的加入,可使菌密度为1.40×107cells·m L-1硫铁矿氧化体系的H+释放量提高3.24与2.75倍.相对于A.ferrooxidans LX5密度为0.70×107cells·m L-1的体系,1.40×107cells·m L-1或2.10×107cells·m L-1A.ferrooxidans LX5的引入明显提高硫铁矿氧化体系总Fe离子与SO2-4的释放效率,且71.9%~88.3%的总Fe离子主要以Fe2+存在.微生物营养供给使得总Fe离子与SO2-4的释放效率加速显著,而总Fe离子几乎全部以Fe3+存在.当菌密度大于1.40×107cells·m L-1时,体系生物氧化后所得硫铁矿表面存在明显的侵蚀坑.相对于半量浓度改进型9K培养基养分供给,全量改进型9K液体培养基的引入由于体系次生铁矿物覆盖硫铁矿明显而抑制了总Fe离子与SO2-4的释放.硫铁矿氧化所得酸性废水经Ca O中和至pH约为7.00,总Fe近乎全部去除,而SO2-4去除率相对较低(26.7%~73.9%).本研究所得结果对明晰酸性矿山废水形成规律具有一定的指导意义.     

Effect of relative humidity and the presence of aerosol particles on the α-pinene ozonolysis

The α-pinene ozonolysis under the different environmental conditions were observed in a smog chamber. The second-order rate constant(k) was determined to be(7.25 ± 0.06) ×10~(–17)cm~3/(molecule·sec) under 20% of relative humidity(RH) and room temperature. RH showed a marked influence on the α-pinene ozonolysis. The value of k increased with RH increase, which was 1.6 times faster at RH = 80% than that at RH = 20%. Additionally, the value of k apparently changed in the presence of the aerosol particles. The diesel soot increased the k value. The fly ash prohibited the reaction, however, H_2SO_4-treated fly ash promoted the reaction. The information of products gained using FT-IR and SPAMS showed that pinonic acid, 10-hydroxy-pinonic acid and pinic acid could be generated during the α-pinene ozonolysis. Water molecules could take part in the formation of the products, and play a vital role in the degradation of α-pinene. The atmospheric residence time calculation showed that the ozonolysis in the atmosphere is an important way of the α-pinene consumption as compared to that reacted with OH during daytime. The results suggested that the degradation of α-pinene via the ozonization in the atmosphere may be affected greatly by RH, as well as the presence of aerosol particles. The ozonolysis reaction may be an important way of the α-pinene consumption during daytime.