土壤中水溶性有机碳与铜的相互影响

通过向土壤溶液中加入Ｃｕ２＋和可溶性有机碳(ＤＯＣ),研究它们之间的相互作用．结果发现,加入铜可以显著改变土壤水溶性有机碳(ＷＳＯＣ)的吸着平衡,并降低了其水溶性．影响程度在０．８ｍｍｏｌ·ｌ－１Ｃｕ以下随铜浓度的增加而增加．加入０．５ｍｍｏｌ·ｌ－１铜的土壤中 ＷＳＯＳ含量从 ０．２７ｍｇ Ｃ·ｇ－１降至０．０４７ｍｇ Ｃ·ｇ－１,吸着系数从６．６×１０－３ｌ·ｇ－１降至３．３×１０－３ｌ·ｇ－１．另一方面,用Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ方程描述铜离子在土壤中的吸附行为(液相浓度单位取ｍｍｏｌ·ｌ－１,固相浓度取ｍｍｏｌ·ｇ－１土),ｋ＝９．ｌ×１０－３;ｎ＝３．４０． 加入ＤＯＣ后,ｋ＝９．２×１０－３;ｎ＝３．６６,没有明显改变土壤对铜的吸附性能．加入小同浓度的ＤＯＣ,结果仍说明该浓度范围内ＤＯＣ(＜８ｍｇ Ｃ·ｌ－１)的加入没有明显改变土壤对铜的吸附性能．     

Vc二步发酵离体实验系统的建立

以氧化葡萄糖酸杆菌和巨大芽孢杆菌混合培养物的无细胞抽提液为基本反应液,在试管中建立了Vc二步发酵离体实验系统,将底物山梨糖加入反应体系后在pH7．0,35℃下保温24h,2－酮基－L－古龙酸生成,加入巨大芽孢杆菌胞外活性物质对离体系统的产酸没有影响,一定量的L－山梨糖脱氢酶可促进产酸,试验了pH、θ／℃、金属离子、电子受体、去污剂等对该系统产酸的影响,并就其作用机理进行了探讨,结果表明离体系统产酸的最适pH和θ／℃分别是8和．40℃,Fe^3 促进产酸,Co^2 抑制产酸2,6－二氯酚定酚作为电子受体促进细胞膜组分产酸,但对细胞质组分没有影响,Triton X-100和Tween80抑制产酸。     

考虑旅客携行行为的安检系统服务参数优化研究

为提高公共交通安检系统服务效率,考虑旅客"绕行取行李""等待取行李"的携行行为,分析安检系统服务流程,构建安检系统的Jackson排队网络模型;分析旅客人体安检和行李安检之间的速度差,厘定在携行行为条件下及不同情境中旅客提取行李前的等待时间,并修正安检系统的Jackson排队网络模型;优化安检系统服务参数,实现系统服务...     

运用遗传算法进行污水厂费用函数拟合

污水厂费用函数的建立是城市污水厂建设规划中的重要环节之一。为了探索建立该函数的有效方法,本研究采用遗传算法,用收集到的若干污水厂的设计建设费用,进行污水厂费用函数的参数估计,并用牛顿法及其改进方法与其进行比较,结果显示遗传算法的拟合效果优于比较方法,说明运用遗传算法进行污水厂费用函数拟合是可行的。     

近期长江河口横沙通道冲淤变化与微地貌特征

于2015年2月1~7日利用多波束测深系统对长江口横沙通道河槽进行走航测量，结合人类活动强干扰下的海图水深数据及河槽表层沉积物资料分析近期长江河口横沙通道河槽冲淤变化与微地貌特征，探讨河槽冲淤演变和床面微地貌之间的相关性以及河口河槽冲淤演变过程和微地貌特征对人类活动的响应。结果显示：近年来横沙通道河槽持续受到冲刷，2002~2013年泥沙净冲刷量为0.86 × 108m3，平均每年冲刷0.08 × 108m3，其原因可能与三峡蓄水工程、北槽深水航道治理工程和北港青草沙水库工程的实施有关。而横沙通道的河床冲刷对圆圆沙航槽和北槽航道的泥沙回淤具有一定的贡献；其底床上除发育平滑床底外，还广泛发育凹坑和冲刷痕等侵蚀性微地貌，且河槽受到冲刷导致底沙推移质运动增强，促进了沙波微地貌的发育。     

Environmental characteristics and land-use pattern changes of the Old Huanghe River delta,eastern China,in the sixteenth to twentieth centuries

The interaction between human and land in estuarine–coastal areas has become a focus of the global change research. Since the sixteenth century, the Old Huanghe River delta has experienced rapid accretion, the formation of rich ecological resources and diverse land use pattern changes; such information, in combination with a large number of historical documents, provides a unique research area for revealing the processes for ecosystem–human changes. We use historical documents and adopt multidisciplinary methods, to identify the relationship between ecosystem changes and human activities, on the basis of spatial and temporal analysis, for in the Old Huanghe River delta region. The results indicate that, in the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries, the long-term monopolistic development pattern under the government leadership, which occupied large quantities of ecological resources, controlled the coastal salt industry and marsh land exploitation. However, along with the delta ecosystem change and population growth, the development pattern became gradually unsustainable, i.e., the salt industry migrated toward the north, while the farming activities migrated toward the south with enhanced intensity of marsh reclamation. The government monopoly collapsed in the late nineteenth century, which enlarged the independent development space for the local residents, which, to a large extent, improved the land-use efficiency and reduced the population pressure.     

基于因子分析的电缆烟气毒性评估

<正>火灾条件下电缆燃烧烟气的毒性分析对于电缆火灾安全研究非常重要。为了研究典型电缆燃烧烟气的组分及毒性大小定量,通过搭建试验装置并进行实验研究。对采集的实验数据采用FED模型进行了烟气的毒性评价,并进一步采用因子分析法对组分烟气数据进行分析。分析结果表明,基于因子分析法的烟气毒性评价方法与FED模型分析结果趋于一致,但此方法可以揭示出更多有用信息用以指导电缆火灾危险性评价。研究为电缆燃烧烟气的毒性效应评价提出了一种新的思路。     

Cut-off net acid generation pH in predicting acid-forming potential in mine spoils

Acidification of mine wastes can lead to a series of environmental problems, such as acid drainage, heavy metal mobilization, and ecosystem degradation. Prediction of acid-forming potential is one of the key steps in management of sulfide-bearing mine wastes. In this paper, the acid-forming potential of 180 mine waste samples collected from 17 mine sites in China were studied using a net acid generation (NAG) method. The samples contained different contents of total sulfur (ranging from 0.6 to 200 g kg(-1)), pyritic sulfur (ranging from 0 to 100 g kg(-1)), and acid neutralization capacity (ANC, ranging from -41 to 274 kg H2SO4 t(-1)). Samples with high acid-forming potential are generally due to their high sulfur content or low acid neutralization capacity. After the samples were oxidized by H2O2, the amounts of acid generation and the final NAG pH were measured. Results indicated that the final NAG pH gave a well-defined demarcation between acid-forming and non-acid-forming materials. Samples with final NAG pH >or= 5 could be classified as non-acid-forming materials, while those with NAG pH 2.5, but < 5, had low risk of being acid-forming. The confirmation of cut-off NAG pH will be used as a rapid and cost-effective operational monitoring tool for the in-pit prediction of acid-forming potential of mine wastes and classification of waste types.     

The Application of Water Quality Monitoring Data in a Reservoir Watershed Using AMOS Confirmatory Factor Analyses

This study investigates six water quality monitoring stations in the watershed of the Feitsui Reservoir. It uses nine parameters of water quality collected in an interval of two and half years for factor analyses, which was first conducted to determine four types of factors, respectively, those for organic pollution, eutrophication, seasonal influence, and sediment pollution. The analysis results effectively help to determine water quality in the watershed of the reservoir. The authors reutilize analysis of moment structures (AMOS) to acquire further results in order to confirm the goodness of fit of the previous factor analysis model. During the confirmation, we examine the hypothesized orthogonal results as well as utilize oblique rotation to explore the goodness of fit of the reflective indicators of the orthogonal rotation. As shown in the algorithm results, as long as the covariance curve is included in the four factors, no related issues are detected in the goodness of fit of reflective indicators and interior and external quality is reported with excellence. The orthogonal model, thus, stands. Additionally, when the analysis of structural equation modeling (SEM) is conducted, sample data mismatches the hypotheses of multivariate normality. Therefore, this study adopts the generalized least square (GLS) for an algorithm. Research results of this study have been submitted to the reservoir management authorities in Taiwan for the improvement of statistical application and strategic evaluation of water quality monitoring data in order to strengthen the managerial effectiveness of water quality in watersheds.