南京市城区和郊区PM2.5中碳质组分特征差异及来源分析

为比较南京市城区和郊区细颗粒物（PM_2.5）中碳质组分特征及来源差异，利用碳组分在线监测仪器对2022年城区和郊区有机碳（OC）和元素碳（EC）进行连续监测。研究结果表明：（1）2022年南京市城区OC、EC质量浓度分别为（5.24±2.39），（1.27±0.62）μg/m³，郊区OC、EC质量浓度分别为（5.67±2.45），（1.32±0.70）μg/m³。2022年OC和EC质量浓度水平分别较2014—2018年均显著下降。城区和郊区的OC、EC质量浓度均呈现冬季高、夏季低的特点。从日变化特征看，城区和郊区OC和EC质量浓度均呈现白天低、夜间高的特点，并且具有明显的峰谷值。（2）城区和郊区OC、EC均在冬季呈现良好的相关性，显著高于春季和夏季。根据碳质组分与气态污染物的关系以及ρ（OC）/ρ（EC）分析结果，城区和郊区均存在二次污染，机动车和燃煤是城、郊区的主要污染源，机动车源对城区影响大于郊区，燃煤源对郊区影响大于城区。（3）污染源的直接排放对南京市OC的质量浓度水平影响较大，郊区二次有机碳（SOC）质量浓度高于城区。城区需要重点关注机动车排放，郊区需要与周边区域协同治理燃煤、生物质燃烧等方面的污染排放。     

Evaluating Phosphorus Loss for Watershed Management: Integrating a Weighting Scheme of Watershed Heterogeneity into Export Coefficient Model

The identification of critical source areas (CSAs) and critical source periods (CSPs) are essential prerequisites for cost-effective practices of non-point source (NPS) pollution control. A simple empirical tool combining Export Coefficient Model (ECM) and a Geographic Information Systems (GIS)-based weighting scheme of watershed heterogeneity was proposed to estimate annual and monthly phosphorus loss, to identify critical source areas and periods, and to assess pollution control practices. The GIS-based weighting scheme was developed to represent the transport potential of runoff to move phosphorus from the land surfaces to waters, as a supplement to the source-based ECM. The empirical tool was applied to the Dianchi Lake watershed of China. The results showed that the total phosphorus loss from NPS in 2008 was 352.3 tons. The agricultural land was recognized as the largest and the most spatially various source type. The lakeside plain and the terraces of the watershed were identified as CSAs, which generated more than 90 % of non-point phosphorus. The early part of wet season (from May to August) was the CSPs, when about 70 % of non-point phosphorus was lost. The reduction of phosphorus fertilizers and the vegetated buffer strips (VBS) were effective in controlling phosphorus loss from NPS in the watershed. A reduction of 20 % in phosphorus fertilizer application combined with the set-up of VBS in both riparian area of the main watercourses and the lakeside areas would decrease 25 % of phosphorus loss.     

Analysis on ecological status and spatial–temporal variation of Tamarix chinensis forest based on spectral characteristics and remote sensing vegetation indices

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The reserve of Tamarix forest, located in Changyi, China, is the only national marine special reserve taking Tamarix as the main object of protection....     

基于结构方程模型的认知性VDT作业过程解析

为实现通过过程控制和管理提高认知性视觉显示终端(VDT)作业人员可靠性和绩效的目标,应用结构方程模型(SEM)研究作业过程表征方法.构建认知性VDT作业的信息加工过程模型,抽取13个基本认知动素(CT1),提出CT1概念结构模型假设,设计外显指标测试题项,运用问卷调查样本数据构建结构方程和测量方程;对测量数据与结构方程...