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41.
Pastorinho MR Telfer TC Soares AM Nogueira AJ 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(12):3343-3350
Risk assessment of metals in the environment is performed mainly with toxicity evaluations on single metals, which is largely inadequate since these substances occur in mixtures. The development of models predicting combined toxic effects on the basis of the concentration-response relationships of individual compounds has emerged as an answer. In the present study, metal effects on post-exposure anorexia (the concept of FdC(50)--concentration causing 50% of feeding inhibition--is implemented) in Echinogammarus marinus, a widely distributed gammarid amphipod, were assessed and compared with modelled ones obtained through the application of the concentration addition (CA) model, which represents a reasonable worst-case scenario for the risk assessment of metal mixtures. Data were validated using in situ experiments performed along a latitudinal gradient (Iceland, Scotland and Portugal) aiming at establishing a geographic profile of autochthonous population susceptibilities to metals. For all of the metals studied concentrations in the water column at exposure sites were in good agreement with feeding inhibition levels. Models gave low to relatively high percentage agreement between predictions and experimental data. Boreal populations demonstrated higher susceptibility to single metals, but not to mixture exposures. Meridional populations denoted lower susceptibilities with higher FdC(50). 相似文献
42.
Soares Jéssica Maria Alexandre da Silva Júnior Elenildo Dário Oliveira de Veras Bruno Yara Ricardo de Albuquerque Priscilla Barbosa Sales de Souza Marthyna Pessoa 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2022,30(1):217-231
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - Bioactive biodegradable films are emerging biomaterials in the food packaging field. This study aims to investigate the effect of different Cenostigma... 相似文献
43.
Soares Laene Oliveira de Moraes Danielle Rodrigues Hernández-Callejo Luis Boloy Ronney Arismel Mancebo 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(49):74346-74364
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This paper discussed the possibility of replacing the internal combustion engine of the series plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) powered by... 相似文献
44.
Carbon consumption and nitrogen requirements were estimated for populations of the sandy beach bivalve Donax serra on nine beaches of the west coast of South Africa. Subtidal populations composed mainly of adult clams were responsible for
the bulk of standing stock (3538 g C m−1), annual carbon consumption (13 444 g C m−1 yr−1), faeces production (6478 g C m−1 yr−1 ) and nitrogen regeneration (2525 g N m−1 yr−1). Kelp detritus, bacteria and kelp consumers' faeces available in the water column surpass several times the carbon and nitrogen
requirements of intertidal and subtidal clam populations. Individual Donax serra pop ulations, in turn, may regenerate up to 3.2% of the total nitrogen requirements of all primary producers from kelp beds
and 14% of the requirements of phytoplankton. These high standing stocks of clams are presumably supported mainly by organic
matter originating from kelp which, in contrast to phytoplankton, is in constant supply and comprises the largest proportion
of the annual production of particulate organic matter on this coast. Wide and shallow continental shelves with gentle slopes
probably limit the penetration of upwelled waters to the nearshore waters, decreasing the influence of external inputs and
increasing the importance of internal flows of nutrients and carbon within the nearshore zone. In this context, sandy beaches,
rocky shores and kelp beds may be more closely interlinked compartments of a larger ecosystem encompassing the whole nearshore
than traditionally thought.
Received: 28 August 1996 / Accepted: 7 October 1996 相似文献
45.
In vivo evaluation of three biomarkers in the mosquitofish (Gambusia yucatana) exposed to pesticides 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In this study, the acute toxicity and the in vivo effects of commercial chlorpyrifos, carbofuran and glyphosate formulations on cholinesterase (ChE), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities of the mosquitofish (Gambusia yucatana) were investigated. In a first phase of the study, head and muscle ChE were characterized with different substrates (acetylthiocholine iodide, s-butyrylthiocholine iodide and propionylthiocholine iodide) and the selective inhibitors eserine hemisulfate, 1,5-bis(4-allyldimethylammoniumphenyl)-pentan-3-one dibromide (BW284C51), and N,N'-diisopropylphosphorodiamic acid (iso-OMPA). The results obtained suggest that the enzyme present in both head and muscle of G. yucatana is mainly acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Acute toxicity was evaluated by exposing fish to several concentrations of single pesticides and of a mixture of chlorpyrifos/glyphosate. LC50 values were determined after 96 h of exposure, except in the case of carbofuran for which LC50 was calculated after 24 h since almost all the fish died within this period. LC50 values were 0.085 mg/l for chlorpyrifos, 17.79 mg/l for glyphosate, 0.636 mg/l for carbofuran and 0.011 mg/l for the chlorpyrifos/glyphosate mixture. A Toxic Unit approach was used to compare the toxicity of chlorpyrifos and glyphosate when occurring in a mixture with their toxicities as single compounds. Synergistic effects of chlorpyrifos and glyphosate when present in a mixture were found. At the end of each bioassay (24 h for carbofuran, 96 for the other substances/mixture), effects on biomarkers were analyzed. Muscle LDH activity was not altered by any of the three pesticides tested. Gill GST activity was significantly inhibited (40%) by carbofuran after 24 h of exposure to concentrations equal or higher than 0.06 mg/l. ChE muscle and head activity were significantly inhibited (50% and 30%, respectively) by carbofuran at concentrations equal or higher than 0.25 mg/l. Chlorpyrifos induced a significant inhibition of both muscle and head ChE (80% and 50%, respectively) after 96 h of exposure to concentrations equal or higher than 0.05 mg/l. Carbofuran did not induce significant alterations of fish ChE. The ChE EC50 determined for chlorpyrifos/glyphosate mixture (0.070 mg/l) was higher than the correspondent value calculated for chlorpyrifos alone (0.011 mg/l) suggesting an antagonistic effect of glyphosate on ChE inhibition by chlorpyrifos. ChE activity of G. yucatana seems to be a good biomarker to diagnose the exposure of wild populations of this species exposed to anticholinesterase pesticides. 相似文献
46.
Sediments as monitors of heavy metal contamination in the Ave river basin (Portugal): multivariate analysis of data 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
Soares HM Boaventura RA Machado AA Esteves da Silva JC 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》1999,105(3):311-323
The concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) were determined in river sediments collected at the Ave river basin (Portugal) to obtain a general classification scenery of the pollution in this highly polluted region. Multivariate data analysis techniques of clustering, principal components and eigenvector projections were used in this classification. Five general areas with different polluting characteristics were detected and several individual heavy metal concentration abnormalities were detected in restricted areas. A good correlation between the overall metal contamination determined by multivariate analysis and metal pollution indexes for all sampling stations was obtained. Some preliminary experiments showed that the metal concentrations normalised to the volatile matter content in the sediment fraction with grain size <63 microm seems to be an adequate method for assessing metal pollution. 相似文献
47.
Marta C. Soares Sónia C. Cardoso Isabelle M. Côté 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2007,61(7):1015-1022
Predation risk is amongst the most pervasive selective pressures influencing behaviour and animals have been repeatedly shown
to trade-off foraging success for safety. We examined the nature of this trade-off in cleaning symbioses amongst Caribbean
coral reef fishes. We predicted that cleaning gobies (Elacatinus evelynae and Elacatinus prochilos) should prefer fish clients that pose a low risk of predation (e.g. herbivores) over clients that may have more ectoparasites
but pose a higher risk (e.g. piscivores). Our field observations revealed that cleaners did clean preferentially client species
with more parasites but predatory and non-predatory clients had similar ectoparasite loads. Despite the lack of a foraging
advantage for inspecting predators, cleaners did not avoid risky clients. On the contrary, a larger proportion of visiting
predators than non-predators was inspected, gobies initiated more interactions with predatory clients, and predators were
attended to immediately upon arrival at cleaning stations. This preferential treatment of dangerous clients may allow the
rapid identification of cleaners as non-prey item or may be due to the effect of predators on the rest of the cleaners’ clientele,
which avoided cleaning stations whilst predators were present. Dealing with potentially risky clients may allow gobies to
regain access to their main food source: non-predatory clients. 相似文献
48.
Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Gould) is an introduced species in the estuary of the Mondego River (Portugal): it was first recorded from the Iberian Peninsula in 1989. The larval development of this population was studied under laboratory conditions at different temperatures and salinities, and showed a larval development pattern very similar to that reported for American estuarine populations of this species. Larval development was negatively correlated with temperature. Time to megalopa varied between 7 and 35 d; the first crab (C1) was reached after a maximum of 11 to 43 d. Larval development was optimum at 25°C and 15S. Larval survival was maximum at 10, 15 and 20S at all three temperatures studied (20, 25 and 30°C). The percentage of abnormal megalopae increased with increasing salinity to a maximum (100%) at 30S; incidence of abnormality was not affected by temperature. 相似文献
49.
Juliano Gonçalves Pereira Vanessa Mendonça Soares Fernanda Gil de Souza Leonardo Ereno Tadielo Emanoelli Aparecida Rodrigues dos Santos Mário Celso Sperotto Brum Andreia Henzel Eduarda Hallal Duval Fernando Rosado Spilki Wladimir Padilha da Silva 《Food and environmental virology》2018,10(4):365-372
The aim of this study was to investigate hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis E (HEV), and rotavirus (RV) in fresh and processed meat traded on the border of Brazil with Argentina and Uruguay. In total, 159 samples of raw and processed foods of animal origin were collected in Paso de los Libres, Argentina (n?=?53 raw meat, n?=?24 processed meat) and Rivera, Uruguay (n?=?55 raw meat, n?=?18 processed meat), or were seized by the Brazilian International Agricultural Surveillance System—VIGIAGRO (Brazil–Argentina border) (n?=?8 raw meat, n?=?1 bush meat). All samples were tested for the presence of HAV, HEV, and RV genomes. HAV genes were detected in 18.23% of samples and RV genes in 23.89%. No HEV-positive samples were detected. HAV was also detected in two of the VIGIAGRO samples. Processed meats from Argentina and Uruguay had a higher rate of HAV and RV than raw meat (P?>?0.05). The median HAV in the Argentinian and Uruguayan samples was 6.9?×?104 and 3.5?×?103 copies/g, respectively. The presence of RV viral genes in raw meats from Argentina was significant, and this was not observed in processed meats. The presence of HAV and RV genes in a significant portion of products from Argentina and Uruguay is a potential source of human infection. This also indicates precarious conditions of acquisition, processing, and manipulation, which could be improved by improved regulation of food across borders. 相似文献