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41.
Phytoextraction has shown great potential as an alternative technique for the remediation of metal contaminated soils. The objective of this study was to investigate cadmium (Cd) phytoextraction ability of high biomass producing weeds in comparison to indicator plant species. The pot study conducted with 10 to 200 mg Cd kg(-1) soil indicated that Ipomoea carnea was more effective in removing Cd from soil than Brassica juncea. Among the five species, B. juncea accumulated maximum Cd, but I. carnea followed by Dhatura innoxia and Phragmytes karka were the most suitable species for phytoextraction of cadmium from soil, if the whole plant or above ground biomass is harvested. In the relatively short time of this experiment, I. carnea produced more than 5 times more biomass in comparison to B. juncea. There were significant differences (p < 0.05) between the shoot length and shoot mass of control and treated plants. 相似文献
42.
In this study, the potential of spent activated carbon from water purifier (Aqua Guard, India) for the removal of atrazine (2 chloro-4 ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1, 3, 5 triazine) from wastewaters was evaluated. Different grades of spent activated carbon were prepared by various pretreatments. Based on kinetic and equilibrium study results, spent activated carbon with a grain size of 0.3-0.5 mm and washed with distilled water (designated as WAC) was selected for fixed column studies. Batch adsorption equilibrium data followed both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm. Fixed bed adsorption column with spent activated carbon as adsorbent was used as a polishing unit for the removal of atrazine from the effluent of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating atrazine bearing domestic wastewater. Growth of bacteria on the surface of WAC was observed during column study and bacterial activity enhanced the effectiveness of adsorbent on atrazine removal from wastewater. 相似文献
43.
44.
Blood flow across the atrioventricular valves and outflow tracts was measured in 55 normal fetuses and 32 fetuses with haemoglobin (Hb) Bart's disease between 18 and 26 weeks of gestation. The mean velocities remained unchanged in both normal and affected fetuses over the gestations studied. The volume flow across both atrioventricular valves and outflow tracts increased as the gestation advanced in both normal and affected fetuses, but was significantly higher in affected than in normal fetuses. The same magnitude of increased flow was found in both hydropic and non-hydropic fetuses with Hb Bart's disease. These findings suggest that fetuses with severe and long-standing anaemia have a remarkable cardiac compensatory mechanism for the maintenance of tissue oxygenation. In response to anaemia and circulatory loading, the cardiac chambers and outflow tracts enlarge proportionately up to twice the normal values. Because of this response and the operation of the Frank-Starling mechanism, the heart is able to maintain a normal mean velocity of propulsion and the net output is increased to two to three times that in normal fetuses. Hydropic changes in these anaemic fetuses appear unrelated to cardiac failure as cardiac failure is not observed at the time that hydropic changes develop. 相似文献
45.
Dr A. Ghosh J. S. K. Woo C. W. Wan C. Machenry V. Wong H. K. Ma Vivian Chan T. K. Chan 《黑龙江环境通报》1985,5(1):59-65
Haemoglobin A2 (HbA2) levels were determined on 25 β-thalassaemia carriers by the microcolumn method and were found to range from 4.5–7.2 per cent (mean 5.2±0.82 S.D.). The haemoglobin level (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), plasma ferritin and HbA2 levels were measured on a further 299 cconsecutive Chinese pregnant women at a gestation of less than 24 weeks. 18 patients (6 per cent) had HbA2 level greater than 4.5 per cent and were diagnosed to be β-thalassaemic carriers. It was observed that all these patients had a MCV below 75 fl. If this level is selected in a screening procedure based on measurement of MCV alone all β-thalassaemia carriers could be detected and 11 per cent of the population screened would require HbA2 estimation. At a lower cut-off level of 70 fl, 8 per cent of the population screened wouid require HbA2 measurement (a decrease of 27 per cent) but the detection rate will be lowered considerably (83 per cent). The high false positive rate at all cut-off levels of MCV was largely due to the prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia in the population. Estimation of plasma ferritin level in patients with low MCV will reduce this false positive rate, but there will be a considerable delay in diagnosis in patients with concomitant iron deficiency and β-thalassaemia. The presence of iron deficiency in β-thalassaemia carriers did not reduce their HbA2 level below the diagnostic range in this study. Measurement of Hb level did not appear to be useful as a screening method since one third of the β-thalassaemia carriers had a Hb level over 11 g/dl. The validity of the MCV cut-off levels derived from the first part of the study was assessed in screening a larger population. 61 β-thalassaemia carriers (6 per cent) were detected out of 1166 patients screened. This incidence was not significantly different from the first part of the study. All these 61 patients had a MCV less than 75 ml. It was concluded that a two-step screening policy, based on MCV measurement followed by HbA2 estimation when the MCV value is less than 75 fl, is suitable for our population. It is efficient, straight forward with excellent sensitivity and required less time and effort for both laboratory staff and clinicians. 相似文献
46.
Twenty-six pregnant Chinese women who were at risk of giving birth to a fetus affected with homozygous α-thalassaemia-1 were examined serially by ultrasound. Six of these 26 pregnancies were affected. In one third of the affected pregnancies progressive fetal ascites appeared before 24 weeks gestation and these pregnancies were terminated. In the remaining two thirds abnormal estimated fetal weight-placental volume (EFW-PV) ratio and fetal growth retardation as evidenced by a falling biparietal diameter (BPD), femur length (FL) but a normal abdominal circumference (AC) was apparent by 28 weeks gestation. Increased transverse cardiac (TC) diameter was another consistent finding but appeared late. All these features appeared before the onset of fetal ascites. A normal EFW-PV ratio and fetal growth until 28 weeks gestation was a reassuring sign of normality. Abnormal EFW-PV ratio was the earliest sign to appear in affected pregnancies and a normal ratio until 28 weeks gestation had a 100 per cent predictive value. 相似文献
47.
Aparajita Majumder Kallol Bhattacharyya S. C. Kole Sagarmoy Ghosh 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(8):5645-5653
Selected arsenic-volatilizing indigenous soil bacteria were isolated and their ability to form volatile arsenicals from toxic inorganic arsenic was assessed. Approximately 37 % of AsIII (under aerobic conditions) and 30 % AsV (under anaerobic conditions) were volatilized by new bacterial isolates in 3 days. In contrast to genetically modified organism, indigenous soil bacteria was capable of removing 16 % of arsenic from contaminated soil during 60 days incubation period while applied with a low-cost organic nutrient supplement (farm yard manure). 相似文献
48.
Rajiv K. Sinha Vinod Chandran Brijal K. Soni Upendra Patel Ashok Ghosh 《The Environmentalist》2012,32(4):445-452
Earthworms are justifying the beliefs of Great Russian scientist Dr. Anatoly Igonin who said they are????disinfecting, detoxifying, neutralizing, protective and productive??. Studies indicate that some species of earthworms can ??bio-accumulate, biodegrade or bio-transform?? any toxic chemicals including ??heavy metals??, ??organochlorine pesticide??, ??herbicides??, and the lipophilic organic micro-pollutants like ??polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons?? (PAHs). Worm vermicasts, due to the presence of ??hydrophilic?? groups in the ??lignin contents?? and ??humus??, also provide wonderful sites for ??adsorption?? of heavy metals and chemical pollutants in wastewater. Vermifiltration of wastewater using waste-eater earthworms is a newly conceived novel technology with several economic and environmental advantages. The earthworm??s body and the their ??vermicast?? work as a ??biofilter?? removing BOD5 by over 90?%, COD by 60?C80?%, TDSS by 90?C95?%, and toxic chemicals and pathogens from wastewater. This was a pioneering work done on an extremely ??toxic wastewater?? from the petroleum industry. It contained mixture of ??aliphatic?? and ??aromatic?? volatile petroleum hydrocarbons (C 10?CC 36) and ??organochlorines?? originating from the cooling liquids, waste engine and gear oil, waste transmission and brake fluid, grease, spilled petrol, and diesel oil. The aliphatic fraction contained cycloalkanes as well as a complex mixture of saturated toxic hydrocarbons. The aromatic fraction mainly consisted of PAHs, which are more toxic and persistent than the aliphatic part. The chemicals of concern were the total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), dichloromethane (DCM), dichloroethane (DCE), and t-butyl methyl ether (tBME). The tBME compound has raised global concern recently due to its high mobility and persistence in the environment and possible carcinogenicity. About 1,000 earthworms (species Eisenia fetida) were released in the soil of vermifilter bed. They not only tolerated and survived in the toxic petroleum environment but also bio-filtered and bio-remediated the dark-brown petroleum wastewater with a pungent smell into pale-yellow and odorless water indicating disappearance of all toxic hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbons C 10?CC 14 were reduced by 99.9?%, the C 15?CC 28 by 99.8?%, and the C 29?CC 36 by 99.7?% by earthworms. 相似文献
49.
Supriyo De Somiranjan Ghosh Raghunath Chatterjee Y-Q Chen Linda Moses Akanchha Kesari Eric P. Hoffman Sisir K. Dutta 《Environment international》2010,36(8):907-917
In this study we have examined the effect of exposure to different congeners of PCBs and their role in oxidative stress response. A metabolically competent human liver cell line (HepG2) was exposed with two prototype congeners of PCBs: coplanar PCB-77 and non-coplanar PCB-153. After the predetermined times of exposure (0–24 h) at 70 μM concentration, the HepG2 cells showed significant apoptotic changes by fluorescent microscopy after 12 h of exposure. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) identified oxidative stress as the predominant enrichment. Further, paraquat assay showed that PCB congeners lead to oxidative stress to different extents, PCB-77 being more toxic. This study, with emphasis on all recommended microarray quality control steps, showed that apoptosis was one of the most significant cellular processes as a result of oxidative stress, but each of these congeners had a unique signature gene expression, which was further validated by Taqman real time PCR and immunoblotting. The pathways involved leading to the common apoptotic effect were completely different. Further in-silico analysis showed that PCB-153 most likely acted through the TNF receptor, leading to oxidative stress involving metallothionein gene families, and causing apoptosis mainly by the Fas receptor signaling pathway. In contrast, PCB-77 acted through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. It induced oxidative stress through the involvement of cytochrome P450 (CYP1A1) leading to apoptosis through AHR/ARNT pathway. 相似文献
50.
Rahel C. Brändli Upal Ghosh Gijs D. Breedveld Gerard Cornelissen 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(12):3465-3470
Activated carbon (AC) strongly sorbs organic pollutants and can be used for remediation of soils and sediments. A method for AC quantification is essential to monitor AC (re)distribution. Since AC is black carbon (BC), two methods for BC quantification were tested for AC mixed in different soils and sediments: i) chemothermal oxidation (CTO) at a range of temperatures and ii) wet-chemical oxidation with a potassium dichromate/sulfuric acid solution. For three soils, the amount of AC was accurately determined by CTO at 375 °C. For two sediments, however, much of the AC disappeared during combustion at 375 °C, which could probably be explained by catalytic effects by sediment constituents. CTO at lower temperatures (325-350 °C) was a feasible alternative for one of the sediments. Wet oxidation effectively functioned for AC quantification in sediments, with almost complete AC recovery (81-92%) and low remaining amounts of native organic carbon (5-16%). 相似文献