Biodiversity of brackish water amphipods (crustacean) in two estuaries, southeast coast of India

The present study about the gammarid amphipods of Vellar and Uppanar estuaries was performed during two seasons (pre-monsoon and post-monsoon, 2005–2006), respectively, in nine habitats: five in the Vellar estuary and four in the Uppanar estuary. Amphipod samples were collected from sediments, oyster beds, seaweeds, sea grass, and mangroves. A total of 29 species of gammarid amphipods were collected in each area. The surface water temperature ranged from 16°C to 26°C, the salinity from 20 to 32 psu, and the pH between 7.5 and 8.3. Dissolved oxygen ranged from 5.3 to 7.8 ml/l. The maximum abundance of amphipods was observed during the pre-monsoon (July to September) in Vellar mangrove, and it was minimum during the pre-monsoon in Uppanar sea grass. It was found that several physicochemical factors, such as salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and the substrate have a marked effect on the distribution and the relative abundance of amphipods. The ranges of species diversity, richness, dominance, and evenness in the Vellar and Uppanar estuaries were 1.58–4.15, 1.82–5.29, 0–0.11, and 0.96–1, respectively. Using multivariate analyses, in each estuary, it was possible to identify different communities of amphipod species according to their habitats.     

A comparative study on milk packaging using life cycle assessment: from PA-PE-Al laminate and polyethylene in China

A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach was used to compare the environmental impacts in the life cycle of two milk packaging systems, PA-PE-Al laminate—a laminated foil made from paper, polyethylene and aluminum foil—and polyethylene. The data for the mass, energy fluxes and environmental emissions were obtained from published literature and from site investigations, for the two systems being analyzed for environmental impacts. The application of LCA using Eco-Indicator 99 has made the comparison of the environmental impacts of the two milk packages possible. The results of this LCA study are discussed and the results reveal that the composite packaging has a slightly higher environmental impact than the plastic one. In addition, the environmental impact of raw material extraction is the highest in all of the life cycle stages except for disposal. The environmental impact of composite packaging mainly comes from the fossil fuels, land use and respiratory inorganics categories, while the plastic packaging mainly comes from the fossil fuels category. However, the composite packaging has a greater environmental impact because it has not been well recycled and reused. This environmental impact could be decreased by developing the technology to separate out polyethylene and aluminum from the packaging.     

Aquatic photolysis of hydroxylated polybromodiphenyl ethers under direct UV irradiation: a case study of 2′-HO-BDE-68

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Hydroxylated polyhalodiphenyl ethers (HO-PXDEs) have attracted considerable scientific interest as examples of emerging aquatic pollutants. However, a...     

三叶鬼针草生物量分配与化感作用对大气温度升高的响应

全球气候变暖已经成为不容置疑的事实,同时外来入侵植物对入侵地的生态环境造成严重的危害,外来入侵植物可能对温度升高做出积极地响应。文章研究了不同温度(22、26和30℃)处理对入侵植物三叶鬼针草(Bidens pilosa L.)种子萌发、幼苗生物量分配及化感作用的影响,探讨三叶鬼针草对全球气候变暖的响应策略。结果表明;温度为22和26℃比30℃有利于三叶鬼针草种子的萌发。温度升高显著增加三叶鬼针草的株高、生物量和叶面积,三叶鬼针草幼苗增加对茎和叶的生物量投资。同时相同浓度的三叶鬼针草水浸提液对马唐(Digitaria sanguinalis(L.)Scop)和牛筋草(Eleusine indica(L.)Gaertn)的化感作用随着温度升高而增强。研究表明:温度升高促进了三叶鬼针草的生长,改变生物量分配模式同时增强了对受体植物的化感作用。温度升高可能是促进三叶鬼针草入侵的生态环境因子之一,未来全球气温变暖可能使其入侵加剧。     

嘉陵江吻(鱼句)生长和繁殖力研究

本文根据采自嘉陵江合川江段的483尾标本,研究吻(鱼句)的生长和繁殖力,并对其资源的增殖保护和合理利用提出初步意见。     

自然灾害灾情划分指标研究

本文阐述了灾情分析中的两个基本方面，即损失的规模和损失的深度，提出了灾级和灾度的概念，对于影响灾级和灾度的主要指标也进行了分析。并就时间和空间变化对灾级划分界线的影响作了论述。     

灾度指数及其意义

本文分析了现行支度判别方法的不足，指出评价灾度时必须充分考虑承灾体对灾害的反应情况，并且根据判别准则的可比性原则，提出了灾度指数的概念，并以此做为灾度评价因子，旨在促进灾度评估工作的定量化、科学化，为防灾减灾服务。     

江苏沿海滩涂开发现状分析

本文作者根据多年的江苏滩涂开发利用调查资料，着重分析了江苏滩涂开发成就，开发潜力和制约因素三方面的现状，提出了加快滩涂开发的重要措施。     

地面水中叶枯灵的高效液相色谱测定

本文采用反相高效液相色谱法，在质控条件下，对河水，塘水两种地面水中叶枯灵的检验方法进行了测试，用Shimapck ODS柱为分析柱，以甲醇：水＝50：50为流动相，并用冰醋酸调PH至4－5，紫外检测波长281nm，两种水样的平均回收率分别为91．7－96．3％，90－95．8％，相对标准偏差为4．3％，最低检出限为0．0261mg/l，为地面水中叶枯灵卫生标准的实施提供了简便，灵敏，正确的配套测试手段。