城市污水排江工程模型试验的研究

对城市污水排江问题进行了模拟试验,通过对水力模型不同试验工况中改变喷嘴个数、射流速度、射流角度和上升管间距条件下的试验结果分析,结合武汉市污水排江工程问题,确定了黄浦路、平湖门尾水排放中的近区多喷口形式的最佳工程参数,实践证明效果良好。     

我国环境保护必须打攻坚战和持久战

我国自然环境优越但很脆弱,人均自然资源较少,生态破坏很严重,生态欠帐很多。目前我国在科技水平还比较低的条件下进行大规模的工业化、城市化也对环境产生巨大冲击,产生一些新的环境问题。因此我国环境保护具有长期性和艰巨性,必须坚持不懈地努力,打攻坚战和持久战。     

自由表面流人工湿地处理超稠油废水

采用自由表面流芦苇湿地处理超稠油废水。当芦苇床的水力负荷为3．33cm/d时,对于年平均进水COD459．16mg/L,石油类27．65mg/L,BOD5 33.52mg/L,TN13.74mg/L的超稠油废水,该系统的出水指标为COD77．21mg/L,石油类1．42mg/L,BOD53.90mg/L,TN1.60mg/L。去除率分别为：COD83．18％,石油类94．86％,BOD588．37％,TN88．36％,pH值由7．87降至7．77。处理后的超稠油废水对土壤的污染并不明显,对芦苇的生长和材质指标几乎没有影响。可见,自由表面流芦苇湿地深度处理超稠油废水的出水水质稳定,耐冲击负荷强,是一种经济有效的超稠油废水处理新方法。     

铬的浸出毒性试验方法研究

以铬为分析指标,探讨了钻井废充泥浆在不同的提取剂、没的提取时间、不同的固液比以及不同的提取方式下铬的浸出毒性大小,提出了适合评价钻井废充泥浆中铬的浸出毒性的试验方法。     

Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Plastics Molded from Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Modified Soy Protein Isolates

Soybean protein is a potential material for manufacturing of biodegradable plastics. The objective of this investigation was to characterize the thermal and mechanical properties of plastics made from sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-modified soy proteins. Soy protein isolate (SPI) was prepared from defatted soy flour, modified with various concentrations of SDS, and then molded into plastics. The temperatures of denaturation of the modified soy protein increased at low SDS concentration and then decreased at high SDS concentration. At the same SDS concentration, the plastics molded from the modified soy proteins showed a similar temperature of denaturation, but a lower enthalpy of denaturation compared to the modified soy protein. Young's modulus of the plastics decreased as SDS concentration increased, and the tensile strength and strain at break of the plastics reached a maximum value at 1% SDS modification. Two glass transition temperatures were identified corresponding to the 7S and 11S globulins in SPI by dynamic mechanical analysis, and they decreased as SDS concentration increased. The SDS modification increased the water absorption of the plastics.     

炼钢炼铁除尘污泥直接应用于烧结配料的实践

介绍了炼钢炼铁除尘污泥直接用于烧结配料的新工艺。     

减速机齿轮表面探伤优化选择

采用模糊集的贴近度计算对齿轮表面探伤方法进行了优化选择,表明旋转磁场探伤是齿轮表面探伤的最佳方法,在实用中检测出大量的正在延伸扩展的表面疲劳裂纹.     

柴达木盆地水资源承载力研究

提出了以期望人口为核心的水资源承载力指标体系,并应用于柴达木盆地水资源承载力的实际研究． 用柴达木盆地水资源承载力系统动力学仿真模型（ＳＤＳＭＷＲＳＣＣＢ）计算了人口等承载力指标的预测值,把期望值和预测值进行了深入分析比较,推断出柴达木盆地水资源承载力．     

Effect of soil crust on evaporation and dew deposition in Mu Us sandy land, China

The development of soil crust on sandy land may affect the surface hydrological process. This paper investigates the process of evaporation and dew deposition influenced by different soil surface types which were dominated by sand, primitive biotic crust, and advanced biotic crust, respectively, in the south fringe of Mu Us sandy land in Northwest China from July to September of 2006. The experimental results indicate that the advanced biotic crust could increase evaporation and dew deposition compared to the primitive biotic crust and bare sand although the differences between them were not significant. The average evaporation from advanced biotic crust, primitive biotic crust and sand was 6.8, 6.6, and 6.5 mm/d, respectively, and water content is around 16.2 % in the condition of initially identical soil. The average dew amount on advanced biotic crust was 0.116 mm/d with extreme 0.05 and 0.24 mm/d. The average values on primitive biotic crust and sand were 0.105 and 0.101 mm/d, respectively, with extreme 0.04 and 0.21 mm/d for both treatments. Also, the dew deposition on advanced biotic crust seemed stable and might rest for a longer time than that on primitive biotic crust and sand. The results suggest that the advanced biotic crust possibly facilitates evaporation and dew deposition. Therefore, the development of biotic crust may potentially enhance the hydrological circulation in the upper sand layer in sandy land.     

北江表层沉积物中铊污染的生态风险

为了解珠江水系北江流域表层沉积物中铊的含量,并在此基础上评价珠江流域北江铊污染现状及其生态风险,该研究于2006年采集了广东省北江韶关至清远段的沉积物样品,采用混酸消解后,使用ICP-MS测定了沉积物中铊的含量,应用潜在生态危害指数对北江的铊污染和生态危害进行评价.结果表明,珠江水系北江河段沉积物已达到了较高的铊污染水平,对周围环境存在着较高的铊生态风险.北江干流沉积物中的铊质量浓度范围为0.92 ~ 2.32 mg·kg-1,平均值为1.70 mg·kg-1;各支流沉积物中铊质量浓度范围为1.02 ~ 3.22 mg·kg-1.个别采样点,特别是接近韶关冶炼厂排放口附近沉积物中铊的含量达到7.78 mg·kg-1,具有极高的铊生态风险.对于北江各支流,铊的污染程度与潜在生态风险程度由高到低的排序为马坝河>武江>浈江>滨江>龙塘河,其中马坝河沉积物铊存在高度的生态风险.