Removal and pre-concentration of phenolic species onto beta-cyclodextrin modified poly(hydroxyethylmethacrylate-ethyleneglycoldimethacrylate) microbeads

Poly(Hydroxyethylmethacrylate-Ethyleneglycoldimethacrylate), poly(HEMA-EGDMA), microbeads with 150-200 microm in size, was prepared by suspension polymerization. Beta-cyclodextrin was modified onto the polymeric microbeads using glutaraldahyde activation in an acidic medium at pH=2.5. FT-IR and TGA were used for the characterization of modified polymers and the determination of the nature of the interaction between phenolic compounds and the modified polymeric microbeads. Plain and beta-cyclodextrin modified microbeads were used in adsorption-desorption studies of phenolic species in single solution. Adsorption capacities of the phenolic species onto the plain microbeads were found to be 28.2, 17.0, 14.3, 9.8, and 1.92 mg/g polymer for o-chloro phenol, p-nitro phenol, p-chloro phenol, o-nitro phenol, and phenol, respectively. However, for beta-cyclodextrin modified microbeads, adsorption capacity of phenolic species was determined as 274, 365, 128, 182, and 87 mg/g for phenol, o-nitro phenol, p-nitro phenol, o-chloro phenol, and p-chloro phenol, respectively. Desorption ratio for the phenolic species was more than 90%, except for o-nitro phenol. Detection limits of the phenolic species were improved at least 500-fold for UV-Vis spectrophotometric detection, after the pre-concentration of all phenolic species used in this study. Adsorption time for the phenolic species onto beta-cyclodextrin-modified poly(HEMA-EGDMA) microbeads was found to be reasonable short (10-60 min) and suitable for the applications. Also, synthesized microbeads were useful for the repeated use for the removal and pre-concentration of phenolic species.     

跨海桥梁大尺度基础波浪荷载计算方法对比研究∗

波浪荷载是跨海桥梁基础的主要环境荷载之一。为了探究大尺度桥梁基础上各类波浪荷载计算方法的差异,分别采用了当前研究中较常用的Morison方程、规范、基于边界元法的三维绕射理论和基于Navier‐Stokes方程的CFD方法计算了某跨海桥梁大尺度圆端型沉井基础在规则波作用下的波浪荷载,研究了不同结构相对尺度对各方法计算结果的影响,并重点比较分析了后两种数值方法的三维流场分布,三维压力场分布,以及非线性二阶力效应的影响。结果表明,在结构相对尺度为0.2左右时,上述方法的计算结果接近,随着结构相对尺度的增加,边界元与CFD方法依然吻合较好,规范方法给出了较为保守的波浪荷载,Morison方程可能高估了波浪拖曳力的贡献。边界元与CFD方法计算得到的速度场与压力场结果整体趋势一致,但在沉井前端自由液面与物面,沉井侧面的波谷等局部区域会产生明显差异,这可能是由于二者考虑绕射效应与黏性效应的理论不同。在边界元方法中考虑非线性二阶力效应会使其波浪荷载结果小幅度增大,并在频谱中增加差频二阶力及和频二阶力成分,考虑非线性二阶力效应后,边界元与CFD方法的频谱曲线更加吻合,边界元方法能更精确地计算波浪荷载。边界元与CFD方法均能合理地给出大尺度结构物波浪荷载结果,研究结论可为跨海桥梁工程波浪荷载的准确计算提供了依据。     

7.0 m采高综采面回采巷道变形破坏规律研究

针对神东矿区大柳塔煤矿采用7.0 m采高综采面回采5-2煤三盘区时回采巷道出现不同程度的变形破坏现象,采用现场实测的方法对52304及52303工作面回风顺槽之间的区段煤柱进行了巷道变形及应力变化规律的监测,并运用FLAC3D数值模拟软件对不同埋深条件下两工作面之间区段煤柱的应力分布规律进行了模拟,最后总结分析了回采巷道变形破坏的机理,并得出采空区段煤柱的失稳是造成回采巷道变形破坏的根本原因。从而为巷道的合理布置及相应控制对策的提出提供基础数据,以保证矿井安全高效的生产。     

Classification of residential areas according to physical vulnerability to natural hazards: a case study of Çanakkale,Turkey

The selection of new settlement areas and the construction of safe buildings, as well as rendering built‐up areas safe, are of great importance in mitigating the damage caused by natural disasters. Most cities in Turkey are unprepared for natural hazards. In this paper, Çanakkale, located in a first‐degree seismic zone and sprawled around the Sartçay Delta, is examined in terms of its physical vulnerability to natural hazards. Residential areas are analysed using GIS (geographic information system) and remote‐sensing technologies in relation to selected indicators. Residential areas of the city are divided into zones according to an evaluation of geological characteristics, the built‐up area's features, and urban infrastructure, and four risk zones are determined. The results of the analysis show that the areas of the city suitable for housing are very limited. In addition, the historical centre and the housing areas near Sartçay stream are shown to be most problematic in terms of natural disasters and sustainability.     

Effects of Matricaria chamomilla L. on lipid peroxidation,antioxidant enzyme systems,and key liver enzymes in CCl4-treated rats

In this study, we investigated the effects of Matricaria chamomilla L. extract (MCE) on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme systems, and several liver enzymes in carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-treated rats. Rats were divided into five groups. The first group (control group) was fed on standard feed. The rats in the other groups (CCl₄, MCE50, MCE100, and MCE200) were injected intraperitoneally with 0.8?mL?kg^?1 CCl₄. Moreover, rats in the MCE50, MCE100, and MCE200 groups were gavaged with 50?mg?kg^?1, 100?mg?kg^?1, and 200?mg?kg^?1 MCE, respectively. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, whole blood malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels, and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) activity levels were measured after 14 days of exposure. ALT and AST in the CCl₄ group increased significantly in comparison to the control group (p?4, MCE50, MCE100, and MCE200 groups at different significance levels. In conclusion, the findings suggest that, depending on the dose administered, MCE decreases CCl₄-induced damage and consequent oxidative stress in rats; it affects the antioxidant system positively.     

Potentiometric studies of mixed complexes of cobalt(II) and copper(II) with l‐Asparagine and adenine

A potentiometric titration technique has been used to determine the stability constants for the various complexes of Co(II) and Cu(II) with L‐asparagine and from DNA base, e.g. adenine. Stability constants of ternary systems have been evaluated by the method suggested by Irwing‐Rossotti. In addition, the conditional constants were calculated as a function of pH. The maximum values of the conditional formation constants were found to be in accordance with the mixed‐ligand complex formation constants in a determined pH region. Furthermore, the molar fractions of different species from mixed complexes were calculated by means of formation constants. The values of stability constants of mixed‐ligand complexes at 25°C are as follows: log K= 5.25 for Co(II)‐L‐asparagine‐adenine; log K= 9.30 for Cu(II)‐L‐asparagine‐adenine. The ionic strength was kept constant at I = 0.20 with NaClO₄.     

Evaluation of industrial waste black cumin (Nigella Sativa) for biohydrogen production without pretreatment

Environment, Development and Sustainability - The depletion of fossil fuels and the fact that fossil fuels pollute the environment accelerated the trend toward environmentally friendly energy...     

Treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater containing antibiotics by O3 and O3/H2O2 processes

Ozonation of three different synthetic pharmaceutical formulation wastewater containing two human antibiotics and a veterinary antibiotic has been studied to enhance the their biodegradability. The effects of pH and initial chemical oxygen demand (COD) value as well as addition of hydrogen peroxide on ozonation process were investigated. Total organic carbon (TOC), COD, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and aromatic content (UV254) were the parameters followed to evaluate the performance of ozonation process. Comparison of the biodegradability of selected wastewaters containing different antibiotics confirmed that the variation of biodegradability was associated with the target compound. While BOD5/COD ratio of veterinary antibiotic formulation wastewater was increased from 0.077 to 0.38 with an applied ozone dosage of 2.96 g/l, this ratio for human antibiotic I and human antibiotic II was increased from 0 to 0.1 and 0.27 respectively. Moreover the results of this investigation showed that the ozonation process is capable of achieving high levels of COD and aromaticity removals at about their natural pH values.