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11.
Vo Thi Thanh Loc Simon R. Bush Le Xuan Sinh Nguyen Tri Khiem 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2010,12(6):889-908
This paper investigates the structure, function and wealth distribution within the Pangasius hypophthalmus and Henicorhynchus spp./Labiobarbus spp. value chains in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. The analysis is driven by key questions relating to the form and function
of value chains, their contribution to the livelihoods of farmers and fishers, the effectiveness of government policy and
the potential for value chain governance mechanisms, such as contracts and certification, to steer towards sustainable production.
The results indicate that actors in the high value Pangasius hypopthalmus export chain have a higher potential income, but face considerably higher economic vulnerability from global markets. Alternatively,
Henichorhychus/Labiobarbus spp. fishers are severely constrained in their ability to negotiate higher prices for their fish but appear to be less vulnerable
to economic and environmental change. The paper concludes that for value chain governance to improve the livelihoods of fishers
and farmers in both high and low value chains, new arrangements are needed that better accommodate customary institutions
and informal market relations. 相似文献
12.
Jianteng Sun Jiyan Liu Qian Liu Ting Ruan Miao Yu Yawei Wang Thanh Wang Guibin Jiang 《Chemosphere》2013,90(9):2388-2395
Hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs) along with methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-PBDEs) have been frequently identified as natural compounds in marine environment and also assumed as metabolites of PBDEs. In the present study, nine OH-PBDE, nine MeO-PBDE and 10 PBDE congeners were studied in the sewage sludge collected from 36 municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in 27 cities of China. The results suggest that OH-PBDEs and PBDEs are ubiquitous in sewage sludge in China, however, methoxylated PBDEs were not detectable. Composition profiles of detected OH-PBDE congeners were different depending on the sampling location. ΣOH-PBDEs in WWTPs sludge ranged from 0.04 to 2.24 ng g?1 dry weight (mean: 0.35 ng g?1 dry weight). The total amount of the two most prominent congeners (6-OH-BDE-47 + 2′-OH-BDE-68) accounted for about 53.3–100% of the sum of all six identified congeners. A significant linear relationship was found between 6-OH-BDE-47 and 2′-OH-BDE-68. A distinct geographical distribution of ΣOH-PBDEs was observed with greater concentrations of OH-PBDEs at coastal areas than inland regions in China. 相似文献
13.
Fengjiang is a large e-waste dismantling site located in southeast China. In this paper, apple snail and soil samples were collected from this e-waste dismantling site and 25 vicinal towns to investigate the contamination status, spatial distributions and congener patterns of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated biphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Total PCB concentrations in apple snails (3.78-1812 ng g−1 dry weight (dw)) were significant higher than that in soil samples (0.48-90.1 ng g−1 dw). PBDE (excluding BDE 209) concentrations in apple snail and soil samples ranged from 0.09 to 27.7 ng g−1 dw and 0.06 to 31.2 ng g−1 dw, respectively. Concentrations of PCBs and PBDEs in snails and soils correlated negatively with the distance from Fengjiang. Both the concentrations and profiles of the pollutants were significantly correlated (p < 0.05) between the snail and soil samples, indicating the suitability of apple snail as a reliable bioindicator for PCBs and PBDEs contamination in this region. Relatively high concentrations of PCBs and PBDEs at locations far from e-waste dismantling sites implied that these pollutants have been transported to surrounding regions. 相似文献
14.
Huy Thanh Vo Tsuyoshi Imai Truc Thanh Ho Thanh-Loc Thi Dang Son Anh Hoang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2015,36(10):38-47
Recently emerging disadvantages in conventional disinfection have heightened the need for finding a new solution. Developments in the use of high pressure carbon dioxide for food preservation and sterilization have led to a renewed interest in its applicability in wastewater treatment and water disinfection. Pressurized CO2 is one of the most investigated methods of antibacterial treatment and has been used extensively for decades to inhibit pathogens in dried food and liquid products. This study reviews the literature concerning the utility of CO2 as a disinfecting agent, and the pathogen inactivation mechanism of CO2 treatment is evaluated based on all available research. In this paper, it will be argued that the successful application and high effectiveness of CO2 treatment in liquid foods open a potential opportunity for its use in wastewater treatment and water disinfection. The findings from models with different operating conditions (pressure, temperature, microorganism, water content, media …) suggest that most microorganisms are successfully inhibited under CO2 treatment. It will also be shown that the bacterial deaths under CO2 treatment can be explained by many different mechanisms. Moreover, the findings in this study can help to address the recently emerging problems in water disinfection, such as disinfection by-products (resulting from chlorination or ozone treatment). 相似文献
15.
A new laboratory test system for electron beam ionization in electrostatic precipitator geometries has been constructed to measure ion current density as a function of voltage difference for clean plate (no dust contamination) conditions. The new system incorporates improved electrodes which withstand an applied voltage of ± 55 kV, a factor of 5 increase over the previous test system. A 3 MeV Van de Graaff accelerator produced ionizing electron beams of 1.2 and 2 MeV energy with beam currents of 10.5 and 21 μA in place of corona wire ionization. Ion current densities of up to 130 mA/m2 were measured before breakdown between the plates, and no ion current saturation was observed. A comparison of I-V curves and sparkover voltages for various beam energies, currents, and types of collimation is discussed and the need for measurements with good beam geometry is addressed. 相似文献
16.
17.
Arsenic in groundwaters of the Lower Mekong 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Stanger G Truong TV Ngoc KS Luyen TV Thanh TT 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2005,27(4):341-357
Increasing incidence and awareness of arsenic in many alluvial aquifers of South-east Asia has raised concern over possible
arsenic in the Lower Mekong Basin. Here, we have undertaken new research and reviewed many previous small-scale studies to
provide a comprehensive overview of the status of arsenic in aquifers of Cambodia and the Cuu Long Delta of Vietnam. In general
natural arsenic originates from the Upper Mekong basin, rather than from the local geology, and is widespread in soils at
typical concentrations of between 8 and 16 ppm; (dry weight). Industrial and agricultural arsenic is localised and relatively
unimportant compared to the natural alluvial arsenic. Aquifers most typically contain groundwaters of no more than 10 μg L−1, although scattered anomalous areas of 10 to 30 μg L−1 are also quite common. The most serious, but possibly ephemeral arsenic anomalies, of up to 600 μg L−1, are associated with iron and organic-rich flood-plain sediments subject to very large flood-related fluctuations in water
level, resulting in transient arsenopyrite dissolution under oxidizing conditions. In general, however, high-arsenic groundwaters
result from the competing interaction between sorption and dissolution processes, in which arsenic is only released under
reducing and slightly alkaline conditions. High arsenic groundwaters are found both in shallow water-tables, and in deeper
aquifers of between 100 and 120 m depth. There is no evidence of widespread arsenicosis, but there are serious localised health-hazards,
and some risk of low-level arsenic ingestion through indirect pathways, such as through contaminated rice and aquaculture.
An almost ubiquitous presence of arsenic in soils, together with the likelihood of greatly increased groundwater extraction
in the future, will require continuing caution in water resources development throughout the region. 相似文献
18.
Gia Thanh Nguyen Jian Pu Takayuki Miura Hiroaki Ito Shinobu Kazama Yoshimitsu Konta An Van Le Toru Watanabe 《Food and environmental virology》2018,10(1):61-71
This study investigated the level of norovirus contamination in oysters collected at a lagoon receiving urban drainage from Hue City for 17 months (August 2015–December 2016). We also investigated the genetic diversity of norovirus GI and GII in oyster and wastewater samples by using pyrosequencing to evaluate the effect of urban drainage on norovirus contamination of oysters. A total of 34 oyster samples were collected at two sampling sites (stations A and B) in a lagoon. Norovirus GI was more frequently detected than GII (positive rate 79 vs. 41%). Maximum concentrations of GI and GII were 2.4 × 105 and 2.3 × 104 copies/g, respectively. Co-contamination with GI and GII was observed in 35% of samples. Norovirus GII concentration was higher at station A in the flood season than in the dry season (P = 0.04, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Six genotypes (GI.2, GI.3, GI.5, GII.2, GII.3, and GII.4) were identified in both wastewater and oyster samples, and genetically similar or identical sequences were obtained from the two types of samples. These observations suggest that urban drainage and seasonal flooding contribute to norovirus contamination of oysters in the study area. 相似文献
19.
Taro Miyoshi Thanh Phong Nguyen Terumi Tsumuraya Hiromu Tanaka Toru Morita Hiroki Itokawa Toshikazu Hashimoto 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2018,12(3):1
20.
Fuzawa Miyu Duan Jinglin Shisler Joanna L. Nguyen Thanh H. 《Food and environmental virology》2021,13(3):401-411
Food and Environmental Virology - Hydroponic production of vegetables is becoming more common, especially in regions with unfavorable climate for year-round crop production. However, if viruses are... 相似文献