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181.
Stephen Tong Tu'uhevaha Joy Kaitu'u-Lino Susan Philippa Walker Teresa Mary MacDonald 《黑龙江环境通报》2019,39(11):947-957
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is associated with threefold to fourfold increased risk of stillbirth. Identifying FGR, through its commonly used surrogate—the small-for-gestational-age (SGA, estimated fetal weight and/or abdominal circumference <10th centile) fetus—and instituting fetal surveillance and timely delivery decrease stillbirth risk. Methods available to clinicians for antenatal identification of SGA fetuses have surprisingly poor sensitivity. About 80% of cases remain undetected. Measuring the symphysis-fundal height detects only 20% of SGA fetuses, and even universal third trimester ultrasound detects, at best, 57% of those born SGA. There is an urgent need to find better ways to identify this at-risk cohort. This review summarises efforts to identify molecular biomarkers (proteins, metabolites, or ribonucleic acids) that could be used to better predict FGR. Most studies examining potential biomarkers to date have utilised case-control study designs without proceeding to validation in independent cohorts. To develop a robust test for FGR, large prospective studies are required with a priori validation plans and cohorts. Given that current clinical care detects 20% of SGA fetuses, even a screening test with ≥60% sensitivity at 90% specificity could be clinically useful, if developed. This may be an achievable aspiration. If discovered, such a test may decrease stillbirth. 相似文献
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184.
T. Stoichev M. Clara P. Basto Vitor Vasconcelos M. Teresa S.D. Vasconcelos 《Chemistry and Ecology》2013,29(5):395-399
Interactions of nonylphenol (NP), a toxic and oestrogenic degradation product of widely used non-ionic surfactants, with the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa were studied. Batch cultures were incubated for 10 days with NP concentrations between 10 and 570 nM. NP was removed more quickly in the presence of M. aeruginosa (half-life 2.7–5.2 days) than in its absence (half-life 6.7–10.2 days) at all concentrations tested. At the end of the experiment, NP could not be found in the biomass, so the biotic removal is due to uptake and chemical transformation, and not to physical binding on the cells. The observed effective concentrations, EC50 and EC20, were 0.45 and 0.25 μ M, respectively. Therefore, NP is expected to have toxic effects on M. aeruginosa only in very contaminated surface waters. However, for concentrations that go far beyond environmental levels, cyanobacteria are able to cope with NP toxicity by internalising the compound in a less toxic form. Therefore, the presence of cyanobacteria may increase the rate of NP removal from the aquatic environment. 相似文献
185.
Cousillas A Pereira L Heller T Alvarez C Mañay N 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2012,34(2):207-211
Environmental lead contamination in Uruguay became a matter of public concern in 2001, when cases of children with blood lead
levels (BLL) higher than 20 μg/dl appeared in some low-income neighborhoods of Montevideo, being 10 μg/dl the intervention
reference BLL. The aim of this paper is to show the results of multidisciplinary actions taken by decisions makers in social,
environmental and healthcare aspects, to minimize lead exposure risks. We evaluated changes in blood lead levels of different
children and non-exposed adult populations before and after the actions were taken, from 2001 on. For children populations and non-exposed adults, we found a significant decrease of
almost 50% in BLL compared with studies done before the actions were taken. The main action to consider was the phasing out
process of leaded gasoline in our country among other. We conclude that the integration of inter and multidisciplinary actions
promoted was of high impact on the population, bringing about a public sensitization and growing awareness of the lead environmental
risks. 相似文献
186.
López FA Centeno TA Alguacil FJ Lobato B López-Delgado A Fermoso J 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2012,32(4):743-752
This work reports the effect of pressure on the steam/oxygen gasification at 1000 °C of the char derived from low temperature-pressure distillation of granulated scrap tyres (GST). The study was based on the analysis of gas production, carbon conversion, cold gas efficiency and the high heating value (HHV) of the product. For comparison, similar analyses were carried out for the gasification of coals with different rank.In spite of the relatively high ash (≈12 wt.%) and sulphur (≈3 wt.%) contents, the char produced in GST distillation can be regarded as a reasonable solid fuel with a calorific value of 34 MJ kg−1. The combustion properties of the char (EA ≈ 50 kJ mol−1), its temperature of self-heating (≈264 °C), ignition temperature (≈459 °C) and burn-out temperature (≈676 °C) were found to be similar to those of a semi-anthracite.It is observed that the yield, H2 and CO contents and HHV of the syngas produced from char gasification increase with pressure. At 0.1 MPa, 4.6 Nm3 kgchar−1 of syngas was produced, containing 28% v/v of H2 and CO and with a HHV around 3.7 MJ Nm−3. At 1.5 MPa, the syngas yield achieved 4.9 Nm3 kgchar−1 with 30% v/v of H2-CO and HHV of 4.1 MJ Nm−3. Carbon conversion significantly increased from 87% at 0.1 MPa to 98% at 1.5 MPa.It is shown that the char derived from distillation of granulated scrap tyres can be further gasified to render a gas of considerable heating value, especially when gasification proceeds at high pressure. 相似文献
187.
188.
Carlos Garcia Teresa Hernandez Ascension Barahona Francisco Costa 《Environmental management》1996,20(1):133-141
Twenty-one severely eroded soils of SE Spain (Torriorthent xeric soils) were studied. These soils form a fragile system characterized
by soils with a low density of plant cover (<5%), are loamy and occur in a semiarid climate. The soils formerly were used
for agricultural purposes but were abandoned at least 15 years ago. These eroded soils had a low total organic carbon content,
and their humic substances, humic acid carbon, and carbohydrates were lower compared with soils that had never been cultivated
(natural soils). The variables in which the effects of erosion were particularly noted were those related with the active
organic matter (respiration and water-soluble organic matter). Those eroded soils with higher salt content showed lower organic
matter and carbohydrate contents. Only total nitrogen was correlated with the carbon fractions in the eroded soils. 相似文献
189.
Seven mixtures from four organic residues—an aerobic sewage sludge, a city refuse, a peat residue, and a grape debris—were
composted, and the changes undergone by their different carbon fractions during their composting and maturation were studied.
In most cases a decrease in carbon fractions during the composting and maturation processes was observed. The extractable
carbon, however, increased during maturation. Organic matter mineralization was greater in the composts with city refuse than
in those with sewage sludge. The samples with peat residue showed the lowest decreases in carbon fractions. During maturation,
an increase of humiclike fraction was observed, which was reflected by a decrease in the soluble carbon-precipitated carbon
ratio at pH 2. Water-soluble carbon was the carbon fraction most easily degradable by microorganisms, and its amount correlated
significantly with composting time in all the samples. 相似文献
190.
Weaver JL Gerber TN Hancock PA Ganey HC 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2003,9(2):149-160
Research regarding warning compliance has often emphasized the physical aspects of the warning itself. Here, we examine the role of the perceiver in sensation seeking and health orientation as individual difference variables that affect behavioral compliance to a health warning. The experiment used a laboratory-based simulation of a chemistry demonstration that has been used in previous warnings research. In addition, however, individual difference effects of sensation seeking and health orientation were investigated. Among the significant findings were a significant interaction between condition assignment and sensation seeking on compliance outcome and a significant interaction between condition and health orientation. These results indicate that individual difference variables represent significant influences on the degree to which persons comply with warnings. 相似文献