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291.
Although pesticides have been useful in agriculture pest control, there is a considerable risk for human health and damage to ecosystems. Carbaryl is a carbamate often taken as a safe insecticide, although data on metabolic activities is still scarce, viz. mitochondrial toxicity. Therefore, it is the goal of this work to assay the compound on isolated mitochondria, a biochemical model already used with other pesticides. Mitochondria isolated from the livers of Wistar rats were assayed for bioenergetic parameters, namely mitochondrial respiration, membrane potential, membrane integrity and enzyme activities. For higher concentrations, it was observed that carbaryl has a depressive effect on mitochondrial respiration and on the generation of mitochondrial membrane potential, but with preservation of membrane integrity. A locus between Complex II and III appears particularly affected and the mitochondrial phosphorylation system relatively insensitive. Therefore, carbaryl inhibits mitochondrial respiration without affecting the phosphorylation complex. Carbaryl is toxic for mitochondria, although at concentrations higher as compared with other insecticide compounds. Mitochondrial toxicity should be excluded as one of the primary causes for carbaryl immediate toxicity, as concluded from the range of concentrations where carbaryl shows effective mitochondrial toxicity. 相似文献
292.
Biological production of hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) using sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) has important potential within environmental biotechnology. The aim of this work was to study the possibility of using SRB for the treatment of an acid mine drainage (AMD) at bench-scale. This process involved three stages: the optimization of H(2)S production through the utilization of total volatile fatty acids (TVFAs) by SRB, the establishment of a biofilm reactor for sulfide production, and the precipitation of metals by using the biologically produced H(2)S. The substrates used for TVFAs production consisted of papaya, apple and banana. The H(2)S produced from the degradation of TVFAs was utilized for the precipitation of a metal-contaminated effluent collected from Bolivar mine (Oruro, Bolivia). The maximum concentration of H(2)S obtained was approximately 16mM. Removal efficiencies of ca. 100% for copper, above 94% for zinc, and above 92% for lead were achieved. 相似文献
293.
Effect of hydrocarbon pollution on the microbial properties of a sandy and a clay soil 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
The aim of this work was to ascertain the effects of different types of hydrocarbon pollution on soil microbial properties and the influence of a soil's characteristics on these effects. For this, toxicity bioassays and microbiological and biochemical parameters were studied in two soils (one sandy and one clayey) contaminated at a loading rate of 5% and 10% with three types of hydrocarbon (diesel oil, gasoline and crude petroleum) differing in their volatilisation potential and toxic substance content. Soils were maintained under controlled conditions (50-70% water holding capacity, and room temperature) for six months and several microbiological and toxicity parameters were monitored 1, 60, 120 and 180 days after contamination. The toxic effects of hydrocarbon contamination were greater in the sandy soil. Hydrocarbons inhibited microbial biomass, the greatest negative effect being observed in the gasoline-polluted sandy soil. In both soils crude petroleum and diesel oil contamination increased microbial respiration, while gasoline had little effect on this parameter, especially in the sandy soil. In general, gasoline had the highest inhibitory effect on the hydrolase activities involved in N, P or C cycles in both soils. All contaminants inhibited hydrolase activities in the sandy soil, while in the clayey soil diesel oil stimulated enzyme activity, particularly at the higher concentration. In both soils, a phytotoxic effect on barley and ryegrass seed germination was observed in the contaminated soils, particularly in those contaminated with diesel or petroleum. 相似文献
294.
Hamilton Rebecca A. Borcuch Teresa Allen Simon J. Cioffi William R. Bucci Vanni Krützen Michael Connor Richard C. 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2019,73(10):1-10
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology - In many species, outcomes of male duels determine access to females and, ultimately, male reproductive success. Ritualization of behavior in male contests can... 相似文献
295.
Chouchene Khawla Rocha-Santos Teresa Ksibi Mohamed 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(34):46477-46487
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Microplastics (MPs) are one of the most significant solid waste pollutants in the marine environment and accumulate in sediments around worldwide. In... 相似文献
296.
Leite Luan de Souza Hoffmann Maria Teresa de Vicente Fábio Simões dos Santos Danilo Vitorino Mesquita Alexandre Juliato Felipe Bonganhi Daniel Luiz Antonio 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(2):2800-2812
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The algal organic matter (AOM) is a problem in water treatment. Although the adsorption process is extensively applied to drinking water treatment,... 相似文献
297.
David A. Rubinos Valeria Calvo Luz Iglesias María Teresa Barral 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(14):8631-8644
In this study, we investigated the effect of some potential alleviative compounds against the acute toxicity of arsenic (AsV, AsIII and DMAV) on Aliivibrio fischeri (formerly Vibrio fischeri), a bioluminescent model bacterium, through the Microtox® bioassay. The compounds studied differed in their mechanism of action, and they included the following: phosphate and glycerol, as chemical analogues (and potential competitors) of AsV or AsIII, respectively; citrate, a weak natural organic ligand; and the antioxidant ascorbic acid. Special attention was paid to phosphate effects, a widespread pollutant in natural environments. AsV was found to be more acutely toxic than AsIII to A. fischeri, in accordance with its higher interaction with the bacteria. Both AsV and AsIII were found to be much more acutely toxic than DMAV, which was essentially non-acutely toxic even at very high concentrations. Phosphate presence (at equimolar P/As ratios or higher) resulted in the almost total suppression of bioluminescence inhibition, suggesting it exerts an alleviative effect against AsV acute toxicity on A. fischeri. Interestingly, the uptake and the percentage of extracellular AsV were not affected by the addition of phosphate, suggesting that such protective effect does not result from the competition for their common transporters. In contrast, the acute toxicity of AsIII was essentially unaffected by phosphate. Glycerol did not decrease the acute toxicity or the uptake of AsIII by A. fischeri, denoting the likely occurrence of an additional mechanism for AsIII uptake in such bacteria. Similarly, citrate and ascorbic acid essentially did not caused alleviation of AsV or AsIII acute toxicity. As for environmental and operational implications, P could beneficially protect aquatic microorganisms against acute detrimental effects of AsV, whilst its presence could mask the toxicity due to AsV when assessed using the Microtox® bioassay, thus leading to seriously underestimate the actual ecological and health risks. 相似文献
298.
Andrés M Cisneros-Montemayor Amanda Townsel Claire M Gonzales Andrea R Haas Estrella E Navarro-Holm Teresa Salorio-Zuñiga Andrew F Johnson 《Natural resources forum》2020,44(2):111-128
Ecotourism can incentivize social and environmental benefits through marine conservation, in parallel with efforts to better manage fisheries, coastal development, and other human pressures. In Mexico's Gulf of California and Baja California Peninsula (GCBP), marine ecosystems support tourism activities in many communities, but to date there have been no region-wide studies to estimate their benefits or identify key species. Based on data collected in this study, each year nature-based marine tourism in the GCBP results in 896,000 visits, US$518 million in expenditures and at least 3,575 direct jobs from formal operations. In interviews with operators, over 40 species groups were named as important; sea lions, whale sharks, whales, and marlin were the highest ranked, highlighting the importance of ecosystem-wide health for nature-based tourism sustainability. Local employment and the ability to make economic and conservation goals compatible were noted by operators as significant opportunities provided by nature-based marine tourism; challenges included pollution and declines in ecosystem health, a lack of infrastructure, poor resource management policies, and high operating costs. As nature-based marine tourism expands, a wider transition to true ecotourism, a focus on equitable benefits and collaboration between stakeholders and a cross-scale and ecosystem approach to management will be vital for achieving potential sustainable social, ecological and economic benefits. 相似文献
299.
Michele Aresta Angela Dibenedetto Maria Carone Teresa Colonna Carlo Fragale 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2005,3(3):136-139
We compare two different techniques for the extraction of biodiesel from macroalgae: the thermochemical liquefaction and the
extraction using supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2). The first allows to use wet material, while sc-CO2 requires dry material and uses moderate temperature and pressure so that it can be useful for the extraction of thermolabile
compounds which may decompose at the temperature at which thermal methos are carried out. In both cases the extracted oil
was characterized quantitatively and qualitatively. The novelty of the work is that in the literature the use of macroalgae
for the production of biodiesel has not so far been described, while they are used mainly as food or other purposes. 相似文献
300.
Julie S. Fryburg Miriam S. Dimaio Teresa L. Yang-Feng Maurice J. Mahoney 《黑龙江环境通报》1993,13(6):481-494
Thirty-nine (2.3 per cent) of 1724 chromosome studies from diagnostic chorionic villus samplings (CVS) done between 1983 and 1990 showed either level III (true) mosaicism (1.2 per cent) or level II (pseudo-) mosaicism (1.1 per cent) for chromosomal aneuploidy. Follow-up information on these 39 pregnancies was collected from questionnaires to families, paediatricians, and obstetricians. For all cases in which the pregnancy was continued and further testing was accomplished, the mosaicism was felt to be confined to the placenta. As compared with a control group of pregnancies evaluated by CVS with normal karyotypes, there was no increased incidence of pregnancy loss, congenital malformations, or developmental delay in the infants. Although intrauterine growth retardation occurred in several of the level III mosaic cases, adequate catch-up growth has been demonstrated. 相似文献