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11.
Whereas past research has treated co-management of common pool resources as if villagers and project implementing authorities
were the only relevant actors, numerous external factors beyond the control of these two partners create barriers to successful
co-management. This paper draws on discussions with Forest Department officials to examine the influence of these forces on
the outcomes of Joint Forest Management (JFM) in Tamil Nadu, India. An empirical inquiry into the operational aspects of JFM
indicates the important roles of political parties, powerful people, and other state institutions and functionaries as well
as the flow of foreign funding. Further, the strong demand by local people for socio-economic development interventions as
opposed to improvement of degraded forests belittles the role of the Forest Department relative to other departments. Numerous
other conditioning factors and relationships are explored. The authors call for reforms in public governance to allow better
participation of all the actors involved for this participatory management approach to succeed and sustain. 相似文献
12.
Although stewardship has been widely defined and used in environmental management and planning, there is a dearth of studies
that describe how the lay public perceives this concept. A national sample of residents in 14 states who live near DOE nuclear
facilities were interviewed to delineate public understanding and awareness of the stewardship program of the U.S. Department
of Energy (DOE). This study discusses the findings of the survey and discusses how institutional trust influences public participation
and resident’s choices of potential stewards. Almost 40% of the respondents could not define stewardship; those who did, believed
that ‘responsibility,’ ‘management,’ and ‘accountability’ are key elements of stewardship. In addition, about a third of the
respondents identified Federal groups and the DOE as potential stewards.
Readers should send their comments on this paper to: BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue 相似文献
13.
Environmental factors have long been shown to influence species distributions, with range limits often resulting from environmental
stressors exceeding organism tolerances. However, these abiotic factors may differentially affect species with multiple life-history
stages. Between September 2004 and January 2006, the roles of temperature and nutrient availability in explaining the southern
distributions of two understory kelps, Pterygophora californica and Eisenia arborea (Phaeophyceae, Laminariales), were investigated along the coast of California, USA and the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico,
by limiting either: (a) tissue nitrogen uptake and storage by adult sporophytes during periods of elevated temperature, and/or
(b) production of embryonic sporophytes by microscopic gametophytes. Results suggest that while adult sporophytes of both
species are tolerant of high temperatures and low nutrients, reproduction by their microscopic stages is not. Specifically,
while E. arborea produced embryonic sporophytes at both 12 and 18°C, temperatures commonly observed throughout the southern portion of its
range, P. californica produced sporophytes at 12 but not at 18°C. As a result, it appears that the southern distribution of P. californica, which ends in northern Baja California, Mexico, may be limited by temperature acting on its microscopic stages. In contrast,
the ability of E. arborea’s microscopic and adult stages to tolerate elevated temperatures allows it to persist in the warmer southern waters of Baja
California, as well as to the north along the California coast where both species co-occur. 相似文献
14.
Tone River supplies most of the water requirements of the Tokyo Metropolitan Area (TMA). Lowering of Tone flow and yearly
fluctuation, however, is causing water shortage along TMA nowadays. This study investigated the future water availability
scenarios under climatic changes. A state-of-the-art approach to utilize the output of several GCM has been demonstrated to
investigate the future water availability scenarios for TMA from the Tone River. An integrated modeling approach for water
balance considering several hydrological risk indices was adopted to quantify the future changes in this case. It is observed
that the future summer precipitation along the Tone basin is going to be increased considerably, while an almost constant
or decreasing trend is observed for winter season. Natural flow availability for winter or spring seasons thus can be crucial
under future scenarios. After reservoir routing, the hydrological risk indices estimated, however, were not found to be changed
significantly due to the presence of a robust reservoir system at the upstream. 相似文献
15.
Ricardo Braun 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2007,9(4):387-411
The implementation of sustainable development may seem a simple concept when written on paper. However to carry-out long term
actions put forward by the Agenda 21 (AG21) at the local level represents one of the main challenges as municipal governments
in general do not have the capacity to effectively implement the process.
Regional environmental assessment (REA) has shown to be effective in supporting decision-making not only to correct environmental
problems due to past unsustainable social-economic developments but also help local governments to implement sustainable actions.
However this requires long-term investments of AG21 plans and projects. The allocation of regular and consistent financial
resources is one of the main ingredients for the sustainable development process. But traditional plans and projects financed
by national and/or international funds may not be sustainable in the long-term because they become dependent on external funding.
Research demonstrate that innovative economic instruments such as ecotaxes represent a feasible alternative to sponsor local
sustainability because taxes are collected permanently by the government and could be invested in continuous actions. Ecotaxes
experiences have provided important reference to structure a municipal incentive model (MIM) to sponsor AG21’s environmental
plans and projects on a long-term (permanent) basis.
However sustainable development cannot be solely through economic investments. A comprehensive municipal environmental management
scheme (MEMS) has been established to support the incentive model. The scheme seeks not only to improve local institutional
framework but also incentive continuous participation of local stakeholders at all levels of society. Participatory events
and the provision of incentives (educational and financial) are key to motivate society to protect the environment and support
actively the sustainable development process as emphasised in the RIO-92 Conference. 相似文献
16.
Pollution due to persistent pesticides is not a regional but a global problem. Organochlorine pesticides are persistent chemicals, stored and accumulated in the tissues of a wide variety of invertebrates and vertebrates including marine species. In the present study the organochlorine residues HCHs, DDTs and PCBs were measured in different trophic groups of birds (scavengers, inland piscivores, coastal piscivores, insectivores, granivores and omnivores) collected from Tamil Nadu Coast, India. The residue accumulation as a function of sex did not depict distinct variation. However, females had lower residue levels than males in terms of their mean weight and feeding habits. A continuous monitoring programme is recommended to establish the studied organisms as indicator species. 相似文献
17.
Le Nguyen Truc Thinh Nguyen An Ha Nguyen Thi Vinh Tien Nguyen Dinh Lam Nguyen Duc Hong Nguyen Van Tuan Nguyen Tat Hanh Ta Van Khanh Nguyen Ngoc Thanh Nguyen Ngoc Hens Luc 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2022,24(10):12427-12445
Environment, Development and Sustainability - The recent growth of agriculture, industry and urban areas in Vietnam requires a large amount of water consumption as a production factor. This paper... 相似文献
18.
Son Ngo Thanh Le Huong Hoang Loc Nguyen Duc Phuong Tran Trong 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2022,24(3):3091-3109
Environment, Development and Sustainability - Land use and land cover (LULC) changes, climate variability and climate change (CC) contribute hydrological response in tropical catchments, but their... 相似文献
19.
氨基改性生物炭负载纳米零价铁去除水中Cr(VI) 总被引:7,自引:3,他引:4
以聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)为功能单体,玉米秸秆生物炭为载体,制备了氨基改性生物炭负载型纳米零价铁(nZVI@PEI-HBC),并利用扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FTIR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对材料进行了表征,分析了溶液pH、温度、材料投加量等因素对其去除Cr(VI)的影响及其去除机理.结果表明:在投加量为0.5 g·L-1,温度为20℃,pH值为5,Cr(VI)初始浓度为20 mg·L-1条件下,各材料对Cr(VI)的去除率大小为nZVI@PEI-HBC > nZVI > PEI-HBC > HBC.SEM显示nZVI颗粒较均匀地分散在生物炭表面,FTIR分析表明PEI改性后材料表面增加了氨基等重金属配位基团,这可能是nZVI@PEI-HBC去除Cr(VI)效果更好的原因.影响因素研究表明,材料具有较好稳定性,老化28 d后其Cr(VI)去除性能变化不大;酸性环境、升温、增大材料投加量均有利于nZVI@PEI-HBC对Cr(VI)的去除.机理研究发现,水中溶解氧加速了nZVI的腐蚀和Fe(II)的释放,促进Cr(VI)还原为Cr(III),然后通过共沉淀作用和氨基等基团的吸附作用被去除. 相似文献
20.
Liuwei Kong Min Hu Qinwen Tan Miao Feng Yu Qu Junling An Yuanhang Zhang Xingang Liu Nianliang Cheng 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(1):49-59
To clarify the aerosol hygroscopic growth and optical properties of the Pearl River Delta(PRD)region,integrated observations were conducted in Heshan City of Guangdong Province from October 19 to November 17,2014.The concentrations and chemical compositions of PM_(2.5),aerosol optical properties and meteorological parameters were measured.The mean value of PM_(2.5) increased from less than 35(excellent) to 35-75 μg/m~3(good) and then to greater than 75 μg/m~3(pollution),corresponding to mean PM_(2.5) values of 24.9,51.2,and 93.3 μg/m~3,respectively.The aerosol scattering hygroscopic growth factor(f(RH = 80%)) values were 2.0,2.12,and 2.18 for the excellent,good,and pollution levels,respectively.The atmospheric extinction coefficient(σext)and the absorption coefficient of aerosols(σ_(ap)) increased,and the single scattering albedo(SSA)decreased from the excellent to the pollution levels.For different air mass sources,under excellent and good levels,the land air mass from northern Heshan had lower f(RH) and σ_(sp) values.In addition,the mixed aerosol from the sea and coastal cities had lower f(RH) and showed that the local sources of coastal cities have higher scattering characteristics in pollution periods. 相似文献