Phthalates (PAEs) in drinking water sources such as the Yangtze River in developing countries had aroused widespread concern. Here, the water, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and sediment samples were collected from 15 sites in wet and dry seasons in Zhenjiang, for the determination of six PAEs (DMP, DEP, DIBP, DBP, DEHP, and DOP) using the solid-phase extraction (SPE) or ultrasonic extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The total concentrations of six PAEs (Σ6PAEs) spanned a range of 2.65–39.31 μg L?1 in water, 1.97–34.10 μg g?1 in SPM, and 0.93–34.70 μg g?1 in sediment. The partition coefficients (Kd1) of PAEs in water and SPM phase ranged from 0.004 to 3.36 L g?1 in the wet season and from 0.12 to 2.84 L g?1 in the dry season. Kd2 of PAEs in water and sediment phase was 0.001–9.75 L g?1 in the wet season and 0.006–8.05 L g?1 in the dry season. The dominant PAEs were DIBP, DBP, and DEHP in water and SPM, DIBP, DEHP, and DOP in sediment. The concentration of DBP in water exceeded the China Surface Water Standard. The discharge of domestic sewage and industrial wastewater might be the main potential sources of PAEs. The risk quotient (RQ) method used for the risk assessment revealed that DBP (0.01 < RQ < 1) posed a medium risk, while DIBP and DEHP (RQ > 1) posed a high environmental risk in water, DIBP (RQ > 1) also showed a high risk in sediment.
为了揭示腾冲地区降水中氢氧稳定同位素特征,利用2009年1月~2011年12月腾冲地区339个降水样品资料,对降水中的氢、氧同位素组成及其影响因素进行了分析和研究。结果表明:腾冲地区大气降水中δ18O值变化范围为-2678‰~405‰,δD值变化范围为-20095‰~3689‰,均处于全球降水δ18O与δD值变化范围内。天气尺度下,腾冲地区降水中δ18O的变化具有显著的降水量效应以及反温度效应。但是,在季风降水期间,如果相邻两天都有降水发生时,腾冲地区降水中δ18O值变化并不一定遵循“降水量效应”。利用ECMWF(European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts)提供的TCWV(Total Column Water Vapour)再分析资料,发现TCWV与δ18O的日变化存在明显的反位相对应关系。腾冲地区的大气降水线为:δD=818δ18O+1172,斜率与截距均比全球和全国的大气降水线偏大,说明该地区气候湿润多雨。d值分布具有季节差异,在雨季(4~9月),腾冲地区降水的水汽主要来源于低纬度海洋,空气湿度大,降水中d值较小;在干季(10~3月),由于受大陆性气团控制,腾冲地区降水的水汽主要来源于西风带的输送以及局地再蒸发水汽的补充,空气湿度小,降水中d值较大 相似文献
PCB levels in fish (collected from local rivers), atmosphere and human milk samples have been studied to determine the exposure levels of PCBs for local residents and e-waste workers in Guiyu, a major electronic waste scrapping center in China. The source appointment and correlation analyses showed that homologue composition of PCBs in 7 species of fish were consistent and similar to commercial PCBs Aroclor 1248. PCB levels in air surrounding the open burning site were significantly higher than those in residential area. Inhalation exposure contributed 27% and 93% to the total body loadings (the sum of dietary and inhalation exposure) of the local residents, and e-waste workers engaged in open burning respectively. Total PCB concentrations in human milk ranged from N.D. to 57.6 ng/g lipid, with an average of 9.50 ng/g lipid. The present results indicated that commercial PCBs derived from e-waste recycling are major sources of PCBs accumulating in different environmental media, leading to the accumulation of high chlorinated biphenyls in human beings. 相似文献
The methane concentration profile from -1.5m depth in soil to 32m height in air was measured in alpine steppe located in the permafrost area. Methane concentrations showed widely variations both in air and in soil during the study period. The mean concentrations in atmosphere were all higher than those in soil, and the highest methane concentration was found in air at the height of 16m with the lowest concentration occurring at the depth of 1.5m in soil. The variations of atmospheric methane concentrations did not show any clear pattern both temporally and spatially, although they exhibited a more steadystable state than those in soil. During the seasonal variations, the methane concentrations at different depths in soil were significantly correlated (R^2〉0.6) with each other comparing to the weak correlations (R^2〈0.2) between the atmospheric concentra- tions at different heights. Mean methane concentrations in soil significantly decreased with depth. This was the compositive influence of the decreasing production rates and the increasing methane oxidation rates, which was caused by the descent soil moisture with depth. Although the methane concentrations at all depths varied widely during the growing season, they showed very distinct temporal variations in the non-growing season. It was indicated from the literatures that methane oxidation rates were positively correlated with soil temperature. The higher methane concentrations in soil during the winter were determined by the lower methane oxidation rates with decreasing soil temperatures, whereas methane production rates had no reaction to the lower temperature. Relations between methane contribution and other environmental factors were not discussed in this paper for lacking of data, which impulse us to carry out further and more detailed studies in this unique area. 相似文献
Environmental sociology and the sociology of natural resources are two key subdisciplines of the sociological study on the interactions between nature and human society. Previous discussion on the relationships of these two fields has largely focused on their distinctions and synthesis in western (particularly American) academia. Environmental sociology emerged as an important sociological subdiscipline in China in the early 1990s and is under vigorous disciplinary construction at present. By contrast, the sociology of natural resources is still a novel term for most Chinese researchers. This article provides a systematic review of recent literature on the relationships between environmental and natural resource sociologies, which should provide important implications for the further development of environmental sociology in China. 相似文献