典型工业无组织源VOCs排放特征

选取制药厂、酿酒厂和橡胶厂分析了不同工艺过程VOCs排放特征.结果表明,制药厂安乃近合成和氨基比林合成的VOCs排放以苯、甲苯和苯乙烯等苯系物为主,乙酰氨基酚合成的VOCs排放主要以C4～C6的烷烃为主,酿酒厂和橡胶厂VOCs排放均以甲苯、乙苯和间,对二甲苯为主.采用最大增量反应活性法对臭氧生成潜势进行分析,制药厂安乃近合成和氨基比林合成VOCs单位臭氧生成潜势以苯、甲苯等苯系物为主;乙酰氨基酚合成以顺-2-丁烯、甲苯和异戊烷为主;酿酒厂、橡胶厂以甲苯、乙苯、间,对二甲苯为主.同时采用阈稀释倍数对VOCs进行恶臭分析,制药厂和酒厂无组织排放VOCs恶臭污染程度较轻,橡胶厂的伸缩装置车间和硫化车间的无组织VOCs排放存在一定程度的恶臭污染.     

“污泥+生物质”混合厌氧消化分类管理研究

污泥单独厌氧消化困难,产气量低,能量回收价值低.但“污泥+生物质”混合厌氧消化能够改善物料间的营养平衡,运行更平稳,既有效处理污泥,又能够提高甲烷产气量,更适合生产实际,符合行业发展趋势.分析了安阳市四家污水处理厂脱水污泥的重金属含量,依据土地利用限值标准,结合生产实际,把安阳市四个污水处理厂脱水污泥分类,分类混合厌氧消化处理后分类土地利用,既提高了污泥的土地利用,更强化了污泥土地利用的重金属管理.     

长白县双山三级水电站施工期环境监理的研究

近年来,水电站工程建设对生态环境影响引起人们的广泛关注,通过施工期环境监理的实施,可有效监管施工期环境影响行为,降低生态环境影响。文章以吉林省长白县双山三级水电站工程建设为例,重点论述了长白县双山三级水电站施工期环境监理的主要内容,阐述了中小型水电站施工期环境监理的工作程序和监管主要方法,为水电站建设施工期环境监理工作的开展提供资料,为中小型水利水电工程环境监理体系的形成和有效实施提供依据,确保工程建设社会、经济和生态效益的协调发展。     

介质阻挡放电等离子体直接分解NOx的影响因素

在以 γ- Al₂O₃小球作为填充物的介质阻挡放电条件下 ,研究放电电压 ( 9～ 16k V)、交流电源频率 ( 50～ 1600 Hz)、NO入口浓度 ( 50～1800 ml/m³)、气体空速 (1000～ 6500 h^-1)、反应温度 ( 20～250℃ )、介质小球比表面积及加入 O₂等因素对 NO分解率的影响 .发现提高放电电压、放电频率及介质小球比表面积能显著增加 NO分解率 ,O₂ 的加入对 NO的等离子体分解有强抑制作用 .     

WHO-IRC和IAEA-AQCS国际比对样品的γ谱分析

报道了本实验室１９９１－１９９４年间参加ＷＨＯ－ＩＲＣ和ＩＡＥＡ－ＡＱＣＳ组织的环境样品放射性测量国际化对工作。用２台ＨＰＧｅγ谱仪,相对方法和效率曲线方法测量了土壤样品,用自吸收校正方法测量了生物样品。对ＷＨＯ－ＩＲＣ Ｎｏ．５７Ｖｉ３００号样品,在２８个报出实验室中,本实验室测量值与推荐值的平均相对偏差最小,为３．０４％。     

厌氧氨氧化启动过程细菌群落多样性及PICRUSt2功能预测分析

细菌群落是实现厌氧氨氧化系统高效脱氮的核心,而厌氧氨氧化启动过程细菌群落多样性及其功能特征仍未被充分阐明.本研究采用升流式厌氧污泥床（UASB）反应器进行厌氧氨氧化系统启动,利用16S rRNA基因高通量测序技术并结合PICRUSt2功能预测分析,研究启动过程不同时间（d0、d30、d60和d90）细菌群落多样性及功能动态变化特征.结果表明,启动过程共检测到48个门、111个纲、269个目、457个科、840个属和1497个种;Candidatus_Brocadia和Candidatus_Kuenenia为检测到的厌氧氨氧化菌,且它们的相对丰度在启动过程不同时间存在显著差异（P<0.05）.启动过程,细菌群落α多样性指数整体呈现显著的降低趋势（P<0.05）,细菌群落结构呈现出明显的空间分异特征,且差异显著（R=0.846,P<0.01）.PICRUSt2功能预测分析表明,启动过程,细菌群落具有丰富的功能多样性,一级功能层表现为有机系统和代谢方面较为活跃,二级功能层子功能基因丰度在厌氧氨氧化启动过程发生明显变化;细菌群落涉及49个参与氮素代谢的相关功能基因,且不同时间阶段参与硝化、反硝化、厌氧氨氧化、硝酸盐同化/异化还原和亚硝酸盐同化/异化还原过程的相关功能基因丰度发生明显变化.     

聚硅硫酸铁（PFSS）的混凝性能及其应用

本文研究了聚硅硫酸铁的混凝性能和稳定性，试验了它对煤矿洗煤水，矿井水，以及城市废水的混凝处理效果，结果发现，随Ｆｅ／Ｓｉ摩尔比的增大，聚硅硫酸铁的混凝效果明显提高；与聚硅酸相比，聚硅硫酸具有较好的稳定性和较强的除浊脱色性能。     

Abundance,distribution and prey composition of scyphomedusae in the southern North Sea

The annual cycle of abundance and distribution of the scyphozoan medusae Aurelia aurita, Cyanea lamarckii, C. capillata and Chrysaora hysoscella were studied in the southern North Sea in 2004 and 2005. Three different patterns of seasonal occurrence of medusae were distinguished: (1) the early occurring C. lamarckii (February–August), (2) C. capillata and A. aurita (April–August) and (3) the late appearing C. hysoscella (July/August–September). Cyanea lamarckii was the most frequently encountered species in this study; its highest mean abundance was 1.8 ± 2.7 ind. 100 m⁻³. The prey spectra of C. lamarckii, C. capillata and C. hysoscella contained several copepod and other crustacean species and thus make them potential competitors with fish larvae. Medusae in this study also consumed fish eggs and larvae, including clupeids, in all months analysed. Although peak spawning of sprat (Sprattus sprattus) coincides with the maximum abundance of medusae (May–June) the relative low abundance of all medusae species in this study makes jellyfish predation unlikely to be a factor controlling sprat recruitment in the time frame investigated.     

Formation of disinfection byproducts from accumulated soluble products of oleaginous microalga after chlorination

When microalgae are simultaneously applied for wastewater treatment and lipid production, soluble algal products (SAP) should be paid much attention, as they are important precursors for formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs), which have potential risks for human health. Chlorella sp. HQ is an oleaginous microalga that can generate SAP during growth, especially in the exponential phase. This study investigated the contribution of SAP from Chlorella sp. HQ to DBP formation after chlorination. The predominant DBP precursors from SAP were identified with the 3D excitation-emission matrix fluorescence. After chlorination, a significant reduction was observed in the fluorescence intensity of five specific fluorescence regions, particularly aromatic proteins and soluble microbial by-product-like regions, accompanied with slight shifting of the peak. The produced DBPs were demonstrated to include trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids. As the algal cultivation time was extended in wastewater, the accumulated SAP strengthened the formation of DBPs. The trend for DBP formation was as follows: chloroform>dichloroacetic acid>trichloroacetic acid.

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直接驯化嗜盐菌处理高盐废水的研究

从大连旅顺盐场底泥中筛选出适合高盐度的嗜盐菌,在序批式间歇反应器(SBR)中对其进行3.5%(质量分数)盐度的驯化,污泥混合液悬浮固体(MLSS)平均质量浓度达600mg/L。污泥比耗氧速率(SOUR)测量结果显示,内源呼吸阶段污泥SOUR为10.36mg/(g.h),外源呼吸阶段污泥SOUR达到29.09mg/(g.h),表明所筛选的嗜盐菌培养的污泥具有较高活性。利用培养的污泥进行高盐模拟废水处理试验,结果表明,对盐度为3.5%、COD为240～340mg/L的高盐废水,在每周期12h、曝气量0.6L/min、污泥MLSS为600mg/L、污泥龄为18d条件下,COD去除率达95%以上,NH4+-N去除率达61%,TP去除率达55%。改变进水有机负荷对出水COD去除影响不大,该系统耐有机负荷冲击能力较强;盐度负荷的改变对COD的去除影响不大,而NH4+-N去除率有明显变化,在3.5%和5.0%的盐度下,NH4+-N去除率分别为61%和31%。