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21.
Dr Urs A. Hunziker Guido Savoldelli Eugen Boltshauser Andres Giedion Albert Schinzel 《黑龙江环境通报》1989,9(2):127-131
A mother who had given birth to a child with Schwartz–Jampel syndrome (SJS) with neonatal manifestations (myotonia, congenital contractures, bowing of femora and tibiae) underwent ultrasonic fetal examination during the 17th and 19th week of her second pregnancy. Moderately decreased fetal motor activity and constant flexion of the fingers were observed at both examinations. In addition, there was mild bowing and shortening of the femora. At birth, the child presented with the characteristic pattern of SJS similar to her older brother. Prenatal ultrasonic diagnosis of Schwartz–Jampel syndrome is possible, at least for the form with neonatal onset of myotonia and contractures. 相似文献
22.
Matthew Wagner Ronald Kaiser Urs Kreuter Neal Wilkins 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2007,43(3):698-711
Abstract: As nearly all of Texas’ rural lands are privately owned, landowner associations for the management of white‐tailed deer and ground‐water have become increasingly popular. Deer are a common‐pool resource with transboundary characteristics, requiring landowner cooperation for effective management. Ground‐water reserves are economically important to landowners, but are governed by the “rule of capture” whereby property rights are not defined. One ground‐water association and four wildlife management associations (WMAs) were surveyed to characterize their member demographics, land use priorities, attitudes, and social capital. Members of the ground‐water cooperative were part of a much larger, more heterogeneous, and more recently formed group than members of WMAs. They also placed greater importance on utilitarian aspects of their properties, as opposed to land stewardship for conservation as practiced by members of WMAs. If ground‐water association members could be more locally organized with more frequent meetings, social capital and information sharing may be enhanced and lead to land stewardship practices for improved hydrologic functions and sustained ground‐water supply. This, coupled with pumping rules assigned by the local ground‐water district, could yield an effective strategy that is ecologically and hydrologicaly sound, and that allows rural provision of water supply to urban consumers. 相似文献
23.
Possible involvement of plant ABC transporters in cadmium detoxification: a cDNA sub-microarray approach 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
As a nontolerant plant to a large number of toxic compounds, Arabidopsis thaliana is a suitable model to study regulation of genes involved in response to heavy metals. Using a cDNA-microarray approach, we identified some ABC transporters that are differentially regulated after cadmium treatments, making them putative candidates for being involved in Cd sequestration and redistribution in plants. Regarding yeast and fission yeast, in which Cd is able to form complexes either with glutathione (GSH) or phytochelatins (PC) subsequently transported into vacuoles via ABC transporters, it is also very likely that some plant ABC transporters are able to transport GS(2)-Cd or PC-Cd complexes into subcellular compartments or outside of the cell. The characterization of such transporters is of great interest for developing molecular biology approaches in phytoremediation. 相似文献
24.
Testing the evolution of increased competitive ability (EICA) hypothesis in a novel framework 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The "evolution of increased competitive ability" (EICA) hypothesis proposes that escape from natural enemies, e.g., after transcontinental introductions, alters the selection regime because costly defenses no longer enhance fitness. Such an evolutionary loss of defenses enables resources to be directed toward growth or other traits improving performance. We tested the EICA hypothesis in a novel framework in which the natural enemy is the traveler that follows its widespread host by accidental or deliberate (biocontrol) introductions. In a greenhouse experiment we used populations of Senecio vulgaris from North America, Europe, and Australia that differ in the history of exposure to the rust fungus Puccinia lagenophorae. Contrary to what is predicted by EICA, we found no evidence for increased levels of resistance to the rust fungus in plant populations with a longer history of rust exposure (Australia). Similarly, there was no evidence for reduced fecundity in these populations, although vegetative vigor, measured as secondary branching and growth rate, was lower. The maintenance of high rust resistance in populations with no (North America) or only a short history (Europe) of rust exposure is surprising given that resistance seems to incur considerable fitness costs, as indicated by the negative association between family mean resistance and fitness in the absence of disease observed for all three continents. The comparison of population differentiation in quantitative traits with estimates of differentiation in amplified fragment length polymorphic (AFLP) markers suggests that a number of fitness-related traits are under divergent selection among the studied populations. The proposed framework to test changes in the evolutionary trajectory underlying EICA can be employed in an expanded range of systems. These may include investigations on a cosmopolitan weed or crop when an antagonist is expanding its geographic range (such as our study), studies along a chronosequence of introduction time with expected increasing accumulation of natural enemies over time, or comparisons between introduced plant populations that differ in exposure time to biocontrol organisms. 相似文献
25.
Urs Gimmi Shelley L. Schmidt Todd J. Hawbaker Camilo Alcántara Ulf Gafvert Volker C. Radeloff 《Journal of environmental management》2011
Protected areas are cornerstones of biodiversity conservation, but they are in danger of becoming islands in a sea of human dominated landscapes. Our question was if protected areas may even foster development in their surroundings because they provide amenities that attract development, thus causing the isolation of the ecosystems they were designed to protect. Our study analyzed historic aerial photographs and topographical maps to reconstruct road development and building growth within and around Indiana Dunes and Pictured Rocks National Lakeshores in the U.S. Great Lakes region from 1938 to 2005, and to estimate the effects of park creation in 1966 on changes in landscape patterns. Historic U.S. census housing density data were used as a baseline to compare observed changes to. Our results showed that park establishment was effective in reducing and stopping the fragmenting impact of development within park boundaries. However, increased amenity levels following park establishment led to enhanced development in the surroundings of both parks. In the extreme case of Indiana Dunes, building density outside the park increased from 45 to 200 buildings/km2 and road density almost doubled from 3.6 to 6.6 km/km2 from 1938 to 2005. Development rates of change were much higher than in the broader landscape, particularly after park establishment. The potential amenity effect was up to 9500 new buildings in the 3.2-km zone around Indiana Dunes between 1966 and 2005. For Pictured Rocks the absolute effect was smaller but up to 70% of the observed building growth was potentially due to amenity effects. Our findings highlight the need for conservation planning at broader scales, incorporating areas beyond the boundaries of protected areas. 相似文献
26.
Schaffner U Ridenour WM Wolf VC Bassett T Müller C Müller-Schärer H Sutherland S Lortie CJ Callaway RM 《Ecology》2011,92(4):829-835
One commonly accepted mechanism for biological invasions is that species, after introduction to a new region, leave behind their natural enemies and therefore increase in distribution and abundance. However, which enemies are escaped remains unclear. Escape from specialist invertebrate herbivores has been examined in detail, but despite the profound effects of generalist herbivores in natural communities their potential to control invasive species is poorly understood. We carried out parallel laboratory feeding bioassays with generalist invertebrate herbivores from the native (Europe) and from the introduced (North America) range using native and nonnative tetraploid populations of the invasive spotted knapweed, Centaurea stoebe. We found that the growth of North American generalist herbivores was far lower when feeding on C. stoebe than the growth of European generalists. In contrast, North American and European generalists grew equally well on European and North American tetraploid C. stoebe plants, lending no support for an evolutionary change in resistance of North American tetraploid C. stoebe populations against generalist herbivores. These results suggest that biogeographical differences in the response of generalist herbivores to novel plant species have the potential to affect plant invasions. 相似文献
27.
Urs Baumann Gustav Peter Ernst Pletscher Marcel Wettstein 《Environmental Sciences Europe》2003,15(4):227-233
Before waste-water-relevant organic materials are to be found in large quantities, their specific behavior in sewage treatment plants must be known. With the aid of the OECD simulation test #303 A, an estimation of their elimination in biological clarification stages can be made. In this work, an economical and continuous testing system is presented, which consists of a polyester flies bound to an activated biosludge with a high inoculum density, allowing one to measure no only the elimination of individual substances, but also the specific degree of mineralization. The toxicity of the activated biosludge and the nitrifying substances can also be examined. With the described testing procedure, it is possible to determine the rate of degradation within only a few hours. Finally, it can also be seen that it is possible to reliably and continuously determine the rate of anaerobic, biological degradability through the use of such a modified testing procedure. 相似文献
28.
Urs Fuhrer 《Journal of environmental psychology》1983,3(3):239-252
One goal of this paper is to present a perspective on psychological research in which the relationship between person and environment is the central point of interest. The german term Oekopsychologie is introduced as a higher level framework that subsumes both, the theory-oriented ecological perspective (the Oekologische Psychologie in German), and problem-oriented and environmental psychology (the Umweltpsychologie in German) with its more applied character. It is argued that the ecological perspective should be based on 10 tenets which stem from an emphasis on the fundamental importance of the man-environment relationship. The paper is also an attempt to stimulate bridge-building activities between German-speaking and English-speaking environmental psychologists. 相似文献
29.
Shuhe Wei Iwona Anders Urs Feller 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(12):7624-7630
The focus of this article was to explore the translocation of 109Cd, 57Co, 65Zn, 63Ni, and 134Cs via xylem and phloem in the newly found hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L. Two experiments with the uptake via the roots and transport of 109Cd, 57Co, and 65Zn labeled by roots, and the redistribution of 109Cd, 65Zn, 57Co, 63Ni, and 134Cs using flap label in S. nigrum in a hydroponic culture with a standard nutrient solution were conducted. The results showed that 109Cd added for 24 h to the nutrient medium of young plants was rapidly taken up, transferred to the shoot, and accumulated in the cotyledons and the oldest leaves but was not efficiently redistributed within the shoot afterward leading to a rather low content in the fruits. In contrast, 57Co was more slowly taken up and released to the shoot, but afterward, this element was redistributed from older leaves to younger leaves and maturing fruits. 65Zn was rapidly taken up and transferred to the shoot (mainly to the youngest leaves and not to the cotyledons). Afterward, this radionuclide was redistributed within the shoot to the youngest organs and finally accumulated in the maturing fruits. After flap labeling, all five heavy metals tested (109Cd, 57Co, 65Zn, 63Ni, 134Cs) were exported from the labeled leaf and redistributed within the plant. The accumulation in the fruits was most pronounced for 63Ni and 65Zn, while a relatively high percentage of 57Co was finally found in the roots. 134Cs was roughly in the middle of them. The transport of 109Cd differed from that previously reported for wheat or lupin and might be important for the potential of S. nigrum to hyperaccumulate cadmium. 相似文献
30.
Ulrich Helfenstein Ursula Ackermann-Liebrich Charlotte Braun-Fahrländer Hans Urs Wanner 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1991,17(2-3):147-156
The purpose of the present statistical analysis was the assessment of the relation between time series of environmental factors and of frequencies of diseases of the respiratory system in pre-school children. During about one year, daily measurements of air pollutants and climatic variables were taken. During the same period of time two series of medical data were collected: (i) The daily relative number of pre-school children, exhibiting diseases of the respiratory tracts who either came to the outpatients' clinic of the children's hospital or were reported by paediatricians in Basle (ENTRIES). (ii) The daily relative frequency of symptoms of the respiratory tracts observed in a group of randomly selected pre-school children (SYMPTOMS).By means of transfer function models the relation between the two target variables and the explaining variables was analysed. Several practical problems did arise: Choice of the appropriate transformation of the different series, interpretation of the crosscorrelation function using different methods of prewhitening, time splitting and nonstationarity of the crosscorrelation structure. In particular, it was found that after prewhitening the crosscorrelation function between the explanatory series SO2 and the response series SYMPTOMS changes with time. While during the winter period an instantaneous relation between these two series (and to a lesser extent between NO2 and SYMPTOMS) was identified, no such relation was found for the other seasons. 相似文献