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151.
Tsai CJ Cheng KC Aggarwal SG Shih TS Hung IF 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2003,53(10):1265-1272
A new triple filter system sampler/model is proposed for the precise and accurate simultaneous sampling and determination of gas- and aerosol-phase 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (TDI). The system consists of two front Teflon filters for sampling aerosol-phase TDI and a final coated glass fiber filter to collect gas-phase TDI. The aerosol-phase TDI is collected on the first Teflon filter, while the second Teflon filter is used to estimate gaseous TDI adsorbed by the first. According to the gas adsorption test of two Teflon filters in series, the TDI gas adsorption fraction of the two filters is almost the same. Results of the evaporation test using pure TDI aerosols collected on the Teflon filter show that significant evaporation of the compound does not occur during sampling. These two findings allow the use of a model to estimate accurate gas- and aerosol-phase TDI concentrations. The comparison test with an annular denuder shows that the triple filter system can minimize the TDI sampling bias between the dual filter and the annular denuder systems. 相似文献
152.
Organotins and imposex in the rock shell, Thais clavigera, from oyster mariculture areas in Taiwan 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Hung TC Hsu WK Mang PJ Chuang A 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2001,112(2):145-152
The amounts of organotin compounds such as butyltins [sigma BTs: tributyl- (TBT), dibutyl- (DBT), monobutyl- (MBT)] and phenyltins [sigma PhTs: triphenyl- (TPhT), diphenyl- (DPhT) and monophenyl- (MPhT)] in rock shells, Thais clavigera, from the northern (Shiangsan), central (Lukang) and southern (Chiku) Taiwan oyster mariculture areas varied with season and location. High values of sigma BTs (mainly TBT) and low values of sigma PhTs (mainly TPhT) were found during winter (January 1999) at Shiangsan, while high amounts of sigma PhTs (mainly TPhT) and low sigma BTs (mainly TBT) were found during summer (August 1998) at Lukang. The snails were also affected by imposex. Imposex at Shiangsan, Lukang and Chiku increased from 67.1, 59.3 and 36.7% in summer to 100, 100 and 80% in winter, respectively. Relative penis size indices similar trend at Chiku site. No male displayed rock shells were found at Shiangsan and Lukang in winter. Linear correlations between pseudopenis length versus TBT (r = 0.7655, P < 0.001), DBT (r = 0.4253, P < 0.05), MBT (r = 0.5865, P < 0.01) and TPhT (r = -0.6160, P < 0.01) were obtained significant. Among 200 samples, significant positive correlations between length (pseudopenis/shell) ratio of female versus TBT (r = 0.6944, P < 0.005) and sigma BTs (r = 0.6413, r < 0.01) were also observed. The weak correlations between length (pseudopenis/shell) ratio of female versus DBT (r = 0.3085) and MBT (r = 0.4240, P < 0.1) and TPhT (-0.4917, P < 0.05; negative correlation) could indicate that DBT, MBT and TPhT have little or no effect on the development of imposex in rock shells. 相似文献
153.
In the isolated Aluoi Valley of central Viet Nam, very high levels of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) were measured in soil, fish fat, duck fat, pooled human blood and breast milk samples collected from A So village between 1996 and 1999. The village was situated on a former military base occupied by US Special Forces between 1963 and 1966. TCDD was a contaminant of the herbicide "Agent Orange", aerially sprayed in the valley between 1965 and 1970, and stored at the A So base. Measured levels were lower near the sites of two other former US bases in the valley which had been occupied for shorter periods of time. In areas where Agent Orange had been applied by low-flying aircraft, levels of TCDD in soil, food and human samples were elevated, but lower than those near the three former US bases. We confirm the apparent food chain transfer of TCDD from contaminated soil to cultured fish pond sediments to fish and duck tissues, then to humans as measured in whole blood and breast milk. We theorize that the Aluoi Valley is a microcosm of southern Viet Nam, where numerous reservoirs of TCDD exist in the soil of former military installations south of the former demilitarized zone. Large quantities of Agent Orange were stored at many sites, used in ground and aerial applications, and spilled. TCDD, through various forms of soil disturbance, can be mobilized from these reservoirs after decades below the surface, and subsequently, introduced into the human food chain. 相似文献
154.
Cira Marisol Echeverria-Palencia Cristina M. Callejas Ileana Jimenez Karina Herrera Rafael Hung Wei-Cheng Colima Nicolas Schmidt Amanda Jay Jennifer A. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(32):43507-43514
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment contributes to the global rise in antibiotic resistant infections.... 相似文献
155.
Pham Hong Thi Vu Long Duc Lê Ngoc Chi Hoang Thu-Huong Thi 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(28):42005-42015
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - It is increasingly being recognized that biotic ligand models (BLMs) can successfully predict the toxicity of divalent metals toward aquatic biota... 相似文献
156.
Hung Tao Shen Terrence O. Harden 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1978,14(6):1429-1439
ABSTRACT: The effect of ice cover on vertical transfer is examined based on the Reynolds' analogy and composite logarithmic velocity distributions. A finite difference scheme is used to predict concentration profiles in a two-dimensional channel. Comparisons made between the ice-covered condition and the ice-free condition show that considerable reduction in mixing capacity of the channel is caused by the ice cover. 相似文献
157.
Viet Tran Reid Turner Andrew MacFadden Dale Esliger Kunio Komiyama 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2016,22(3):301-304
Activation of back musculature during work tasks leads to fatigue and potential injury. This is especially prevalent in dentists who perform much of their work from a seated position. We examined the use of an ergonomic dental stool with mid-sternum chest support for reducing lower back muscle activation. Electromyography of lower back extensors was assessed from 30 dental students for 20?s during three conditions in random order: (a) sitting upright at 90° of hip flexion on a standard stool, (b) leaning forward at 80° of hip flexion on a standard stool, and (c) leaning forward at 80° of hip flexion while sitting on an ergonomic stool. Muscular activity of the back extensors was reduced when using the ergonomic stool compared to the standard stool, by 33–50% (p?0.01). This suggests a potential musculoskeletal benefit with use of a dental stool with mid-sternum chest support. 相似文献
158.
Factors affecting distribution of macroalgal periphyton were examined during a complete seasonal cycle in Tapong Bay, a eutrophic tropical lagoon in southern Taiwan. Water residence time varied from a few days to weeks. Total biomass and species richness declined with increasing residence time. However, they appeared to exhibit a unimodal seasonal pattern across all study sites, with blooms and greater richness in winter and spring and lower values in summer and fall. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination of macroalgal communities reveals a clear gradual continuum of changes in species composition along the flushing gradient, suggesting the communities were primarily structured by site, and secondarily by season. The fast-flushing region was dominated by the chlorophycean genus Ulva, which was replaced by Enteromorpha intestinalis at mid-flushing levels, while the cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula was the dominant species in the slow-flushing region. Tissue nitrogen, but not tissue phosphorus, of these dominant species increased with increasing nutrient availability as a result of slow flushing. Our results suggest that water motion was an important selective factor for the spatial dominance of macroalgal species in Tapong Bay. This study demonstrates that species-dependent ordination is more sensitive in discriminating between sites than are species-independent measures such as total biomass and nutrient content when monitoring coastal eutrophication in the tropics. However, more-sensitive ordination provides only an early warning that a community is changing; less-sensitive measures are also required to indicate the magnitude and type of these environmental changes.Communicated by T. Ikeda, Hakodate 相似文献
159.
Estimation of metal and organochlorine pesticide exposures and potential health threat by consumption of oysters in Taiwan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Han BC Jeng WL Hung TC Ling YC Shieh MJ Chien LC 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2000,109(1):147-156
Pollutant concentrations detected in oysters from 12 different culture areas of Taiwan (especially for the Hsiangshan area and the Machu Islands) from 1991-98 were evaluated to investigate potential carcinogenic (inorganic As and organochlorine pesticides) and non-carcinogenic (Cu, Zn, Cd and inorganic As) risk to the public from ingestion of the oysters. The highest geometric mean (GM) Cu and Zn concentrations of 1108 (range 113-2806) and 1567 (range 303-3593) microg/g dry weight were obtained in oysters from the Hsiangshan coastal area. The maximum GM Cd and As concentrations of 6.82 and 19.3 microg/g dry weight were found in oysters from the Machu Islands area. The p,p'-DDE values range from not detectable in Penghu Islands' oysters to 164 ng/g dry weight in Machu Islands' oysters. The highest tDDT (sum of p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD and p,p'-DDT) concentrations of 337 and 340 ng/g dry weight were found in oysters from Kimmen and Machu Islands, respectively. A calculated target hazard quotient (THQ; daily intake/reference dose) of 11.4 (based on 139 g oysters/day) for Cu caused by consuming oysters from the Hsiangshan area is higher than that from other areas (range 0.124-5.95). The highest average Cu intake from Hsiangshan's oysters for individuals is 11.4 times (i.e. THQ=11.4) more than that of reference dose (40 microg/kg/day). However, the maximum THQ values for Cd and As caused by consuming oysters collected from the Machu Islands were 5.57 and 2.63 for Cd and As, respectively. Generally, the results of THQ showed that if only the maximally exposed individuals were considered, the value of 65.4% for oyster was higher than 1.0 in comparison with reference dose. All cancer risk estimates for inorganic As from consuming oysters were higher than 10(-6) (range from 128x10(-6) to 509x10(-6) for maximally exposed individuals and range from 17.1x10(-6) to 68.0x10(-6) for typically exposed individuals, respectively); that is the risk of the lower end of the range of acceptable risk. The highest risk estimate for inorganic As was 509x10(-6) for consumption of oysters by Machu Islands' residents. The lifetime cancer risks of 19.0x10(-6) for tDDT by consuming oysters from the Machu Islands was higher than those from the Penghu Islands (0.37x10(-6)). Therefore, the sum of lifetime cancer risks for tDDT and inorganic As had the highest risks (total risk=528x10(-6)) of consuming oysters from the Machu Islands. Furthermore, a 10(-6) upper limit on lifetime risk as the health protection standard would require maximum oyster consumption rates of approximately 0.26 g/day. 相似文献
160.
Air Pollution from Secondary Aluminum Production: Determining the Applicability of MACT Requirements
EPA's Maximum Achievable Control Technology rule for secondary aluminum production is intended to substantially reduce emissions of hazardous air pollutants. It may also impose significant costs on affected facilities. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献