高浓度阿维菌素生产废水治理与资源回收技术研究

采用预处理一厌氧水解－二段接触氧化工艺处理阿维菌素废水，在厌氧段停留时间为１０ｈ，好氧段停留时间为６ｈ条件下，厌氧好氧段ＣＯＤ总去除率达９１％，     

基于数据挖掘算法和数值模拟技术的大气污染减排效果评估

近年来,京津冀地区采取了大量污染减排措施进行大气污染治理,如何客观评估减排效果是目前大气环境领域的研究难点.为准确评估大气污染过程的减排效果,本文利用北京地区常规气象资料、国控站PM_(2.5)浓度资料,遴选了北京地区2018年3月11—14日和2013年3月14—17日两次空气污染过程,计算了大气容量系数、静稳指数,并利用KNN数据挖掘算法和WRF-Chem模式,对比分析了有无减排条件下的PM_(2.5)日均浓度.结果表明:两次空气污染过程的天气形势和局地气象条件较相似,就大气热力和动力的垂直结构来看,2018年空气污染过程比2013年空气污染过程的大气稳定性更强、边界层高度更低、环境容量更小,但PM_(2.5)峰值浓度却显著下降,平均浓度明显降低,PM_(2.5)小时浓度的增长趋势相对平缓,重污染持续时间缩短.KNN数据挖掘算法减排评估结果显示,该方法能够较好地预测PM_(2.5)日均浓度的变化趋势,2018年3月11—14日,在减排和不减排情景下PM_(2.5)日均值分别为171和229μg·m~(-3),减排使得污染过程PM_(2.5)平均浓度下降了25.3%.数值模拟结果与KNN数据分析结论吻合,进一步验证了减排措施的有效性.综合看来,2018年空气污染过程中PM_(2.5)浓度相比历史相似气象条件下的污染过程显著降低,这是长期大力度减排效果的体现.     

2株高效溶赤潮异湾藻放线菌的鉴定及溶藻特性

从武汉周边土壤中分离得到2株具有强溶藻能力的放线菌,命名为B-10和G-11.研究了2株菌对赤潮异弯藻(Heterosigma akashiwo)、锥状斯克里普藻(Scrippsiella trochoidea)、微小原甲藻(Prorocentrum minimum)、金藻(Golden algae)的溶藻效果及溶藻方式,通过形态学特征、培养特征、生理生化鉴定、16S rDNA序列分析对其进行鉴定.研究结果表明,株放线菌对赤潮异湾藻和锥状斯克里普藻都有较好的溶藻效果,对微小原甲藻和金藻的生长也有抑制作用,且在传代5次后能够保持稳定的溶藻效果, 按1％的体积比接种5d后B-10和G-11对异湾藻的去除率分别为90%和99.44%.通过溶藻方式研究,发现2菌株都是通过释放胞外代谢物溶藻,且胞外代谢产物对温度敏感,当温度达到100℃时会使2种溶藻物质失活.经形态学特征、生理生化鉴定及16S rDNA序列分析结果,可初步判断,B-10菌株属于链霉菌属的细黄链霉菌(Streptomyces microflavus)类群,菌株G-11属于链霉菌属的变异链霉菌(Streptomyces variabilis )类群.     

贵州清水江流域丰水期水化学特征及离子来源分析

对清水江流域丰水期河水离子浓度及组成特征分析表明,流域水化学组成以Ca2+、HCO-3离子为主,其次为Mg2+、SO2-4;TDS均值213.96 mg·L-1,高于世界流域均值.根据海盐校正分析得出,研究区大气降水中海盐输入对流域水化学的贡献率为2.23%,低于世界河流均值3%.Gibbs图结合离子比值分析表明,流域水化学主要受碳酸盐岩风化影响,越往下游硅酸盐岩化学风化贡献越明显,碳酸和硫酸同时参与了流域岩石风化过程.离子来源分析表明,Ca2+、Mg2+、HCO-3离子主要来自于白云石、方解石等碳酸盐岩风化溶解,Na+、K+、Cl-主要来源于硅酸盐岩风化;SO2-4和NO-3主要来源于大气酸沉降和城镇废水输入.人为活动影响分析表明上游工矿企业活动对清水江流域水化学影响明显.     

基于元数据管理的防腐蚀技术网络数据库设计

基于元数据管理的数据共享方式,参照Dublincore元数据标准体系,建立了符合防腐蚀技术数据管理的元数据标准体系,实现防腐蚀技术数据的元数据集中存储、集中管理,对录入数据进行严格的质量控制.采用ASP.NET技术,开发了Windows环境下的网络防腐蚀技术数据库查询系统.该数据库查询系统由6部分组成:产品零件防腐蚀设计库、工程结构防腐蚀设计库,材料自然环境腐蚀数据、腐蚀标准规范库、腐蚀失效分析库以及腐蚀知识数据库.系统所有数据资源可实现网络共享,用户可方便快捷地获得防腐蚀设计和控制方面的解决方案.     

“十一五”宁夏经济增长与环境质量特征分析

利用SPSS统计分析宁夏“十一五”期间经济与环境质量数据的关联程度并建立回归模型。结果表明：宁夏人均GDP与环境指标二氧化硫排放总量、环保重点城市二氧化硫浓度、重点城市降水中硫酸根离子浓度、化学需氧量排放总量、黄河宁夏段高锰酸盐指数浓度、氨氮浓度、水综合污染指数等均存在显著线性负相关。随着经济增长,重点城市空气质量和黄河宁夏段水环境质量也相应改善,经济增长与环境质量相互促进、和谐发展,经济环保实现双赢。环境质量的改善直接得益于污染减排工程,全区水、气污染防治政策较为成功,环保成绩显著。     

缺氧－好氧生物膜法脱氮技术的研究

为了防止氮污染对水体造成的危害,我国对氨氮排放实行严格的控制。采用缺氧－好氧淹没式生物膜脱氮方法研究其处理效果与工艺参数,并着重研究氮负荷和碳源对硝化、反硝化的影响;微生物在膜上的分布特性及其对底质变化的影响。研究结果表明：缺氧段（A段）停留时间为7.3h,好氧段（0段）为15.7h好氧段容积负荷：COD0.36kg/m³·d,NH₃－N0.35kg/m³·d;缺氧段硝态氮负荷0.65kg/m³·d,COD负荷1.7kg/m³·d。这一水处理技术工艺稳定,NH₃－N与NO_x－N的去除率均在90％以上,而且生物活性强,分布较均匀,是目前控制氮污染的有效方法。     

Hexabromocyclododecane and tetrabromobisphenol A in sediments and paddy soils from Liaohe River Basin, China: Levels, distribution and mass inventory

Hexabromocyclododecane(HBCD) and tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBPA) are two kinds of brominated flame retardants and widely present in the environment and biota. The levels,spatial distributions and mass inventories of HBCD and TBBPA were investigated in sediments and paddy soils from the Liaohe River Basin in northeast China. The concentrations of ΣHBCD and TBBPA were in the range of not detected(nd) to 4.02 ng/g dry weight(dw) and 0.03 to 4.06 ng/g dw, respectively. γ-HBCD was dominated in sediments,while the abundance of α-HBCD was relatively high in paddy soils. The spatial distributions of HBCD and TBBPA in surface sediments and paddy soils indicated that the local point-input was their major source. The significant correlation between total organic carbon(TOC) contents and the HBCD levels suggested that TOC content also exerted an influence on the distribution of HBCD in sediments. Meanwhile, it was found that the irrigation with river water was not the major transportation pathway of HBCD and TBBPA in paddy soils. Based on the study, it was estimated that there were about 1.67 tons HBCD and 2.20 tons TBBPA deposited into sediments of the Liaohe River system every year. The total mass inventories of HBCD and TBBPA in sediments were far higher than that in paddy soils.     

Screening and degrading characteristics and community structure of a high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial consortium from contaminated soil

Inoculation with effcient microbes had been proved to be the most important way for the bioremediation of polluted environments. For the treatment of abandoned site of Beijing Coking Chemical Plant contaminated with high level of high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(HMW-PAHs) ,a bacterial consortium capable of degrading HMW-PAHs,designated 1-18-1,was enriched and screened from HMW-PAHs contaminated soil.Its degrading ability was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) ,and the community structure was investigated by construction and analyses of the 16S rRNA gene clone libraries(A,B and F) at different transfers.The results indicated that 1-18-1 was able to utilize pyrene,fluoranthene and benzoapyrene as sole carbon and energy source for growth.The degradation rate of pyrene and fluoranthene reached 82.8%and 96.2%after incubation for 8 days at 30°C,respectively;while the degradation rate of benzoapyrene was only 65.1%after incubation for 28 days at 30°C. Totally,108,100 and 100 valid clones were randomly selected and sequenced from the libraries A,B,and F.Phylogenetic analyses showed that all the clones could be divided into 5 groups,Bacteroidetes,α-Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,β-Proteobacteria andγ-Proteobacteria.Sequence similarity analyses showed total 39 operational taxonomic units(OTUs) in the libraries.The predominant bacterial groups wereα-Proteobacteria(19 OTUs,48.7%) ,γ-Proteobacteria(9 OTUs,23.1%) andβ-Proteobacteria(8 OTUs,20.5%) . During the transfer process,the proportions ofα-Proteobacteria andβ-Proteobacteria increased greatly(from 47%to 93%) ,while γ-Proteobacteria decreased from 32%(library A) to 6%(library F) ;and Bacteroidetes group disappeared in libraries B and F.     

中国近海沉积物在生源要素循环中的功能

中国近海沉积物中生源要素的含量与其粒度、河流输入等诸多因素有关。一般沉积物粒度由粗到细 ,有机质含量由低到高 ,OC ,N ,P的含量递增 ,S和Si含量递减。沉积物的生物地球化学环境涉及到Eh ,pH ,温度 ,OC含量 ,Fe3 /Fe2 值 ,水动力条件 ,沉积物的颗粒大小和间隙水的S体系 ,以及生物扰动等因素 ,它们影响着沉积物中生源要素的早期成岩过程和循环。一般而言 ,中国近海沉积物—海水界面S2 -,HS-,H4SiO4,PO43 -,NH4 的扩散通量是从沉积物向上覆水 ,而SO42 -,HCO3 -,NO3 -,NO2 -的扩散通量从上覆水向沉积物中扩散。生物扰动对沉积物—海水界面生源要素的循环起重要作用。