地下水位对引潮力响应的初步研究——以各向同性多孔介质弹性理论分析

本文以多孔隙弹性介质线性孔隙弹性理论为基础,利用含水层系统孔隙压力变化与平均应力之间的线性数学表达式,选择合适时间段的地下水位与理论引潮力资料,计算水位变化对引潮力响应关系的比例系数和相关系数,验证了地下水位对引潮力响应关系较密切,同时提供了符合场地条件下含水层Skempton比例系数的计算方法。     

氯苯甲酸植物毒性实验中抗氧化酶变化的量化研究

为研究氯苯甲酸(CBA)的植物毒性,评估生物化学参数能否作为CBA植物毒性的指示因子,采用对CBA敏感的小白菜种子和大白菜种子进行暴露实验,在根伸长抑制率为10%～50%的质量浓度范围内,研究了CBA剂量-抗氧化酶活性的关系.结果表明:随着CBA质量浓度的升高,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性总体上呈逐渐上升至峰值然后下降趋势,过氧化物酶(POD)活性逐渐降低,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性与SOD活性近似,呈先升后降趋势,但幅度大于SOD活性.对CBA剂量-酶活性抑制率进行了回归分析,对拟合效果进行了显著性检验(P<0.05),并求出相应的半效应浓度(EC50),实验材料的SOD和CAT活性的EC50均在实验区间之外,POD活性的EC50则在实验区间之内,表明在实验区间内,SOD和CAT活性不敏感,POD活性为有效指标      

印尼苏门答腊海域强震与广东地下水位响应特征研究

2004年以来印尼苏门答腊海域发生了4 次8.3 级以上巨大地震,广东地区地下水位观测记录到这4次地震的大量响应信息,归纳这些响应信息的表现形态、特征、及响应过程,获得响应强弱与震级大小之间的关系以及响应的"敏感点"等.通过总结这4次强震响应信息,有助于理解强地震的衰减过程和开展震源物理相关研究.     

Simulation of Potential Oyster Density with Variable Freshwater Inflow (1965–2000) to the Caloosahatchee River Estuary, Southwest Florida, USA

Oyster beds are disappearing worldwide through a combination of over-harvesting, diseases, and salinity alterations in the coastal zone. Sensitivity of oysters to variable discharge and salinity is particularly acute in small sub-tropical estuaries subject to regulated freshwater releases. South Florida has sub-tropical estuaries where watershed flood control sometimes results in excessive freshwater inflow to estuaries during the wet season (May–Oct) and reduced discharge and increased salinities in the dry season (Nov–Apr). The potential to reserve freshwater accumulated during the wet season could offer the capacity to regulate freshwater at different temporal scales, thus optimizing salinity conditions for estuarine biota. The goal of this study was to use simulation modeling to explore the effects of freshwater inflows and salinity on adult oyster survival in the Caloosahatchee River Estuary (CRE) in southwest Florida. Water managers derived three different freshwater inflow scenarios for the CRE based on historical and modified watershed attributes for the time period of 1965–2000. Three different salinity time series were generated from the inflow scenarios at each of three sites in the lower CRE and used to conduct nine different oyster simulations. Overall, the predicted densities of adult oysters in the upstream site were 3–4 times greater in seasons that experienced reduced freshwater inflow (e.g., increased salinity) with oyster density in the lower estuary much less influenced by the inflows. Potential storage of freshwater reduced the frequency of extreme flows in the wet season and helped to maintain minimum inflow in the dry season near the estuarine mouth. Analyses of inflows indicated that discharges ranging from 0 to 1,500 cfs could promote favorable salinities of 10–25 in the lower CRE depending on wet versus dry season climatic conditions. This range of inflows is similar to that derived in other studies of the CRE and emphasizes the value of simulation models to help prescribe freshwater releases which benefit estuarine biota.     

Biomass as the Renewable Energy Sources in Malaysia: An Overview

Past and current economic growths of Malaysia have been primarily energized by fossil fuels. Malaysia has very substantial potential for biomass energy utilization given its equatorial climate that is ideal for dense tropical forest growth and agricultural vegetation. There are five major sectors contributing wastes to biomass energy in Malaysia: forestry (wood products), rubber cultivation, cocoa cultivation, sugar cane cultivation and oil palm cultivation. Biomass in Malaysia contributes about 14% of the approximately 340 million barrel of oil equivalent (boe) of energy used every year. This paper provides an overview on the types of biomass being used, the research works on biomass conversion into energy and the present biomass energy projects in Malaysia.     

The effect of nanosilica incorporation on the mechanical properties of concrete exposed to elevated temperature: a review

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Exposing concrete to high temperatures leads to harmful effects in its mechanical and microstructural properties, and ultimately to total failure. In...     

Curcumin antagonizes inflammation and autophagy induced by arsenic trioxide through immune protection in duck spleen

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Arsenic is a toxic heavy metal widely found in the natural environment and has adverse effects on the health of waterfowl and human. Curcumin (CUR), a...     

Influence of inclination angle on dust migration and settlement characteristics of excavation roadway

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The migration law of dust in the roadway is the basis of dust control, but most of the relevant studies are based on the horizontal roadway, ignoring...     

Adsorption characterization of Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions onto chitosan-tripolyphosphate beads: Kinetic,equilibrium and thermodynamic studies

Chitosan-tripolyphosphate (CTPP) beads were synthesized, characterized and were used for the adsorption of Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution. The effects of initial pH, agitation period, adsorbent dosage, different initial concentrations of heavy metal ions and temperature were studied. The experimental data were correlated with the Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models. The maximum adsorption capacities of Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions in a single metal system based on the Langmuir isotherm model were 57.33 and 26.06 mg/g, respectively. However, the beads showed higher selectivity towards Cu(II) over Pb(II) ions in the binary metal system. Various thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy (ΔH°), Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) and entropy (ΔS°) changes were computed and the results showed that the adsorption of both heavy metal ions onto CTPP beads was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The kinetic data were evaluated based on the pseudo-first and -second order kinetic and intraparticle diffusion models. Infrared spectra were used to elucidate the mechanism of Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions adsorption onto CTPP beads.     

超临界溶液快速膨胀技术在微细颗粒制备中的应用

超临界溶液快速膨胀技术是近三十年来发展起来的新技术。本文对该技术制备微细颗粒原理作了简要的介绍 ,对国内外该技术制备超细粉体装置进行了较为详细的分析 ,并综述了该领域的研究现状和主要成果。