Uranium removal from groundwater via in situ biostimulation: Field-scale modeling of transport and biological processes

During 2002 and 2003, bioremediation experiments in the unconfined aquifer of the Old Rifle UMTRA field site in western Colorado provided evidence for the immobilization of hexavalent uranium in groundwater by iron-reducing Geobacter sp. stimulated by acetate amendment. As the bioavailable Fe(III) terminal electron acceptor was depleted in the zone just downgradient of the acetate injection gallery, sulfate-reducing organisms came to dominate the microbial community. In the present study, we use multicomponent reactive transport modeling to analyze data from the 2002 field experiment to identify the dominant transport and biological processes controlling uranium mobility during biostimulation, and determine field-scale parameters for these modeled processes. The coupled process simulation approach was able to establish a quantitative characterization of the principal flow, transport, and reaction processes based on the 2002 field experiment, that could be applied without modification to describe the 2003 field experiment. Insights gained from this analysis include field-scale estimates of the bioavailable Fe(III) mineral threshold for the onset of sulfate reduction, and rates for the Fe(III), U(VI), and sulfate terminal electron accepting processes.     

黄浦江上游优先控制有机物的筛选

参考国内外同行有关控制物的筛选方法，通过黄浦江上游饮用水源保护区内水质的污染现状分析，确立了黄浦江上游水源保护区优先控制污染物的筛选原则和筛选程序，建立了黄浦江上游工业废水和地面水中的优先控制的名单。     

Cleaning carcinogenic nitrosamines with zeolites

N-nitrosamines are characterized with an N-nitroso group N–NO. N-nitrosamines are strong carcinogens or potent carcinogens. Nitrosamines occur widely in the environment, e.g., as tobacco smoke that causes cancers of lungs, larynx, oral cavity and pharynx, pancreas, kidney and bladder. It is difficult to capture selectively N-nitrosamines in the environment. Therefore, zeolite, which is a molecular sieve, may help to sequester N-nitrosamines. Zeolites are a class of aluminosilicates, characterized by ordered microporous structures with acidic–basic sites on the surface and energetic field inside the pores. They have been widely applied in industry as adsorbents and catalysts because of their unique shape selectivity. Here, we review the latest research on adsorption and catalytic degradation of N-nitrosamines by zeolite materials. The efficiency of zeolite is increased using metal oxides. Removal of N-nitrosamines in smoke is discussed.     

Offshore marine cheilostome Bryozoa from Fort Lauderdale,Florida

Cheilostome Bryozoa were collected upon marine fouling test panels exposed offshore from Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA between 1961 and 1967. Panels were exposed at certain depths, ranging from the surface to the bottom, in several arrays extending to a distance of 4 miles offshore. Twenty-three species were identified from the 114 panels recovered and examined. Most species were found on panels in shallow water, or on panels near the bottom in deeper, offshore water. A notable exception was a large, arborescent colony of Biflustra savartii which engulfed a panel 50 feet (15 m) deep, 4 miles from shore, in the Florida current. The lack of cheilostome Bryozoa on shallow and mid-water panels at the offshore, deepwater stations was apparently due to the low number of larvae reaching them from the distant inshore colonies.     

环境水力学研究的高效率座标测量方法

本文根据系统思想,提出了一种新的用于环境水力学研究的高效率座标测量方法。经现场试验证明,该法与传统方法相比可提高工作效率数倍。     

超临界溶液快速膨胀技术在微细颗粒制备中的应用

超临界溶液快速膨胀技术是近三十年来发展起来的新技术。本文对该技术制备微细颗粒原理作了简要的介绍 ,对国内外该技术制备超细粉体装置进行了较为详细的分析 ,并综述了该领域的研究现状和主要成果。     

高速公路路域植被恢复设计与施工技术初探

在高速公路建设之后 ,对其破坏的植被尽快进行恢复是一项重要内容 ,多年来由于指导思想不同 ,实施效果与预想相差很大。本文力求从生态学的角度出发 ,从设计、施工和养护几个植被恢复重要环节进行分析 ,寻求适宜的高速公路生态恢复技术     

岩溶山区表土中~7Be、~(137)Cs、~(226)Ra和~(228)Ra的地球化学相分配及其侵蚀示踪意义

岩溶山区表土中７Ｂｅ、１３７Ｃｓ、２２６Ｒａ和２２８Ｒａ地球化学相分配的实验研究表明，４种核素绝大部分（８５％以上）存在于ＦｅＭｎ氧化物、有机质及残渣相中．它们在表土的迁移过程中具微粒迁移性，能较好地随土粒般运，可作为土粒侵蚀或沉积的示踪剂．但其微粒示踪类型又各具特征：７Ｂｅ的化学形态与其季节性微粒迁移示踪一致；１３７Ｃｓ的化学形态适用于示踪土粒累计性迁移和沉积计年；２２６Ｒａ和２２８Ｒａ存在于粘土矿物结晶骨架中，在表土中主要以残渣相存在，由矿物化学风化作用而转入可溶解、可交换及碳酸盐结合相的比例很小，二者比活度的形态变化分异具有很好的侵蚀堆积示踪价值．     

基于卫星遥感的甘肃省吸收性气溶胶的研究

基于OMAERUV数据日产品，对甘肃省2008~2017年吸收性气溶胶指数（UVAI）的时空分布进行了分析，并对其相关因素进行了探讨，结果表明：该省近10a UVAI空间格局为由西北向东南区域逐步递减，UVAI的高值区域一直分布在酒泉市及邻近区域，为吸收性气溶胶污染源中心；甘肃省UVAI的稳定性呈现从东北向西南区域逐渐降低的规律；UVAI月均值呈现出明显的规律性，每年的月变化均呈现"V"型；四季UVAI水平为：冬季 > 春季 > 秋季 > 夏季，四季变化规律基本同步，十年来四季的UVAI呈逐渐上升趋势，且四季中主导的吸收性气溶胶来源不同.基于PM_2.5的UVAI指示的空气质量等级分析，甘肃省空气质量以良为主；从气象因素与UVAI相关性分析来看，降水量、气温均与UVAI之间呈现显著正相关，风向也对其空间分布有重要影响；植被覆盖度与UVAI呈现正相关的区域主要分布在甘肃省西北部、武威市中部区域，呈现负相关的甘肃南部天水、陇南等区域为较高的植被覆盖区域.从人类活动因子与UVAI相关性来看，地区生产总值、各产业产值与UVAI有着明显的正相关性，尤其以第二产业与UVAI相关性最高；UVAI与汽车保有量、能源消耗总量及人口密度均存在较强的正相关，说明汽车尾气和工业排放及建筑粉尘也是吸收性气溶胶的重要来源.针对甘肃省UVAI时空分布特点、自然及人类活动因素分析情况，提出了减少人类活动强度等建议.     

New approaches to characterizing urban air particles in central London

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