基于产业结构视角的我国经济与环境耦合系统的演化分析

产业结构是人类作用于生态环境系统的主要环节,其组合类型与强度在很大程度上决定了经济发展对资源环境的胁迫作用。从产业结构视角研究经济与资源环境的协调程度,可从根本上阐释经济—环境—资源的矛盾。从产业结构的角度阐述经济发展与资源环境承载力耦合含义,利用协同学思想构建两者之间的耦合度模型,以1996年以来产业结构与资源环境的相关数据为基础进行分析。研究表明,产业结构与资源环境的耦合协调度经历了一个先上升后下降的过程,整体处于较低层次。产业结构发展程度与资源环境利用的有效性存在密切联系,产业结构的优化可促进资源的有效利用和生态环境的保护。     

城市旅游的驱动机制和突变发展模式研究——以都江堰市经济开发区为例

运用概念性旅游规划的原理和技术路线分析了都江堰市经济开发区发展城市旅游的驱动机制,根据突变理论探讨了都江堰经济开发区的发展模式,为都江堰区域旅游地的整体整合和长远发展提供导向。     

基于分形理论的江苏沿江城镇体系研究

开放条件下,“全球 地方”作用深刻影响着区域城镇体系,沿江发达地区表现尤其典型。基于分形的相关理论和方法,以2006年为时空断面,对江苏沿江地区城镇体系的空间分布进行实证研究。结果表明：（1）区域城镇规模等级结构服从Zipf定律,首位城市南京在区域城市体系中的垄断性相对较强,但并非处于绝对垄断地位;（2）空间关联维数显示,沿江地区城镇体系的交通网络通达性优良,各城镇间联系紧密;（3）根据分维数和无标度区分析,三大城市群中,宁镇扬城市群分形发育最好,苏锡常次之,通泰城市群分形发育最差;（4）扬州、镇江、南京和苏州的城镇集聚程度较高,分形发育较为成熟;南通、泰州、无锡和常州的集聚程度均较低,分形结构不佳。扬州在区域城镇体系中分形发育最为完善,中心性最好,历史上形成的这种空间格局至今没有变化.     

工业园区低碳发展模式评估与规划分析

通过对工业园区低碳发展模式的评估,分析其低碳发展的能源特征、经济特征与人力特征,并确定工业园区二氧化碳减排的潜力能源。基于能源-碳减排(EC)、经济-能源-碳减排(EEC)和人力-经济-能源-碳减排(HEEC)三种不同情景,在未来发展的一定规划期内,对工业园区具有二氧化碳减排潜力的能源进行规划分析,确定其年递减率,从而实现工业园区不同情景下的二氧化碳减排。通过实际案例研究,证明了评估与规划分析模型的可行性。     

Characterization of plutonium in deep-sea sediments of the Sulu and South China Seas

Anthropogenic Pu isotopes are important geochemical tracers for sediment studies. Their distributions and sources in the water columns as well as the sediments of the North Pacific have been intensively studied; however, information about Pu in the Southeast Asian seas is limited. To study the isotopic composition of Pu, and thus to identify its sources, we collected sediment core samples in the South China Sea and the Sulu Sea during the KH-96-5 Cruise of the R/V Hakuho Maru. We analysed the activities of ^239+240Pu and the atom ratios of ²⁴⁰Pu/²³⁹Pu using isotope dilution sector-field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SF-ICP-MS). The ²⁴⁰Pu/²³⁹Pu atom ratios in the sediments of both areas (inventory weighted mean: 0.251 for the South China Sea and 0.280 for the Sulu Sea) were higher than the global fallout value (0.178 ± 0.019), suggesting the existence of Pu from the Pacific Proving Grounds in the North Pacific. Low inventories of ^239+240Pu in sediments were observed in the South China Sea (3.75 Bq/m²) and the Sulu Sea (1.38 Bq/m²). Most of the Pu input is still present in the water column. Scavenging and benthic mixing processes were considered to be the main processes controlling the distribution of Pu in the deep-sea sediments of both study areas.     

Tree bark as a passive air sampler to indicate atmospheric polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in southeastern China

The different barks were sampled to discuss the influence of the tree species, trunk circumference, and bark thickness on the accumulation processes of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) from air into the bark. The results of different PBDE concentrations indicated that barks with a thickness of 0–3 mm collected from weeping willow, Camphor tree, and Masson pine, the trunk circumferences of which were 100 to 150 cm, were better PBDEs passive samplers. Furthermore, tree bark and the corresponding air samples were collected at Anji (AJ), Hangzhou (HZ), Shanghai (SH), and Wenling (WL) to investigate the relationship between the PBDE concentrations in bark and those in air. In addition, the significant correlation (r ²?=?0.906; P?<?0.05) indicated that atmospheric PBDEs were the principle source for the accumulation of PBDEs in the barks. In this study, the log K _BA (bark–air partition coefficient) of individual PBDE congeners at the four sites were in the range from 5.69 to 6.79. Finally, the total PBDE concentration in WL was 5 to 20 times higher than in the other three cities. The result indicated that crude household workshops contributed a heavy amount of PBDEs pollution to the environment, which had been verified by the spatial distribution of PBDEs levels in barks collected at Wenling (range, 26.53–1317.68 ng/g dw). The good correlation between the PBDE concentrations in the barks and the air samples and the variations of the PBDE concentrations in tree barks collected from different sites reflected that the bark could be used as a passive sampler to indicate the atmospheric PBDEs.     

镍基催化剂对污泥微波热解制生物气效能的影响

为实现污水污泥减量化、无害化及资源化的目标,在微波热解污水污泥基础上,进行了镍基催化剂对制取生物气效能影响的研究。采用元素分析对污泥元素进行检测,气/质联用分析(GC-MS)和气相色谱(GC)对热解生物气的组成和含量进行测定。实验结果表明,镍基催化剂的添加对微波热解污水污泥制取生物气有较大促进作用。5%添加量与800℃热解终温条件下具有最佳催化效果:生物气中H2、CO产量最大,H2产量由29 g/kg增加到35.8 g/kg,提升23.4%,CO产量由302.7 g/kg增加到383.3 g/kg,提升26.6%;同时催化剂还能提高热能利用效率,降低热解终温,即5%添加量在700℃热解终温时可达到空白800℃时的产气效果;镍基催化剂主要在500~600℃时发挥催化作用,加快了H2和CO的释放。微波热解污泥制取的生物气具有产量大、富含H2与CO等优点,可推动污水污泥的资源化进程。     

基于白碳黑的水化硅酸钙制备及其磷回收特性简

以白碳黑、硅灰、硅藻土和硅胶筛选硅质原料,并与钙质原料电石渣制备了水化硅酸钙。借助XRF、BET、FTIR等表征手段,通过多次重复除磷实验,研究了硅质原料特性对水化硅酸钙回收磷性能的影响。结果表明,白碳黑具有极高的反应活性,因此可作为制备具有磷回收特性的水化硅酸钙的硅质原料。结合XRD等表征发现,白碳黑的有效利用率是影响水化硅酸钙回收磷性能的关键,该利用率取决于白碳黑与电石渣的摩尔配比以及水热反应温度。当电石渣与白碳黑的摩尔比为1.6：1,反应温度为170℃时,白碳黑具有最佳的利用效率。该条件制备的水化硅酸钙可作为晶种,在其表面结晶形成羟基磷灰石,从而达到磷回收的目的,磷回收后固体物质中的磷含量为19.05%。     

Ni2 +对活性污泥活性及群落多样性的影响简

通过检测活性污泥的电子传递体系活性以及生物多样性,研究Ni²⁺对活性污泥微生物活性及群落多样性的影响。结果表明：与对照系统相比,5 mg/L的Ni²⁺对2,3,5-triphenylteltrazolium chloride（TTC-ETS）活性未产生显著的影响;但当Ni²⁺的浓度进一步增大到10、20和40 mg/L后,其对序批式反应器内活性污泥TTC-ETS活性的抑制率分别达到（36.79±11.14）%、（55.88±13.90）%和（70.97±6.78）%。低浓度Ni²⁺能增强活性污泥微生物对碳源的利用,但高于10 mg/L的Ni²⁺则显著抑制了活性污泥微生物对碳源的利用。各个SBR系统中微生物群落最常见的物种相近,物种丰富度和均一性则均有所不同,其中群落物种丰富度随着Ni²⁺浓度的增加而逐渐减小。TTC-ETS活性、平均每孔颜色变化率、Shannon指数和Simpson指数,与Ni²⁺的胁迫浓度之间的显著相关性表明,它们均可有效地表征Ni²⁺胁迫对活性污泥微生物活性及群落多样性的影响程度。     

Impact of demographic dynamics on CO_2 emissions in Sichuan,China

Global climate change is one of the major environmental issues faced by humans.Existing evidence indicates that the anthropogenic push for a rise in the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases(GHGs)(particularly CO_2)has been a primary cause for global warming.Aside from economic and teclinological factors,demographic dynamics(including human consumption in a broad demographic sense)has been a major driver for CO_2 emissions.In this paper,we performed both nonlinear regression analysis(based on the STIRPAT model)and gray correlation degree analysis(based on gray system theory)on the impact of demographic dynamics on CO_2 emissions.Our results reveal that CO_2 emissions are positively correlated with population size and GDP per capita and negatively correlated with energy intensity.We also show that gray correlation degree with CO_2 emissions for five variables(i.e.,household consumption,urbanization rate,household size,population aging rate,population size)varies substantially:household consumptionurbanization ratehousehold sizepopulation aging ratepopulation size,with household consumption being the highest,and population size the lowest.To mitigate the impact of demographic dynamics on CO_2 emissions,it is of vital significance to nurture people's awareness of sustainable consumption and to adhere to current population control policies.