生态建设产业化道路的再思考

分析了我国生态建设现状，困难和矛盾，剖析导致生态建设陷于困难的深刻原析，研究我国生态建设新动态，归纳总结出生态建设成功的条件，要素；指明和构建以市场化，企业化为核心的生态建设产业化道路。     

A numerical simulation of kinetic constraint on evaporation of ammonium nitrate in diffusion denuder

ＡｎｕｍｅｒｉｃａｌｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆｋｉｎｅｔｉｃｃｏｎｓｔｒａｉｎｔｏｎｅｖａｐｏｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆａｍｍｏｎｉｕｍｎｉｔｒａｔｅｉｎｄｉｆｕｓｉｏｎｄｅｎｕｄｅｒＳｈｅｎＪｉＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＥｃｏＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａ...     

观念与挑战

去年，国家环保总局、清华大学和美国耶鲁大学共同举办了“清华耶鲁环境与可持续发展高级干部培训项目”（ESDLP）。该项目旨在提高中国政府、企业和教学科研机构高级管理人员的环境意识。培养其环境与可持续发展方面的理念。学习和借鉴发达国家环境管理的经验与先进技术，进一步提高综合决策能力。参加这个项目的人员主要是来自全国各省市政府的主管市长、环保局长、大学教授和环保企业负责人。本文是两位学员参加培训项目后的学习体会和切身观感。也表现出了中国与西方其它国家在环保观念上的差别。[编者按]     

大气中铁、锰液相催化氧化二氧化硫动力学

研究了ｐｈ在３－５的范围内，大气浓度水平下、铁、锰和铁锰共存时的注相催化氧化的动力学，发现在不同的条件下反应级数，表观反应速率常数和活化能不同，证实了铁，锰对Ｓ（Ⅳ）的液相催化氧化有明显的协同作用，并给出了许多反应体系的经验速率表达式。     

IVP活性炭脱硫性能的研究

采用IVP活性炭吸附法治理污水场隔油池散发的多组分含H2 S废气。研究表明 ,复杂的废气组分并未影响到该活性炭对H2 S的吸附性能 ,且由于处理的废气湿度较高 ,使吸附性能有了较大的提高     

柴达木盆地水资源决策支持系统的设计与开发研究

柴达木盆地水资源规划管理决策属典型的半结构化、多层次、多决策者和多目标的决策问题，为此设计开发了柴达木盆地水资源决策支持系统。文章系统地介绍了柴达木盆地水资源决策支持系统结构框架、设计原则、开发思路、决策模式和基本功能。系统由数据库、模型库及其管理系统三部分组成，模型库包括人口动态模型、宏观经挤模型、水资源模拟模型、绿洲生态需水模型和水资源多目标优化分析模型等5个基本模型。在求解水资源多目标优化分析模型时，使用了逐步法(STEM)，把多目标化为单目标进行求解，决策者在迭代权衡过程中输入经验与偏好信息来获取满意的决策信息。     

Property rights integrity,tenure security and forestland rental market participation: Evidence from Jiangxi Province,China

The decentralization of property rights is the focus of the forest tenure reforms in several developing countries. In China, it was achieved by the launch of a new round of collective forest tenure reform beginning in 2003, which provided farmers with more integrated and secure forestland rights. Drawing on household data collected in Jiangxi province in 2011 and 2013, this paper examines the impacts of households’ recognition of property rights and improved tenure security on forestland rental activities. Our empirical results show that households with higher perceptions of more complete use rights and mortgage rights have a lower probability and intensity of renting‐in land, while households with lower expectations of future forestland redistribution or expropriation are more likely to rent in forestland and more of it. These results imply that the development of a forestland rental market leading to better forest management requires an integrated forestland management approach consisting of decentralization of property rights and village governance. In particular, the central government may further clarify the rights and obligations affiliated to forestland ownership, contractual rights, and management rights; while the village collective may shift from direct intervention in the integrity and security of forestland rights to the supervision and protection of decentralized forestland rights to increase efficiency from the decentralization of property rights.     

Release characteristics of mercury in chemical looping combustion of bituminous coal

This study evaluated the release characteristics of mercury from bituminous coal in chemical looping combustion (CLC) using Australian iron ore as the oxygen carrier in a fixed bed reactor. The effects of several parameters, such as temperature in the fuel reactor (FR) and air reactor (AR), gasification medium in the FR, and reaction atmosphere in the AR, on mercury release characteristics, were investigated. The mercury speciation and release amount in the FR and AR under different conditions were further explored. The results indicate that most of the mercury in coal was released in the FR, while the rest of it was released in the AR. Hg⁰ was found to be the major species in the released mercury. The results also indicate that a higher temperature in the FR led to an increase in the total mercury release amount and a decrease in Hg⁰ proportion. However, a higher temperature in the AR resulted in a decrease in the total mercury release amount and Hg⁰ proportion. The increase in the H₂O/CO₂ ratio of gasification mediums in the FR was beneficial for the increase in the total mercury release amount and Hg⁰ proportion. A higher O₂ concentration in reaction atmosphere in AR had a negligible effect on the total mercury release amount, but a positive effect on Hg⁰ oxidization.     

臭氧氧化工艺对污水处理厂二级出水的处理特性

城镇污水处理厂深度处理单元采用臭氧氧化和臭氧催化氧化工艺可对溶解性难降解有机物进行强化去除。针对臭氧氧化的选择性和臭氧催化氧化去除COD的稳定性,以污水处理厂二级出水为研究对象进行臭氧氧化小试和中试试验,考察不同进水水质情况下臭氧氧化的效果,臭氧氧化后污水可生化性和NH₃-N的变化情况以及臭氧催化氧化去除COD的稳定性。研究结果表明:臭氧氧化对不同水质进水COD的去除效果差异较大,对含有较多饱和有机酸的污水处理效果有限,且臭氧氧化处理后污水BOD₅和NH₃-N均未升高。臭氧催化氧化去除COD的效果与催化剂的吸附饱和程度相关。因此,建议设计城镇污水处理厂臭氧氧化和臭氧催化氧化工艺前需进行小试实验明确对COD的去除效果,臭氧催化氧化小试实验需进行90 d以上或试验至臭氧催化剂达到吸附饱和,不建议在臭氧氧化工艺后增设生物滤池和曝气生物滤池。     

城镇污水处理厂活性污泥反硝化速率的影响因素及优化运行研究

反硝化过程是影响污水处理厂出水总氮达标排放的重要环节之一,进水碳源、回流比、溶解氧（DO）和搅拌方式等均为影响活性污泥反硝化性能的重要因素。通过对太湖流域58座污水处理厂提标改造的运行效果进行评估分析,并对水质波动规律、工艺设计及设备设施等方面进行调研及优化分析,研究了不同条件对活性污泥反硝化速率的影响,探讨了污水处理厂在实际生产运行中反硝化脱氮过程主要存在的问题及对策。结果表明:各厂反硝化速率在0~5.18 mg NO₃--N/（g VSS·h）时,平均反硝化速率为1.40 mg NO₃--N/（g VSS·h）,进水碳源浓度较低为各个污水处理厂反硝化速率较低的主要原因。其中外加碳源的种类、投加点位对反硝化脱氮具有较大的影响,在各厂进水中投加易降解碳源并保持较高的搅拌速率后,发现反硝化潜力为1.16~20.80 mg NO₃--N/（g VSS·h）,表明改善进水水质并创造较好的反硝化条件,有利于整体反硝化水平的提升。此外,充分的搅拌条件也可增强污泥的反硝化性能。另外,选择合适的内回流比可以有效强化生物反硝化脱氮性能,但内回流中高DO对反硝化影响较大,降低回流DO可以有效提高NO₃--N去除量。