山东省絮凝剂市场需求浅析

随着水污染物排放标准的日益严格,絮凝剂的市场需求逐步增大。本文通过对山东省絮凝剂市场的实际调查,分析了絮凝剂的需求、种类、价格等市场因素,对市场需求进行预测并提出了市场营销建议。     

固定化生物活性炭处理低浓度甲醇废水

将分离筛选得到的甲醇降解菌固定在颗粒活性炭上,组成固定化生物活性炭反应系统,研究该反应系统处理轻度污染含甲醇废水的最佳运行条件和运行效果,结果表明,固定化生物活性炭处理轻度污染含甲醇放心水的方法明显好于3种树脂和单纯活性炭吸附处理,反应系统的最佳运行条件是水力负荷0．84－0．77m^3(m^2.h）,停留时间57－62min,pH7－8,温度20℃－30℃,溶解氧是去除甲醇的主要限制因子,甲醇含量为11．3－23．1mg／L时,去除率大90％,出水CODcr小于12mg／L。此外还研究了生物活性炭生物膜的一些特点,并分析了运行中活性炭吸附性能的变化。     

Contaminants-Induced Oxidative Damage on the Carp Cyprinus carpio Collected from the Upper Yellow River, China

The Yellow River, the second largest river in China, is the most important resource of water supply in North China. In the last 40 years, even in the upper Yellow River, with the development of industry and agriculture, more and more contaminants have been discharged into this river and greatly polluted the water. Although a routine chemical component analysis has been performed, little is known about the real toxic effects of the polluted water on organisms at environmental level. To explore whether the pollutants induced oxidative stress and damage to aquatic organisms, malondialdehyde (MDA) level and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in hepatopancreas, kidney and intestine of the field-collected carp Cyprinus carpio from a mixed polluted (Lanzhou Region, LZR) and a relatively unpolluted (Liujiaxia Region, LJXR) sites of the upper Yellow River were measured. The results showed that when the values of LZR compared with those of LJXR, SOD and GST activities increased and GPx activity decreased significantly in all the three organs (P < 0.05–0.01); CAT activity decreased but MDA level increased significantly (P < 0.05–0.01) only in kidney and intestine. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that the pollutants can induce obvious oxidative damage in the carp, and the SOD, GST and GPx might be better indicators for the oxidative damage in aquatic organisms.     

Role of dissolved humic acids in the biodegradation of a single isomer of nonylphenol by Sphingomonas sp

This study shows the important role of humic acids in the degradation of ¹⁴C and ¹³C labeled isomer of NP by Sphingomonas sp. strain TTNP3 and the detoxification of the resulting metabolites. Due to the association of NP with humic acids, its solubility in the medium was enhanced and the extent of mineralization of nonylphenol increased from 20% to above 35%. This was accompanied by the formation of significant amounts of NP residues bound to the humic acids, which also occurred via abiotic reactions of the major NP metabolite hydroquinone with the humic acids. Gel permeation chromatography showed a non-homogenous distribution of NP residues with humic acids molecules, with preference towards molecules with high-molecular-weight. Solid state ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy indicated that the nonextractable residues resulted exclusively from the metabolites. The chemical shifts of the labeled carbon indicated the possible covalent binding of hydroquinone to the humic acids via ester and possibly ether bonds, and the incorporation of degradation products of hydroquinone into the humic acids. This study provided evidences for the mediatory role of humic acids in the fate of NP as a sink for bacterial degradation intermediates of this compound.     

Hydroxyl radical generation and oxidative stress in Carassius auratus liver as affected by 2,4,6-trichlorophenol

With Carassius auratus, one of the main economic fish species in Eastern China as test material, this paper studied the hydroxyl radical generation and oxidative stress in its liver under the effect of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP). Different doses of 2,4,6-TCP were injected intraperitoneally into the fishes, and the Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of hepatic free radicals, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione-s-transferase (GST), levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were determined 24h after injection. The results showed that under the effects of 2,4,6-TCP, the generation of free radical that was considered to be hydroxyl radical increased significantly, the activities of antioxidant enzymes decreased, with CAT most strongly affected and followed by SOD and GST, the GSH level decreased significantly while GSSG level had little difference, resulting in a decreased GSH/GSSG ratio, and the MDA content increased significantly. All the test parameters showed that C. auratus was subjected to oxidative stress and damage when exposed to 2,4,6-TCP.     

气相色谱法测定水和土壤中苯醚甲环唑的残留量

研究并建立了气相色谱法测定水和土壤中苯醚甲环唑残留量的分析方法。实验结果表明：水中添加苯醚甲环唑的含量为0．005～0．500mg／kg时,平均回收率为97．9％～100．5％,相对标准偏差小于6．7％;土壤中添加苯醚甲环唑的含量为0．005～0．500mg／kg时,平均回收率为95．7％～109．5％,相对标准偏差小于7．5％。将该法用于水和土壤残留实验,土壤试样在拖药后10～88d进行采样分析,其残留消解动态回归方程为y=0．8803e^-0.0122x,相关系数为-0．915,消解半衰期为56．8d;水试样在施药后0～21d进行采样分析,其残留消解动态回归方程为y=0．2624e^-0.2539x,相关系数为-0．899,消解半衰期为2．7d。     

气-水界面对病毒静态吸附实验结果的影响

气-水界面存在可能导致不能正确评价土壤对病毒的静态吸附能力.本研究通过室内一次平衡法实验,比较分析气-水界面对噬菌体MS2在不同处理（非灭菌/灭菌）的不同土壤中的吸附实验结果影响,同时评价不同程度气-水界面对没有土壤存在时的病毒回收率影响.结果表明,气-水界面存在对吸附实验结果的影响在砂质潮土上最为明显,其次为红壤土,而在红粘土上的影响几乎可忽略,这可能与土壤本身吸附/致死病毒的能力不同有关;土壤灭菌后进一步加剧气-水界面对砂质潮土吸附实验结果的偏差,而在红壤土上则有减弱趋势.气-水界面存在显著降低空白实验病毒回收率,其降低趋势随气-水界面的增加而加剧,当加入土壤后,土壤颗粒有可能阻止病毒接近气-水界面或改变病毒吸附在固-液-气界面的力量,因而气-水界面存在时的空白实验结果并非为真正的空白实验结果,这可能是导致气-水界面引起静态吸附实验结果偏差的主要原因.     

Fe/Si/TiO2三元复合光催化剂的性能研究

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Fe/Si/TiO2三元复合光催化剂,利用X射线衍射(XRD)和紫外-可见漫反射光谱(DRS)对样品进行了分析表征,并以甲基橙为模拟污染物,考察了其光催化活性.结果表明,Fe/Si/TiO2三元复合光催化剂与TiO2相比,光催化活性明显提高;当煅烧温度为900℃、添加Fe的摩尔分数为0.050%时,光催化活性最佳.     

大分子络合超滤技术去除溶液中镍离子的研究

采用聚丙烯酸(PAA)和羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)去除Ni2 ,首先将Ni2 离子络合在大分子上形成大分子络合物,进而通过超滤膜,将其截留在膜的一侧,从而达到分离镍离子的目的.研究表明,采用这两种聚合物进行络合超滤可以使镍离子去除率达到95%以上;当Ni2 与聚合物的反应时间为30 min时,镍离子(170 mg/L)与PAA(0.5 wt%)、CMC(0.5wt%)的适宜配比分别为1:2.5和1:1.在分离体系中加入Na 、Mg2 后,对镍离子的去除具有不利影响.此外,考察了用大分子络合超滤法处理含有镍离子的实际废水,结果在透过液中未检测出Ni2 .     

油田硫酸盐还原菌快速定量检测方法

现有油田废水中硫酸盐还原菌检测周期长、检测费用较高,本研究应用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术与倍比稀释法(MPN)相结合的DSR-MPN-PCR法,对硫酸盐还原菌进行快速定量检测.从废水中制备了直接用于PCR扩增的菌液,保证了定量准确性;建立以硫酸盐还原菌亚硫酸盐还原酶基因(Dsr)为靶位点的通用探针DSR1F和DSR5R的反应体系和扩增条件.结果表明,该方法检测灵敏度明显比液体稀释培养法高2个数量级,真实地表征了废水中实际的SRB菌数量,整个操作过程需要3～4　h,检测结果非常稳定,降低了检测费用,可以在生产中应用.