好氧颗粒污泥处理青霉素废水研究

青霉素在其生产过中产生大量的废水,其COD值较高,生化性较差,成分复杂,微生物难以降解,其处理技术是世界性难题。文章采用以葡萄糖模拟废水培养的好氧颗粒污泥为接种体,经青霉素废水逐步驯化后,使其完全处理青霉素废水。实验结果表明,应用好氧颗粒污泥技术,处理青霉素废水,COD,NH3_N,TP去除率较高,具有很好的处理效果。     

有机改性膨润土在印染废水处理中的应用

膨润土是一种非常有用的非金属矿物原料,其有机改性得到的有机改性膨润土可以较好地去除印染废水中的有机污染物和色度。本文综述了有机改性膨润土的制备方法及其在印染废水处理中的应用现状。     

Debromination of decabromodiphenyl ether by organo-montmorillonite-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron：Preparation, characterization and influence factors

An organo-montmorillonite-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron material(M-NZVI) was synthesized to degrade decabromodiphenyl ether(BDE-209). The results showed that nanoscale zero-valent iron had good dispersion on organo-montmorillonite and was present as a core-shell structure with a particle size range of nanoscale iron between 30–90 nm, characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, XRF, ICP-AES, and XPS. The results of the degradation of BDE-209 by M-NZVI showed that the efficiency of M-NZVI in removing BDE-209 was much higher than that of NZVI. The efficiency of M-NZVI in removing BDE-209 decreased as the pH and the initial dissolved oxygen content of the reaction solution increased, but increased as the proportion of water in the reaction solution increased.     

Catalytic bubble-free hydrogenation reduction of azo dye by porous membranes loaded with palladium nanoparticles

Catalytic bubble-free hydrogenation reduction of azo dye by porous membranes loaded with palladium （Pd） nanoparticles was studied for the first time. The effects of Pd loading, dye concentration and reuse repetitions of membranes were investigated. In reduction, the dye concentration decreased whereas the pH rose gradually. An optimal Pd loading was found. The catalytic membranes were able to be reused more than 3 times.     

Carbonyl emissions from heavy-duty diesel vehicle exhaust in China and the contribution to ozone formation potential

Fifteen heavy-duty diesel vehicles were tested on chassis dynamometer by using typical heavy duty driving cycle and fuel economy cycle. The air from the exhaust was sampled by 2,4- dinitrophenyhydrazine cartridge and 23 carbonyl compounds were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The average emission factor of carbonyls was 97.2 mg/km, higher than that of light-duty diesel vehicles and gasoline-powered vehicles. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone and propionaidehyde were the species with the highest emission factors. Main influencing factors for carbonyl emissions were vehicle type, average speed and regulated emission standard, and the impact of vehicle loading was not evident in this study. National emission of carbonyls from diesel vehicles exhaust was calculated for China, 2011, based on both vehicle miles traveled and fuel consumption. Carbonyl emission of diesel vehicle was estimated to be 45.8 Gg, and was comparable to gasolinepowered vehicles （58.4 Gg）. The emissions of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone were 12.6, 6.9, 3.8 Gg, respectively. The ozone formation potential of carbonyls from diesel vehicles exhaust was 537 mg O3/km, higher than 497 mg O3/km of none-methane hydrocarbons emitted from diesel vehicles.     

中国危险废物和医疗废物焚烧处置行业二（口恶）排放水平研究

通过调研全国危险废物和医疗废物焚烧处置设施,对包含二噁英排放水平的设施按处置对象、炉型和处理量分类,并作系统分析和研究.结果表明现有危险废物焚烧设施烟气中二噁英的浓度比医疗废物低,达标率为74.19%;危险废物选用回转窑处置效果较好,达标率为66.67%;而医疗废物选用回转窑或热解炉,要综合考虑处置规模、生产成本和二英排放总量等因素;危险废物介于10~30 t·d-1和医疗废物介于10~20 t·d-1的处置设施要尤其注意二噁英的排放问题;医疗废物焚烧飞灰中二噁英的均值浓度为危险废物6倍以上,仅有16.67%满足填埋要求.二者烟气中二英的浓度分布以1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF、2,3,7,8-TCDF和OCDD为主.     

大孔网状聚氨酯载体MBBR工艺处理低浓度硝基苯废水实验研究

利用大孔网状聚氨酯载体在MBBR工艺条件下,研究了系统挂膜与启动过程,同时利用挂膜成熟稳定的载体进行低浓度硝基苯废水处理实验。研究结果表明,在20℃条件下培养的活性污泥生长状况良好,挂膜速度快,生物膜厚度大,耐冲击负荷。在MBBR反应时间24 h、材料投加量为1/4、硝基苯初始浓度为2.095mg/L的条件下,处理低浓度硝基苯废水的效果最好,CODcr去除率为92.58%,硝基苯去除率为49.82%。     

基于模糊综合评判法对集中供热锅炉环保设施综合评价研究

以乌鲁木齐市某集中供热锅炉污染物减排方案为例,通过建立脱硫除尘设施综合评价指标体系,运用层次分析法确定指标权重,利用模糊综合评判法分别对两种除尘设施情况下的环境效益、经济效益以及设施能耗、物耗等指标着手,进行综合评价,最终评选出较优实施方案.评选结果表明：袋式除尘＋石灰石-石膏法脱硫除尘设施方案运用于该集中供热站综合效益较好,可有效实现污染物减排,为今后燃煤锅炉环保设施的评选提供一定的参考作用.     

城市环境风险监控预警系统的构建与应用研究

文章在分析当前城市环境风险预警系统构建的不足的基础上,结合目前环境风险预警系统构建的基础支撑系统建设现状,介绍如何建立集成环境风险信息采集、实时监控预警、预测模拟、处理为一体的城市环境风险信息监控预警平台,实现城市环境风险信息统一管理与共享,提高环境监管部门及公众对环境风险的应急反应及处理速度,为城市环境安全保障提供决策支持。     

黄土沉积物中次生细粒强磁性矿物记录的古气候信息

伊犁地区位于我国新疆地区西北部,为天山山脉环绕。区内降水自西向东递增,而温 度则由于海拔高度的抬升而逐渐降低。上述地理环境有利于分析和探讨温度和降水与黄土沉积 物中次生细粒强磁性颗粒数量之间关系。本研究在伊犁河谷西部地区,对不同海拔高度黄土表 层沉积物进行样品采集。环境磁学分析结果显示：黄土沉积物中次生细粒强磁性矿物含量与降 水量之间存在很好的正相关关系,而与温度之间存在反相关关系。结合黄土高原的研究结果可 以发现：温度对黄土沉积物中次生细粒强磁性矿物的数量影响微弱,降水是控制其含量的主要 因素;即：在黄土古气候研究中,次生细粒强磁性矿物的磁化率可以作为古降水量的代用指标, 但对温度变化不敏感。